Life stress and psychosomatic symptoms among 14 to 16-year old Finnish adolescents

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillevi Aro
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
School Children ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

SynopsisSchool children (N = 2013) completed questionnaires in class on three occasions over a period of 17 months. Life stress data for 12 months were gathered retrospectively in the last questionnaire. Life events and interpersonal problems were associated with psychosomatic symptoms. In terms of change in symptoms, the impact of life events and interpersonal problems was demonstrated in boys but not in girls. Though boys with a history of no events or problems had lower symptom scores than girls, boys with a history of many events or problems caught up with the girls by the end of the follow-up period. On the other hand, symptom differences related to life stress scores were already apparent at the beginning of the study, and these differences were greater in girls than in boys.

scholarly journals Background stressors and deliberate self-harm

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S. Keeley ◽  
Mary O'Sullivan ◽  
Paul Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Dysfunctional Family ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Background History ◽  
Prospective Monitoring

Aims and MethodIn this study we aimed to identify negative life events, especially those associated with repetition, in the background histories of patients in a 2-year prospective monitoring study of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm (DSH). Thematic analysis of the narratives recorded during assessment was used to produce general categories of life events.ResultsIn 3031 DSH episodes (n=2287 individuals), women reported more life events than men. Family and interpersonal problems were most commonly reported. Reporting a dysfunctional family of origin, a history of sexual abuse and the imprisonment of self or other were associated with repetition retrospectively and prospectively.Clinical ImplicationsThe background history of patients who harm themselves should be explored routinely on assessment in order to help establish risk of repetition and to determine appropriate follow-up.

scholarly journals Life events, difficulties and onset of depressive episodes in later life

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELS I. BRILMAN ◽  
JOHAN ORMEL
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Depression

Background. The importance of stressful life events and long-term difficulties in the onset of episodes of unipolar depression is well established for young and middle-aged persons, but less so for older people.Method. A prospective case–control study was nested in a large community survey of older people. We recruited 83 onset cases during a 2-year period starting 2½ years after the survey, via screening (N = 59) and GP monitoring (N = 24), and 83 controls, a random sample from the same survey population. We assessed depression with the PSE-10 and life stress exposure with the LEDS.Results. Risk of onset was increased 22-fold by severe events and three-fold by ongoing difficulties of at least moderate severity. Severe events accounted for 21% of all episodes but ongoing difficulties for 45%. The association of onset with life stress, often health-related such as death, major disability and hospitalization of subject or someone close, was most pronounced in the cases identified by screening. While a clear risk threshold for events was found between threat 2 and 3 (on a scale of 1–4), the risk associated with difficulties increased more gradually with severity of difficulty. Compared with controls, severe events involved a larger risk for cases without a prior history of depression (OR = 39·48) than for cases with (OR = 8·86). The opposite was found for mild events (OR = 2·94 in recurrent episodes; OR = 1·09 in first episodes). The impact of ongoing difficulties was independent of severity of episode and history of depression.Conclusion. Although the nature of life stress in later life, in particular health-related disability and loss of (close) social contacts, is rather different from that in younger persons, it is a potent risk factor for onset of a depressive episode in old age. Severe events show the largest relative risk, but ongoing difficulties account for most episodes. The association of severe events with onset tends to be stronger in first than in recurrent episodes. Mild events can trigger a recurrent episode but not a first one.

scholarly journals S19 The impact of clotting abnormalities on the natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an extended follow up of a population based cohort

Thorax ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A13.1-A13
Author(s):  
V Navaratnam ◽  
AW Fogarty ◽  
T McKeever ◽  
N Thompson ◽  
G Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The Prognosis of Depression in Old Age

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Year ◽  
Severe Life Events

SummaryThe paper describes a one year prospective study of 124 elderly depressed patients. Only one third of the group had a good outcome. Poor outcome was associated with severity of initial illness, those with depressive delusions having a particularly poor outcome. Outcome was also influenced by physical health problems and severe life events in the follow-up year. Social class differences in outcome were thought to be due to class differences in the experience of severe life events. There was no evidence that an intimate relationship protected against relapse in the face of continuing life stress.

The Concept of Explanatory Adequacy

2016 ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Explanatory Adequacy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

This chapter illustrates the technical notion of ‘explanatory adequacy’ in the context of the other forms of empirical adequacy envisaged in the history of generative grammar: an analysis of a linguistic phenomenon is said to meet ‘explanatory adequacy’ when it comes with a reasonable account of how the phenomenon is acquired by the language learner. It discusses the relevance of arguments from the poverty of the stimulus, which bear on the complexity of the task that every language learner successfully accomplishes, and therefore define critical cases for evaluating the explanatory adequacy of a linguistic analysis. After illustrating the impact that parametric models had on the possibility of achieving explanatory adequacy on a large scale, the chapter addresses the role that explanatory adequacy plays in the context of the Minimalist Program, and the interplay that the concept has with the further explanation ‘beyond explanatory adequacy’ that minimalist analysis seeks.

Abstract 14134: The Impact of Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation on Dementia Incidence in Patients With and Without Depression

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi T May ◽  
Tami L Bair ◽  
Stacey Knight ◽  
Jeffrey L Anderson ◽  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
History Of Depression

Introduction: Studies have previously shown that atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia. The mechanisms are likely multifactorial, but may involve treatment strategies that include anticoagulation use and rhythm management, particularly when used early. Patients that have earlier-life depression are at risk of dementia. However, depression diagnosis in AF patients may indicate a patient at higher risk of developing dementia and whether treatments ameliorate that risk is unknown. Methods: A total of 132,703 AF patients without a history of dementia were studied. History of depression was determined at the time of AF diagnosis. Patients were deemed as having a follow-up ablation if it occurred prior to a dementia diagnosis. Patients were stratified into 4 groups based on depression history and follow-up ablation status: no depression, ablation (n=5,960); no depression, no ablation (n=106,986); depression, ablation (n=923); and depression, no ablation (n=18,834). Patients were followed for 5-year incidence of dementia. Results: A total of 14.9% (n=19,757) pts had a history of depression at the time of AF diagnosis. The mean time between depression and AF diagnoses was 4.9±4.8 years. Patients with depression were younger (68±15 vs. 71±14 years), more likely to be female (62% vs. 44%), and had more cardiovascular comorbidities. Mean time to ablation was 1.3±1.4 days (median: 7.7 months) from AF diagnosis. Frequencies of 5-year dementia were: no depression, ablation=1.6%; no depression, no ablation=5.2%; depression, ablation=4.7%; and depression, no ablation=9.7%, p<0.0001. Multivariable comparisons between the groups are shown in the Figure. Conclusion: In AF patients with and without depression, ablation was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia. Rhythm control approaches that improve long-term brain perfusion may represent a means to impact cognitive declines in patients at higher risk because of earlier-life depression.

14. War and world politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarak Barkawi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines how war fits into the study of international relations and the ways it affects world politics. It begins with an analysis of the work of the leading philosopher of war, Carl von Clausewitz, to highlight the essential nature of war, the main types of war, and the idea of strategy. It then considers some important developments in the history of warfare, both in the West and elsewhere, with particular emphasis on interrelationships between the modern state, armed force, and war in the West and in the global South. Two case studies are presented, one focusing on war and Eurocentrism during the Second World War, and the other on the impact of war on society by looking at France, Vietnam, and the United States. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether democracy creates peace among states.

scholarly journals Impact of obesity on male urethral sling outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628722092799
Author(s):  
M. Francesca Monn ◽  
Hannah V. Jarvis ◽  
Thomas A. Gardner ◽  
Matthew J. Mellon
Keyword(s):  
Operative Time ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Analysis ◽  
Surgical Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sling Placement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Urethral Sling

Background: The impact of obesity on AdVance male urethral sling outcomes has been poorly evaluated. Anecdotally, male urethral sling placement can be more challenging due to body habitus in obese patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on surgical complexity using operative time as a surrogate and secondarily to evaluate the impact on postoperative pad use. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using all men who underwent AdVance male urethral sling placement at a single institution between 2013 and 2019. Descriptive statistics comparing obese and non-obese patients were performed. Results: A total of 62 patients were identified with median (IQR) follow up of 14 (4–33) months. Of these, 40 were non-obese and 22 (35.5%) were obese. When excluding patients who underwent concurrent surgery, the mean operative times for the non-obese versus obese cohorts were 61.8 min versus 73.7 min ( p = 0.020). No Clavien 3–5 grade complications were noted. At follow up, 47.5% of the non-obese cohort and 63.6% of the obese cohort reported using one or more pads daily ( p = 0.290). Four of the five patients with a history of radiation were among the patients wearing pads following male urethral sling placement. Conclusion: Obese men undergoing AdVance male urethral sling placement required increased operative time, potentially related to operative complexity, and a higher proportion of obese compared with non-obese patients required postoperative pads for continued urinary incontinence. Further research is required to better delineate the full impact of obesity on male urethral sling outcomes.

Long-term prognosis of patients withJ-wave syndrome

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Kamakura ◽  
Tetsuji Shinohara ◽  
Kenji Yodogawa ◽  
Nobuyuki Murakoshi ◽  
Hiroshi Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Amplitude ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
St Segment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provocation Testing ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveLimited data are currently available regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with J-wave syndrome (JWS). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term prognosis of patients with JWS and identify predictors of the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF).MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective study (seven Japanese hospitals) involving 134 patients with JWS (Brugada syndrome (BrS): 85; early repolarisation syndrome (ERS): 49) treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. All patients had a history of VF. All patients with ERS underwent drug provocation testing with standard and high intercostal ECG recordings to rule out BrS. The impact of global J waves (type 1 ECG or anterior J waves and inferolateral J waves in two or more leads) on the prognosis was evaluated.ResultsDuring the 91±66 months of the follow-up period, 52 (39%) patients (BrS: 37; ERS: 15) experienced recurrence of VF. Patients with BrS and ERS with global J waves showed a significantly higher incidence of VF recurrence than those without (BrS: log-rank, p=0.014; ERS: log-rank, p=0.0009). The presence of global J waves was a predictor of VF recurrence in patients with JWS (HR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.91, p=0.0095), while previously reported high-risk electrocardiographic parameters (high-amplitude J waves ≥0.2 mV and J waves associated with a horizontal or descending ST segment) were not predictive of VF recurrence.ConclusionsThis multicentre long-term study showed that the presence of global J waves was associated with a higher incidence of VF recurrence in patients with JWS.

4070Clinical impact of mitral regurgitation before or following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis: a nationwide multivariable analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Fauchier ◽  
A Bernard ◽  
A Bisson ◽  
T Lacour ◽  
J Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Abstract Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may have concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR). The impact of MR at baseline or after TAVR on subsequent prognosis remains to be more precisely determined. We analysed the impact of MR before or after TAVR on prognosis in the systematic analysis of patients treated with TAVR at a nationwide level. Methods Based on the French administrative hospital-discharge database, the study collected information for all consecutive patients with aortic stenosis treated with transfemoral TAVR in France between 2008 and 2018. Cox regression was used for the analysis of predictors of events during follow-up. Results A total of 47,872 patients with transfemoral TAVR were included in the analysis (mean age 83±7 years). Moderate/severe MR was present at baseline (MRb) in 9.5% of the patients. Few patients (1.6%) revealed moderate/severe MR post-TAVR (MRpt). Mean follow-up was 1.31±1.61 years. MRb was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality (Hazard ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.39) and total mortality (Hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.21). However, MRb was not an independent predictor in multivariable analysis, neither for cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98–1.14) nor for total mortality (adjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.07). MRpt was not a predictor of cardiovascular or total mortality. Older age, male sex, history of pulmonary edema/cardiogenic shock, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, pulmonary disease, previous cancer and anemia at baseline independently predicted mortality during follow-up. All of them (but history of cancer) were also independent predictor of cardiovascular death. Conclusion Baseline MR was associated with increased cardiovascular and totality mortality following TAVR but was not an independent predictor of any of them. By contrast, several other predictors of cardiovascular and total mortality were identified. This suggests that MR should not be directly considered to establish the strategy for TAVR decision or for avoiding TAVR-related futility.

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