CSF GABA in depressed patients and normal controls

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
Judith Dejong ◽  
Thomas Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

SYNOPSISThe inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of GABA in depressed patients (N = 25) and normal controls (N = 20). There was no significant difference between the groups. However, among the depressed patients the subgroup of unipolar melancholic patients (N = 13) had significantly lower CSF levels of GABA than the rest of the depressed patients (N = 12). There was no significant difference for CSF levels of GABA between depressed patients who were (N = 14) or were not (N = 11) cortisol non-suppressors. It was of interest that among the controls there was a significant negative correlation between CSF levels of GABA and CSF levels of norepinephrine.

scholarly journals Determination of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Grains and Cruciferous Vegetable Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al-Taher ◽  
Boris Nemzer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Line

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has great physiological functions, mainly as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which makes it important for the development of functional foods. This study detected GABA in grains and cruciferous vegetable seeds by using HPLC after pre-column on-line derivatization with diode array detection (DAD) and fluorescence detection (FLD). The limit of quantitation was 2.94 and 2.86 µg/mL with DAD and FLD, respectively. GABA recoveries ranged from 98.8 to 111.2% on both detectors. Intra and inter-day precision showed relative standard deviations, generally, less than 10% for both DAD and FLD. GABA was determined in different grains (flaxseeds, white quinoa seeds, and buckwheat) and cruciferous vegetable seeds (broccoli, kale, daikon radish, mustard, cabbage, and brussels sprouts). Organic broccoli seeds contained the highest amount and mustard seeds the least amount of GABA in the Brassica family with none being detected in organic white quinoa and flaxseeds. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) exists between the various lots of the broccoli seeds. GABA is important as a natural source in functional foods.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in benign parotid tumours and unstimulated parotid saliva

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jezewska ◽  
A Scinska ◽  
W Kukwa ◽  
A Sobolewska ◽  
D Turzynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Tumour Resection ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parotid Tumours

AbstractObjective:Apart from its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid is also thought to regulate various stages of cell proliferation and differentiation in the brain and periphery. The present study aimed to assess the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and its biochemical precursor glutamic acid (glutamate) in benign parotid tumours and in unstimulated parotid saliva.Method:Unstimulated parotid saliva was collected bilaterally, using the swab method, in 20 patients with unilateral pleomorphic adenoma or Warthin's tumour. Samples of tumour and adjacent salivary tissue were collected during tumour resection.Results:Concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, but not aspartate, were significantly higher in the tumour tissue than in the non-tumour tissue. There was no significant difference in salivary concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate or aspartate, comparing the involved and non-involved side.Conclusion:The present results provide preliminary evidence that γ-aminobutyric acid may be involved in the growth of benign parotid tumours.

Cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid levels in dogs with chronic portosystemic encephalopathy

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Maddison ◽  
D. Yau ◽  
P. Stewart ◽  
G. C. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plasma Ammonia ◽  
Portosystemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Dog Model ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

1. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured in a dog model of spontaneous chronic portosystemic encephalopathy. 2. Dogs with congenital portacaval shunts (intra- or extra-hepatic) develop neurological features of abnormal psychomotor behaviour and depressed consciousness that are consistent with the symptoms of chronic portosystemic encephalopathy in humans. In the five dogs studied, plasma ammonia was elevated, as was CSF tryptophan, both usual biochemical abnormalities in portosystemic encephalopathy. 3. CSF levels of GABA in five dogs with portosystemic encephalopathy (100 ± 13 pmol/ml) were not significantly different from those in five control dogs (96 ± 14 pmol/ml). CSF levels of GABA were not altered after ammonia infusion. 4. If enhanced GABA-ergic neurotransmission, due to influx of gut-derived GABA into the brain, is responsible for the pathophysiology of chronic portosystemic encephalopathy in this model, it is not reflected by increased levels of GABA in CSF.

scholarly journals The role of γ-aminobutyric acid in aluminum stress tolerance in a woody plant, Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengkai Wang ◽  
Yini Dong ◽  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Hao ◽  
LingFeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
Liriodendron Chinense

AbstractThe aluminum (Al) cation Al3+ in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development. Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al3+ toxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress. The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron (L. chinense × tulipifera) is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber; studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential. Here, we performed quantitative iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress. Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis, sugar and proline metabolism, antioxidant activity, cell autophagy, protein ubiquitination degradation, and anion transport in response to Al damage. We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and its activity, leading to increased GABA biosynthesis. Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS, enhanced proline biosynthesis, and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2, which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al3+. We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al3+ tolerance in Arabidopsis. Thus, our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.

Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid and somatostatin in epileptic cortex associated with low-grade gliomas

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Haglund ◽  
Mitchel S. Berger ◽  
Dennis D. Kunkel ◽  
JoAnn E. Franck ◽  
Saadi Ghatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Infiltration ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Significant Difference

✓ The role of specific neuronal populations in epileptic foci was studied by comparing epileptic and nonepileptic cortex removed from patients with low-grade gliomas. Epileptic and nearby (within 1 to 2 cm) nonepileptic temporal lobe neocortex was identified using electrocorticography. Cortical specimens taken from four patients identified as epileptic and nonepileptic were all void of tumor infiltration. Somatostatin- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic)-immunoreactive neurons were identified and counted. Although there was no significant difference in the overall cell count, the authors found a significant decrease in both somatostatin- and GABAergic-immunoreactive neurons (74% and 51 %, respectively) in the epileptic cortex compared to that in nonepileptic cortex from the same patient. It is suggested that these findings demonstrate changes in neuronal subpopulations that may account for the onset and propagation of epileptiform activity in patients with low-grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Yield and Safety of Transjugular Versus Percutaneous Liver Biopsies in Suspected Cases of Diffuse Liver Disease and Correlation of Yield of Transjugular Liver Biopsy with Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousam Dey ◽  
Simi Das ◽  
Argha Chatterjee ◽  
Agnibha Dutta ◽  
Ranajoy Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient ◽  
Transjugular Liver Biopsy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Liver biopsy is indicated in both diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse liver diseases. Conventionally, percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is used, as it is easily available, affordable and has a shorter procedure time, whereas transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is used in the setting of ascites and coagulopathy. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of TJLB in comparison to PLB with tract embolization. Our secondary aims were to evaluate whether there is any difference in rate of major and minor complications between the two procedures and evaluate whether there is any correlation between diagnostic yield of TJLB and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). Methods In this retrospective study, we included a total of consecutive 123 patients who underwent liver biopsy through percutaneous (n = 97) and transjugular route (n = 26). We compared the yield of the specimen based on the number of complete portal tracts (CPT). Results There was no significant difference between mean CPT in TJLB and PLB specimens (mean CPT of TJLB and PLB were 10.9 ± 2.7 and 11.6 ±2.5, respectively [p = 0.566]). There was a moderate but significant negative correlation between the total number of CPT and HVPG in the TJLB group (Spearman’s rho − 0.58) (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in minor complication between the two procedures. Only one patient who underwent PLB developed major complication and none of TLJB procedure had any major complication. Conclusion Yield of tissue and complication rates are comparable in TJLB and PLB groups. Yield of tissue in TJLB have intermediate but significant negative correlation with HVPG.

scholarly journals Calcitriol Elevation Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Refractory Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Solid Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1115-e1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Chukir ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Katherine Hoffman ◽  
John P Bilezikian ◽  
Azeez Farooki
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Antiresorptive Therapy ◽  
Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a common complication of advanced cancer. PTH-independent HCM may be mediated through different mechanisms: (1) humoral HCM, caused by the secretion of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), (2) local osteolysis resulting from metastatic lesions, and (3) calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia. Calcitriol-mediated HCM in patients with nonlymphomatous solid tumors is thought to be rare. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review from 2008 to 2017 to characterize further patients at our institution with solid tumors who had HCM with concomitant elevations in calcitriol. Patients with PTH-dependent hypercalcemia and patients with evidence of granulomatous disease were excluded, as were patients with hematologic malignancies. We hypothesized that patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol levels would respond less favorably to treatment with antiresorptive therapy compared with patients with HCM but without calcitriol elevation. We also aimed to assess mortality and determine if PTHrP and phosphorus levels correlate with calcitriol because both factors may alter calcitriol levels. Results Of 101 eligible patients, calcitriol was elevated in 45 (45%). PTHrP was elevated in 76% of patients with elevated calcitriol compared with 52% of patients without calcitriol elevation. The mean PTHrP value did not differ between patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol (36.3 ± 22 pg/mL) and those without calcitriol elevation (37.4 ± 19 pg/mL). Those with elevated calcitriol levels generally did not respond completely to antiresorptive treatment (80% incomplete response rate), whereas most patients without an elevation in calcitriol responded well to antiresorptive treatment (78% response rate: P < .001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with metastatic bone disease among the 2 groups (49% vs. 55%, respectively). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups (P = .14). A weak but significant negative correlation was found between phosphorus and calcitriol (Pearson r = -0.261, P = .016). This correlation was only significant in patients without calcitriol elevation (Pearson r = -0.4, P = .0082). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between PTHrP and phosphorus, again only in patients without calcitriol elevation. Discussion In the setting of HCM, patients with calcitriol elevation are much less likely to respond to antiresorptive therapy than patients without calcitriol elevation. Because calcitriol elevation did not appear to be correlated with hypophosphatemia or elevated PTHrP, it would appear that calcitriol production under these conditions is autonomous, and not subject to normal physiological controls. These observations indicate that calcitriol elevations in patients with HCM have clinical significance.

Plasma concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and mood disorders: a blood test for manic depressive disease?

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Petty
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Abstract gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that serves about one-third of brain neurons, is involved in the development of depression and in the treatment of depression and mania with pharmacological therapy. Brain activity of GABA may be conveniently measured in plasma, and changes in plasma concentrations of GABA reflect brain GABA activity. Plasma concentrations of GABA are significantly lower than control values in about one-third of patients with major depressive disorder; concentrations are also low in patients with mania and in bipolar patients who are depressed. These low concentrations of GABA appear to persist after recovery from depression and are not increased by treatments that improve depressive symptoms. Follow-up studies suggest that GABA concentrations remain relatively constant over at least 4 years. Additionally, preliminary data suggest that low plasma GABA is a familial marker of mood disorders in a subset of patients. Despite the difficulty of demonstrating that a particular biochemical measure is a true genetic trait marker for vulnerability for development of an illness, the accumulated data suggest that low plasma GABA may represent a biological marker of vulnerability for development of various mood disorders.

Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid: daily pattern and response to haloperidol

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Perlow ◽  
S. J. Enna ◽  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
H. J. Hoffman ◽  
R. J. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Daily Pattern
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