Physical disorders associated with mental illness. A register investigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Fink
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Illness Behaviour ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Psychiatric Department

SynopsisOn the basis of nationwide patient register data the diagnostic pattern of the medical admissions of a general population (17–49 year-olds; N = 30427) during an 8-year period was studied by comparing those individuals who had been admitted to the psychiatric department (i.e. psychiatric patients) with those individuals who had not. The results suggest that the high utilization of medical admissions by psychiatric patients could not be explained simply by coincident chronic physical illness or particular types of physical disease including the somatic complications of mental disorders. It is more likely to be attributable to other factors such as an increased general susceptibility to physical illness, different forms of illness behaviour, and the process of somatization.

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

Types of Mental Disorders in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Mental disorders are common in people with intellectual disability, with a reported point prevalence of 36% in children and young people (including challenging behaviours), and 40.9% in adults (or 28.3% excluding challenging behaviours). People with intellectual disability experience all types of mental disorders, some more commonly than the general population, e.g. autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and dementia. Challenging behaviours are also common, and have no clear general population equivalent. Multi-morbidity of mental and physical disorders is typical. Mental disorder assessments are complex due to multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, in addition to impairments in communication, understanding, vision, and hearing, and the need to work with family and paid carers as well as the person with intellectual disability. Mental disorder classificatory systems have been developed for people with intellectual disability, in view of under-reporting when using general population manuals: DC-LD was designed to complement ICD-10, and DM-ID 2 to interpret DSM-5.

scholarly journals Traditional faith healers as referral sources: A hospital-based descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
D.K. Thapa ◽  
N. Lamichhane ◽  
S. Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Faith Healer ◽  
Common Notion

Introduction: Mental illnesses are commonly linked with a higher disability and burden of disease than many physical illnesses. But despite that fact, it is a general observation that a majority of patients with mental disorder never seek professional help. To elaborate further, the widely prevalent magico-religious beliefs associated with mental illness and lower literacy, poses significant social obstacles in seeking appropriate health care for psychiatric patients. In general, mental illness is seen as related to life stresses, social or family conflicts and evil spirits and the concept of biological causes of mental illness is rare even among the educated. The idea that illness and death are due to malevolent spirits is common notion that is shared practically by all level of society from the so-called primitive to modern industrialized societies, thus indicating the strong influences of cultural background. When there is a magico- religious concepts of disease causation, there is tendency to consult indigenous healers. Therefore, the patients with mental illness often either visit or are taken to faith healers by their relatives. The objective of the study was to determine the various psychiatric cases that were referred by the traditional faith healers to the authors. Material and Method: This is a cross- sectional, hospital- based descriptive study, conducted at the Psychiatric outpatient department of Pokhara Om Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal for the period of one year, from June 2016 to May 2017. The total of 35 cases, referred by the traditional faith healers was included in the study. Subjects of any age, any gender, any literacy level, any caste, from any locality and religious background were included in the study after their consent. Subjects who refused to consent were not included in the study. The psychiatric diagnosis was based on the complete history and examination and ICD- 10 DRC criteria. Results: Though the sample size is small, it is interesting to note that patients with various kinds of mental disorders were referred by traditional faith healers. There were patients suffering from neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, seizure, substance use disorder, intellectual disability etc seeking the treatment from traditional faith healers. Among the cases referred, predominantly were female and neurotic cases. Most patients were educated. Conclusion: The study shows that patients with various mental disorders visit traditional faith healer. This area surely requires further in-depth look as traditional faith healers can be an important source of referral of psychiatric patients.

Police Violence among Adults Diagnosed with Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jin Jun ◽  
Jordan E DeVylder ◽  
Lisa Fedina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Abstract Police violence is reportedly common among those diagnosed with mental disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms or pronounced emotional lability. Despite the perception that people with mental illness are disproportionately mistreated by the police, there is relatively little empirical research on this topic. A cross-sectional general population survey was administered online in 2017 to 1,000 adults in two eastern U.S. cities to examine the relationship between police violence exposure, mental disorders, and crime involvement. Results from hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analyses revealed that a range of mental health conditions are broadly associated with elevated risk for police violence exposure. Individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to be physically victimized by police, regardless of their involvement in criminal activities. Most of the excess risk of police violence exposure related to common psychiatric diagnoses was explained by confounding factors including crime involvement. However, crime involvement may necessitate more police contact, but does not necessarily justify victimization or excessive force (particularly sexual and psychological violence). Findings support the need for adequate training for police officers on how to safely interact with people with mental health conditions, particularly severe mental illness.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional mixed-methods study protocol exploring the enablers and barriers for people with severe and enduring mental illness in Jamaica when accessing healthcare for chronic physical illness

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e038245
Author(s):  
Patrice Whitehorne-Smith ◽  
Sharyn Burns ◽  
Ben Milbourn ◽  
Wendel Abel ◽  
Robyn Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The University

IntroductionExtant international research suggests that people with severe and enduring mental illness (PWSEMI) experience increased rates of chronic physical illness (CPI), reduced life expectancy and higher mortality than those in the general population. The high prevalence of CPI among PWSEMI is associated with a number of barriers that this population experiences when accessing physical healthcare. Although substantial research has been conducted in North America, Europe and Australia, there appears to be a paucity of research exploring CPI among PWSEMI in the Caribbean region, although this region has reported very high rates of non-communicable diseases within its populations. The current study will be situated in Jamaica and will explore the enablers and barriers to PWSEMI accessing healthcare for CPI.Methods and analysisA convergent mixed-method design will explore the enablers and barriers to accessing healthcare for CPI among PWSEMI. This cross-sectional study will collect data from PWSEMI, caregivers and family members, community health aides, primary care physicians, psychiatrists and health policymakers.Ethics and disseminationThe study findings will provide baseline data describing the prevalence of CPI among PWSEMI in Jamaica and will identify enablers for, and barriers to, PWSEMI accessing CPI care. Findings will be disseminated widely in Jamaica and internationally to key stakeholders through publications and conferences. Institutional ethical approval was granted from Jamaica’s Ministry of Health and Wellness Medico-legal Ethics Review Panel (# 2019/49), the Curtin University Human Research and Ethics Committee (HRE 2020–0022) and the University of the West Indies FMS Ethics Committee (ECP 101, 19/20).

scholarly journals Social exclusion of people with severe mental illness in Switzerland: results from the Swiss Health Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Richter ◽  
H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Swiss Health Survey ◽  
Swiss Health ◽  
The Social

Aims.People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a high risk of living socially excluded from the mainstream society. Policy initiatives and health systems aim to improve the social situation of people who suffer from mental health disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of social exclusion (employment and income, social network and social activities, health problems) of people with SMI in Switzerland.Methods.Data from the Swiss Health Survey 2012 were used to compare the social exclusion magnitude of people with SMI with those suffering from severe physical illness, common mental illness and the general population.Results.With the exception of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, we found a gradient of social exclusion that showed people with SMI to be more excluded than the comparison groups. Loneliness and poverty were widespread among people with SMI. Logistic regression analyses on each individual exclusion indicator revealed that people with SMI and people with severe physical illness were similarly excluded on many indicators, whereas people with common mental illness and the general population were much more socially included.Conclusions.In contrast to political and health system goals, many people with SMI suffer from social exclusion. Social policy and clinical support should increase the efforts to counter exclusionary trends, especially in terms of loneliness and poverty.

scholarly journals Risk factors for common mental disorders in women

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Betty R. Kirkwood ◽  
Sulochana Pednekar ◽  
Helen Weiss ◽  
David Mabey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Incident Cases

BackgroundThe determinants of common mental disorders in women have not been described in longitudinal studies from a low-income country.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of 2494 women aged 18 to 50 years, in India. The Revised Clinical Interview Schedule was used for the detection of common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 39 incident cases of common mental disorder in 2166 participants eligible for analysis (12-month rate 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3–2.4%). The following baseline factors were independently associated with the risk for common mental disorder: poverty (low income and having difficulty making ends meet); being married as compared with being single; use of tobacco; experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge; reporting a chronic physical illness; and having higher psychological symptom scores at baseline.ConclusionsProgrammes to reduce the burden of common mental disorder in women should target poorer women, women with chronic physical illness and who have gynaecological symptoms, and women who use tobacco.

scholarly journals Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980–1998

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lawrence ◽  
Cashel D'Arcy ◽  
J. Holman ◽  
Assen V. Jablensky ◽  
Michael S. T. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BackgroundPeople with mental illness suffer excess mortality due to physical illnesses.AimsTo investigate the association between mental illness and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) hospital admissions, revascularisation procedures and deaths.MethodA population-based record-linkage study of 210 129 users of mental health services in Western Australia during 1980–1998. IHD mortality rates, hospital admission rates and rates of revascularisation procedures were compared with those of the general population.ResultsIHD (not suicide) was the major cause of excess mortality in psychiatric patients. In contrast to the rate in the general population, the IHS mortality rate in psychiatric patients did not diminish over time. There was little difference in hospital admission rates for IHD between psychiatric patients and the general community, but much lower rates of revascularisation procedures with psychiatric patients, particularly in people with psychoses.ConclusionsPeople with mental illness do not receive an equitable level of intervention for IHD. More attention to their general medical care is needed.

scholarly journals Study of the Santal-Psychiatric Patients and their Belief Towards Mental Illness

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
AA Mamun Hussain ◽  
Shahana Qais ◽  
MMR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
Major Mental Disorder

This study aims at finding the presence of psychiatric illness of the santals, an ethnic minorities of the northern part of Bangladesh and their belief towards mental illness. Among the 77 patients, 39 (50.64%) were male and 38 (49.35%) were female. The majority of the respondents were in between the age of 16-35 years. Most (80%) believed that possession by Bonga/Kali caused the illness. In the present study, 45 (59.74%) had major mental disorder, 18 (23.37%) had minor mental disorders and 13 (16.88%) had psychotic disorder due to general medical condition (viz. Epilepsy). Observations suggest that change of awareness and perception regarding mental disorder, should be a high priority, as right mental health is one of the key component of total delivery of health care.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 76-81

2285Increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Barcella ◽  
G H Mohr ◽  
K Kragholm ◽  
D M Christensen ◽  
C Polcwiartek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Introduction Patients with psychiatric disorders are at high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; yet, the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared to the general population remains unknown. Purpose We investigated whether the presence and severity of different psychiatric disorders were associated with a higher risk of OHCA. Methods We conducted a case-control study matching all adult patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac cause between 2001 and 2014 with up to nine controls from the entire Danish population on age, sex and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Patients with psychiatric disorders were identified using in- and out-patient hospital diagnoses – both primary and secondary - before index date. We identified six mutually exclusive psychiatric disorders that were separately examined: personality disorders, anxiety, substance-related mental disorders, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The risk of OHCA associated with the six psychiatric disorders was evaluated by conditional logistic regression adjusting for comorbidities, concomitant pharmacotherapy, socioeconomic status and marital status. Results We included 32,447 OHCA cases matched with 291,999 controls from the general population. Overall, the median age was 72 years, 67% were male and 29% had IHD prior to index date. All the six psychiatric disorders examined were more common among cases than controls; depression was the most common psychiatric disorders in both groups: 5.0% among cases and 2.8% among controls. Concurrently, all six psychiatric disorders were associated with significantly higher odds of OHCA: personality disorders (odds ratio (OR) 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.60], anxiety OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.15–1.39], substance induced-mental disorders OR 2.36 [95% CI 2.17–2.57], depression OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.19–1.35], bipolar disorder OR 1.32 [95% CI 1.16–1.50] and schizophrenia OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.58–2.05] (Figure). The association persisted unaffected when we studied psychiatric patients neither exposed to antipsychotics nor to antidepressants. We observed a trend towards a stronger association when we stratified according to the severity of the psychiatric disorder (Figure). Severe disorders where classified as at least one hospitalization for the specific psychiatric illness as primary diagnosis during the five years prior to index date. Conclusions Common psychiatric disorders including personality disorders, anxiety, substance-related mental disorders, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are significantly associated with higher odds of OHCA. These findings provide a rationale for early cardiovascular risk factor screening and, potentially, management among psychiatric patients to identify patients at high risk of OHCA. Acknowledgement/Funding ESCAPE-NET project

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