DSM-III compulsive personality disorder: an epidemiological survey

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nestadt ◽  
A. J. Romanoski ◽  
C. H. Brown ◽  
R. Chahal ◽  
A. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Development Of Anxiety

SYNOPSISA two-stage probability sample of community subjects was developed with a full psychiatric examination employing DSM-III criteria in conjunction with the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) survey conducted in Baltimore, MD. This report details the observation on those subjects diagnosed with compulsive personality disorder and compulsive personality traits. The results indicate that this condition has a prevalence of 1·7% in a general population. Male, white, married and employed individuals receive this diagnosis most often. Our data suggest a dimensional rather than categorical character for this disorder. The disorder imparts a vulnerability for the development of anxiety disorders.

An epidemiological study of histrionic personality disorder

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nestadt ◽  
A. J. Romanoski ◽  
R. Chahal ◽  
A. Merchant ◽  
M. F. Folstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
Histrionic Personality Disorder ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Males And Females

SynopsisIn conjunction with the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) survey conducted in Baltimore, MD, a two-stage probability sample of community subjects was developed with a full psychiatric examination employing DSM-III criteria. This report details the observations on those subjects diagnosed with the DSM-III diagnosis Histrionic Personality Disorder. The results indicate that this condition can be diagnosed reliably and that it is a valid construct. It has a prevalence of 2·1 % in a general population. Males and females are equally affected, suggesting that prior reports of an increased prevalence in females was an expression of ascertainment bias found in hospital-based studies. The diagnosis is associated with clear evidence of disturbance in the emotional, behavioural, and social realms. Individuals with this disorder tend to use health care facilities more frequently than others.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANXIETY AND PERSONALITY DISORDER FEATURES IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S312-S312
Author(s):  
Olivia R Noel ◽  
Lisa E Stone ◽  
Daniel L Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Development Of Anxiety

Abstract Introduction: Anxiety is a prevalent problem that has been found to be associated with multiple other mental disorders, functional impairments, and poor quality of life. Specifically, it appears that personality may play a major role in anxiety based on preferred dispositional coping methods and presence of normal and dysfunctional personality traits. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between anxiety and personality disorder (PD) features. It was hypothesized that anxiety would have positive associations with the avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, schizotypal, paranoid, and borderline PD scales. Method: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 130) and younger adults (N = 243) completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) and the Coolidge Axis Two Inventory (CATI) as part of a larger assessment battery. Correlations were computed between the GAS total score and the 14 PD scales from the CATI. Results: Results showed that anxiety was significantly and positively associated with all 14 PD scales. Specifically, as expected, the schizotypal (.52), paranoid (.55), avoidant (.56), obsessive-compulsive (.60), dependent (.62), and borderline (.69) PD scales were all significantly positively associated with anxiety. The remaining 8 PD scales also showed strong, positive correlations with anxiety: sadistic (.27), antisocial (.28), schizoid (.32), histrionic (.42), narcissistic (.44), passive-aggressive (.59), self-defeating (.64), and depressive (.69). Discussion: These results indicate that anxiety and abnormal personality traits are highly associated, showing a strong comorbidity. An implication is that PDs may play a role in the development of anxiety, or vice versa. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal and causative relationships.

scholarly journals Conceptual fear generalization gradients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Mertens ◽  
Vera Bouwman ◽  
Arne Leer ◽  
Iris Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
Insight Into

A hallmark symptom of fear and anxiety disorder is generalization of fear to essentially innocuous stimuli and situations. Such generalization can occur through both perceptual and conceptually similarities. Recent studies indicate that perceptual generalization is inflated in anxiety patients and individuals prone to develop anxiety disorders, suggesting that perceptual generalization may be involved in the etiology of anxiety disorders. In the current study we want to address whether conceptual generalization is potentially implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. Therefore, we will use a novel paradigm in which the Dutch word mini [tiny] or enorm [enormous] is paired with an electric shock and assess fear to the conceptually related words klein [small], medium [medium], and groot [large]. The obtained generalization gradients will be related to personality traits known to be vulnerability factors for anxiety disorders. These results will provide insight into conceptual fear generalization and whether this phenomenon potentially relates to the development of anxiety disorders.

Test-Retest Reliability of a Self-Report Questionnaire for DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Martin Grann ◽  
Gunnar Kullgren
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Summary: Short-term stability or test-retest reliability of self-reported personality traits is likely to be biased if the respondent is affected by a depressive or anxiety state. However, in some studies, DSM-oriented self-reported instruments have proved to be reasonably stable in the short term, regardless of co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the short-term test-retest reliability of a new self-report questionnaire for personality disorder diagnosis (DIP-Q) on a clinical sample of 30 individuals, having either a depressive, an anxiety, or no axis-I disorder. Test-retest scorings from subjects with depressive disorders were mostly unstable, with a significant change in fulfilled criteria between entry and retest for three out of ten personality disorders: borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Scorings from subjects with anxiety disorders were unstable only for cluster C and dependent personality disorder items. In the absence of co-morbid depressive or anxiety disorders, mean dimensional scores of DIP-Q showed no significant differences between entry and retest. Overall, the effect from state on trait scorings was moderate, and it is concluded that test-retest reliability for DIP-Q is acceptable.

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

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