Neuroticism in familial depression

SynopsisThis study examined the relationship between personality factors and depression in subjects who may have a familial vulnerability to depression (i.e. first-degree relatives of depressed patients). Four groups comprised our study sample: relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression; relatives who had experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently well; relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently depressed; and relatives who had experienced a past history of depression and were currently depressed. Of the four personality characteristics measured (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie), the only significant effects between groups appeared to be attributable to Neuroticism (N).The strongest association was between current illness and N. There was also a tendency for subjects with a past history of depression to have an inflated N score. However, this appeared to be associated with the presence of current depressive symptomatology. Our findings indicate that when current symptomatology is taken into account Neuroticism does not seem to reflect the trait of liability to depression, but is strongly associated with the state of being depressed.

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Quality of parenting and vulnerability to depression: results from a family study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291797006016 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 185-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

C. DUGGAN ◽

P. SHAM ◽

C. MINNE ◽

A. LEE ◽

R. MURRAY

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Family Study ◽

Past History ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

History Of ◽

Quality Of Parenting ◽

Independent Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

History Of Depression

Background. We examined a group of subjects at familial risk of depression and explored the relationship between the perceptions of parents and a history of depression. We also investigated: (a) whether any difference in perceived parenting found between those with and without a past history of depression was an artefact of the depression; and (b) whether the relationship between parenting and depression was explained by neuroticism.Method. We took a sample of first-degree relatives selected from a family study in depression and subdivided them by their history of mental illness on the SADS-L, into those: (a) without a history of mental illness (N=43); and (b) those who had fully recovered from an episode of RDC major depression (N=34). We compared the perceptions of parenting, as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), in these two groups having adjusted for the effect of neuroticism and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We also had informants report on parenting of their siblings, the latter being subdivided into those with and without a past history of depression.Results. Relatives with a past history of depression showed lower care scores for both mother and father combined compared with the never ill relatives. The presence of a history of depression was associated with a non-significant reduction in the self-report care scores compared to the siblings report. Vulnerable personality (as measured by high neuroticism) and low perceived care were both found to exert independent effects in discriminating between the scores of relatives with and without a history of depression and there was no interaction between them.Conclusion. This study confirmed that low perceived parental care was associated with a past history of depression, that it was not entirely an artefact of having been depressed, and suggested that this association was partially independent of neuroticism.

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Personality Traits in Former Depressed Patients and in Healthy Subjects without Past History of Depression

Psychopathology ◽

10.1159/000284052 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 178-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Carlo Perris ◽

Martin Eisemann ◽

Lars von Knorring ◽

Hjördis Perris

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Past History ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

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PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2014.4_5.20 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 140-152

Author(s):

Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽

Ngoc Thanh Cao

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Past History ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Related Factors ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

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Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.141.2.171 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 205

Author(s):

Alec Roy

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Patient Care ◽

Past History ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Chronic Schizophrenic ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

SummaryA matched controlled study of 30 chronic schizophrenic suicides is presented. Eighty per cent were male and committed suicide at a mean age of 25.8 years after a mean duration of illness of 4.8 years. Significantly more of the suicides had a chronic relapsing schizophrenic illness; 23.3 per cent committed suicide while in-patients, and 50 per cent of the out-patients committed suicide within three months of discharge from in-patient care. Significantly more of the suicides had a past history of depression (56.6 per cent), were depressed in the last episode of contact (53.3 per cent), had their last admission for depression or suicidal ideation (55.2 per cent) and were unemployed (80 per cent).

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The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

Jurnal Humaniora ◽

10.22146/jh.v28i1.11510 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Wildan Sena Utama

Keyword(s):

National Culture ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

The State ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Government Policies ◽

The Reformation ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

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Prologue

African Dominion ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691196824.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Michael A. Gomez

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Political Power ◽

The State ◽

The Third ◽

History Of ◽

City State ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.

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Our Daily Bread: ‘Cooperation’, ‘Independence’ and Politics in Mid-1930s Cinema

Hollywood and the Great Depression ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9780748699926.003.0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Neve

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Depression ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

The Great Depression ◽

Box Office ◽

Production History ◽

History Of ◽

Cooperative Activity ◽

The Relationship

This chapter revisits and explores the production history of director King Vidor’s independently made movie, Our Daily Bread (1934), its ideological and aesthetic motifs, and its exhibition and reception in the United States and beyond, not least its apparent failure at the box office. It further considers the relationship between the film and contemporary advocacy of cooperative activity as a response to the Great Depression, notably by the California Cooperative League, Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, and Upton Sinclair’s End Poverty in California campaign for the state governorship. It also assesses the movie in relation to Vidor’s own cooperative vision through its emphasis on individuals and community as a solution to the Great Depression and the significant absence of the state in this agency.

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Crafts Traders versus the State

Art of Connection ◽

10.1525/california/9780520292871.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dillon Mahoney

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

New Technologies ◽

The State ◽

Small Scale ◽

British Colonialism ◽

Starting Point ◽

Diverse Backgrounds ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

This chapter traces the development of Kenya’s tourism and handicraft industries from their roots in 20th century British colonialism to provide some of the broader history of Kenya’s tourism and co-operative development, their emergence in Mombasa, and their relationships with local governments. I draw on archival as well as ethnographic data collected just before the 2002 demolition of Mombasa’s roadside kiosks, which form the starting point for the larger longitudinal study. I focus on the array of experiences of Mombasa’s roadside traders of diverse backgrounds as they struggle with the privatization and segregation of urban residential and commercial space both before and after the demolitions. The economy was radically altered as the roadsides were “cleaned” and a new wave of economic formalization characterized the relationship between small-scale businesspeople and the state. For many entrepreneurs invested in the global crafts trade, this was the final straw that pushed them toward new technologies, jumping scales into global markets, and investing in export and wholesale businesses that were not spatially dependent upon a connection to the city center.

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Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease a Study of the Growth Hormone Response to Apomorphine

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.167.4.522 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 167 (4) ◽

pp. 522-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John D. C. Mellers ◽

Niall P. Quinn ◽

Maria A. Ron

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Past History ◽

Visual Hallucinations ◽

Hormone Response ◽

Receptor Sensitivity ◽

Dopaminergic Mechanisms ◽

History Of

BackgroundThe growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine, thought to reflect central dopaminergic receptor sensitivity, has been reported as enhanced in acute schizophrenia. We investigated this response in relation to the psychotic episodes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodThe GH response to apomorphine was measured in three groups of patients with Parkinson's disease: those currently psychotic (n = 9), those with a past history of psychosis (n = 7) and those who had never been psychotic (n = 8).ResultsApomorphine-induced GH response was not related to psychosis but was unexpectedly associated with measures of depression.ConclusionsVisual hallucinations were a prominent feature in the psychotic patients and the atypical nature of these psychoses might explain why we found no evidence of dopaminergic sensitivity. Serotonergic dysfunction would be in keeping with this. Dopaminergic mechanisms may contribute to the minor depressive symptomatology seen in PD.

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