Innovations in social psychiatry

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integrated Mental Health ◽  
Made In

SYNOPSISSocial psychiatry, like social medicine of which it is a part, has two basic sciences – biology and sociology. People with psychiatric disorders suffer from acute breakdowns or chronic impairments which can be severely disabling in themselves, but these are often precipitated, amplified or maintained by social pressures and social disadvantages and by personal reactions, such as a loss of self-esteem and self-confidence. It is impossible, therefore, to draw a line between the medical and the social aspects of treatment, care and prevention.The chief innovations during the past 40 years have been made in the context of a change-over from a system of care based on large institutions towards a more open but much looser and less-coordinated system of smaller units managed by staff from different professions who have developed their own, sometimes conflicting, views as to the best ways of helping the mentally disabled. Nevertheless, knowledge has accumulated which, if properly applied, could lead to a better quality of life for the ill and disabled and a decrease in the burden placed upon relatives. Further innovations are now required which will lead to the development of a responsible, comprehensive and integrated mental health service.It is not yet known whether social measures taken to relieve or prevent lesser psychiatric disorders will lead to a decrease in the incidence or prevalence of more severe conditions and this question deserves further investigation. There is evidence, however, that relatively inexpensive help can be useful in the short term.Progress will depend upon the accumulation of new knowledge. One of the most encouraging trends has been the improvement of evaluative designs and methods aimed at testing ideas for improving services, thus allowing planners to make better informed decisions.

scholarly journals Gracilis muscle transposition as a workhorse flap for anal incontinence: Quality of life and functional outcome in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guru Dayal Singh Kalra ◽  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Kaustubh Sharad Shende
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Anal Incontinence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Transposition ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Loss Of Self

ABSTRACT Background/Purpose: Anal incontinence is one of the most psychologically and socially debilitating conditions in an otherwise healthy individual. It can lead to social isolation, loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and depression. This study is devoted to the problem of anal incontinence in the adult patients. The aim of our study is to analyse the results of gracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence and improvement in quality of life (QOL) of patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 18 patients with complaint of anal incontinence were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with gracilis muscle transposition. Results: All patients are continent, and there is an improvement in their QOL. Conclusion: Gracilis muscle transposition is a good option for patients of anal incontinence who are not treated by non-surgical means.

Social and Psychological Effects of Major Craniofacial Deformity

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pruzinsky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This paper discusses the social and psychological experiences of patients with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformity. The paper concludes that individuals with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformities are at risk for experiencing social and psychological stress and for having their quality of life negatively impacted by the experience of having a facial deformity. Much of the stress experienced by these individuals is the result of the negative social response to their facial deformity. It is emphasized that many patients will not develop psychopathology, because of intervening personality and family factors that may ameliorate these negative social stressors. The excellent progress made in assessing, preventing, and treating the negative psychosocial impact of facial deformity is noted. Finally, in attempting to understand the impact of facial deformity on quality of life, emphasis is placed on the subjective evaluation of these factors by each individual patient and family.

Analysis for the Teaching-Method Reformation of Degree Students Based on PBL Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Group Communication ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Rational Allocation

Under the current circumstances of foreign academic degree students in University of Science and Technology Liaoning (the foreign academic degree students come from different countries and have different foundations, different languages and different learning habits), based on the PBL theory, this work has proposed the teaching-method reformation of foreign degree students, which is combining the group study and assignment-oriented study together to reinforce students' learning process, and to improve the teaching effect. There are five steps in teaching-method reformation: questions prepared by instructors, references researching, group communication and study, in- class discussion and teacher's evaluation and summary. It is conducive to the rational allocation of the proportion of “teaching” and “learning”, promoting students' active learning. The methodology would help improve the quality of the teachers and evoke self-esteem and self-confidence of the students, stimulate their enterprising spirit.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Benefits of Cooking Interventions: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Farmer ◽  
Katherine Touchton-Leonard ◽  
Alyson Ross
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Psychosocial Benefits

Objectives. Cooking interventions are used in therapeutic and rehabilitative settings; however, little is known about the influence of these interventions on psychosocial outcomes. This systematic review examines the research evidence regarding the influence of cooking interventions on psychosocial outcomes. Methods. A systematic review of the literature examined peer-reviewed research using Embase, PubMed, CINALH Plus, and PsychInfo with the following search terms: cooking, culinary, baking, food preparation, cookery, occupational therapy, mental health, mood, psychosocial, affect, confidence, self-confidence, self-esteem, socialization, and rehabilitation. Inclusion criteria were the following: adults, English, influence of cooking interventions on psychosocial outcomes. PRISMA guidelines were used. Results. The search yielded 377 articles; and 11 ultimately met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Generally, the quality of the research was weak due to nonrandomization, unvalidated research tools, and small sample sizes. However, inpatient and community-based cooking interventions yielded positive influences on socialization, self-esteem, quality of life, and affect. Conclusions. Finding benefits to cooking that extend beyond nutritional may be helpful in increasing motivation and frequency of cooking. This review suggests that cooking interventions may positively influence psychosocial outcomes, although this evidence is preliminary and limited. Further qualitative and rigorous quantitative research are needed to identify mechanisms by which cooking interventions may improve psychosocial outcomes.

Dreams of people with moderate intellectual disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol LXXIX (5) ◽  
pp. 325-340
Author(s):  
Hanna Żuraw
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

Dreams defined as a form of mental activity that focuses on fulfilling desires, aims, and plans regarding one’s life are a synthetic reflection of a human being’s past and presence, and his or her vision of the future. Exploring dreams has cognitive, ethical, and practical dimensions. It provides knowledge of a person’s inner life and the quality of his or her experiences. Analysis of the dreams of people with moderate intellectual disabilities expresses respect for their humanity. The findings of explorations regarding the dreams of this group of people can serve as a predictor in developing practical solutions to improve the quality of their lives. The paper presents information on the dreams of women with moderate intellectual disabilities. Their dreams refer to something that is beyond them – to the issues of self-esteem, independence, social response to disability, and the features of their situation in life. Their dreams show exclusion from the privilege of adulthood, that is – from independence. They show a strong bond between the women and their mothers, their desire to enhance their lives, and their aiming at stabilization and being among familiar, close people. Observations made in the study suggest the need for institutions that will replace motherly care in the future and will allow an enriched life.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Rasch Model dalam Mengevaluasi Intelligenz Structure Test (IST)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Yulinda Erma Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Test Items ◽  
The Social ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Proper Estimation ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Made In

<p class="IABSTRAK"><strong>Abstract:</strong> The concept of objective measurement in the social sciences and educational assessment must have five criteria: 1) Gives a linear measure with the same interval; 2) Conduct a proper estimation process; 3) Finding unfeasible items (misfits) or outliers; 4) Overcoming the lost data; 5) Generate replicable measurements (independent of the parameters studied). These five conditions of measurement, so far only Rasch model that can fulfill it. The quality of intelligence measurements made with the Rasch model will have the same quality as the measurements made in the physical dimension in the field of physics. The logit scale (log odds unit) generated in the Rasch model is the scale of the same interval and is linear from the data ratio (odds ratio).  Based on the results of the analysis that has been done on the IST test instrument can be seen that in general the quality of IST test included in either category. Of the 176 IST test items there is only 1 item that is not good, ie aitem 155 (WU19) so that aitem 155 should be discarded. Based on the DIF analysis it can be seen that there are 28 items in favor of one gender only, so the twenty-eight items should be revised.</p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Konsep pengukuran objektif dalam ilmu sosial dan penilaian pendidikan harus memiliki lima kriteria: 1) Memberikan ukuran yang linier dengan interval yang sama; 2) Melakukan proses estimasi yang tepat; 3) Menemukan item yang tidak tepat (misfits) atau tidak umum (outlier); 4) Mengatasi data yang hilang; 5) Hasilkan pengukuran yang <em>replicable </em>(independen dari parameter yang diteliti). Kelima kondisi pengukuran ini, sejauh ini hanya model Rasch yang bisa memenuhinya. Kualitas pengukuran kecerdasan yang dibuat dengan model Rasch akan memiliki kualitas yang sama dengan pengukuran yang dibuat dalam dimensi fisik di bidang fisika. Skala logit (<em>log odds unit</em>) yang dihasilkan dalam Rasch model adalah skala interval yang sama dan linear dari rasio data (<em>odds ratio</em>). Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan pada instrumen tes IST dapat diketahui bahwa secara umum kualitas tes IST termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dari 176 item tes IST hanya ada 1 item yang tidak bagus, yaitu aitem 155 (WU19) sehingga aitem 155 harus dibuang. Berdasarkan analisis DIF dapat dilihat bahwa ada 28 item yang mendukung satu jenis kelamin saja, sehingga dua puluh delapan item harus direvisi.

scholarly journals Assess the Rural Youth Extent of Participation in Rural Developmental Activities Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu - An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
P. Radhakrishnan ◽  
M. Asokhan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
School Building ◽  
Literacy Programme ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Made In

The extent of participation in rural developmental activities of rural youth in the development process is essential in order to bring the changes in socio-economic structure and improving the quality of life. The place of rural youth class is more peculiar and important for the future of country. Rural youth are the precious human assets who can play an important role in the development of agriculture and other allied activities. Youths can make their productive  contribution to national development and through which society can benefit from the idealism and the sense of dedication of youth at the same time, they also occasionally involved in extent of participation in rural developmental activities in a village side like village sanitation, construction of youth club building, afforestation activities and natural calamity relief work etc., Since such a kind of rural developmental activities are increases their self-esteem, self-confidence, motivation and aspiration to give them a sense of identity and of being needed by the society. India has rich rural youth potential. The population of rural youth in developmental activities contribute to national development. Hence, the above facts revealed that the participation of youth in rural development activities is very significant and essential phenomena. Therefore, this attempt was made in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu with the 200 sample size of rural youth respondents. Cent per cent of the respondents have taken up activities related with adult literacy programme, construction of school building, afforestation activities and other social cultural activities. With regard to the adult literacy programme most of the respondents (93.00 per cent) stated that they have regularly participated in the related activities. Almost a similar percentage of the respondents have also regularly participated in the activities related with social cultural programme (94.50 per cent), construction of school building (89.50 per cent), afforestation activities (87.50 per cent), whereas the other respondents have participated in the above activities either occasionally or rarely.

scholarly journals Preventive care for asthma and multidisciplinary team social work: art and education experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Caulyt Santos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
The Social

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the experience in art education of Social Work in a multiprofessional team, in the preventive care for asthma, and the changes felt by the participants of the "Choir Voices in Overcoming", through the (inter) experiences and experiences of singing and living with asthma. Methods: Qualitative, empirical, bibliographical and phenomenological research. Using field diary, semi-structured interview and content analysis. A total of 14 women and a man between the ages of 23 and 75 participated in the Asthma Reference Center. Results: Art education, through music, is a resource for the social worker to enhance the self-esteem of people in asthma treatment. Conclusion: People with asthma socializing while engaged in art education, influences their quality of life.

scholarly journals Depression on Transvestites towards Community Acceptance Based on Demographics, Principles and Beliefs at the Deli Serdang, Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2688-2690
Author(s):  
Starki Starki ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Loss Of Self

BACKGROUND: Transvestites are often excluded and even get discriminatory treatment. People feel that the values adopted are contrary to the existence of transvestites amid society. The community generally has a normative structure; a man becomes a man with his masculinity and a woman is returned to women with her femininity and is positioned to pair up. CASE REPORT: We found depressed patients in a transvestite, 21-year-old male, a Malay tribe with complaints of loss of self-confidence, lack of cheerfulness, lack of enthusiasm, easily tired and unable to sleep. Feeling family and community cannot accept their conditions. Mockery, ridicule and satire by citizens must be received every day by patients and families because the patient is a transvestite. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion from this case report that the attitude of the dominant community isolates transvestites, there is still much discriminative behaviour and harassing transvestites so that self-esteem decreases, loss of interest even until the occurrence of depression in transvestites.

Comparison of psychological constructs in university athletes during a national competition (Comparación de constructos psicológicos en deportistas universitarios durante una competición nacional)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 618-626
Author(s):  
Mario Alberto Villarreal-Angeles ◽  
Brenda Rodriguez Vela ◽  
Rene Tapia Martínez ◽  
Jesus Gallegos Sanchez ◽  
Jose Moncada-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Role Demands

  Student-athletes have dual-role demands because in addition to being competitive level athletes, they have academic responsibilities to fulfill. This situation could generate psychological distress that may affect their quality of life. The purpose of the study was to compare psychological constructs in college athletes participating in the Mexican University National Games. The sample comprised 402 athletes (Males = 210, Females = 192) who completed measures of burnout, sports climate, self-esteem, depression, competitive anxiety, and body image. Athletes showed low self-esteem and burnout risk; females showed high self-esteem and males low anxiety. Team sports showed high depression, low anxiety and good sports climate scores. Southern athletes were prone to burnout and athletes from the center of the country showed high self-confidence. In conclusion, psychological constructs were different in males and females from individual and team sports and regions of Mexico during sports completion.  Resumen. Los estudiantes deportistas tienen demandas de doble función porque además de ser atletas de nivel competitivo, tienen responsabilidades académicas que cumplir. Esta situación podría generar malestar psicológico que puede afectar su calidad de vida. El propósito del estudio fue comparar constructos psicológicos en deportistas universitarios que participaron en los Juegos Nacionales Universitarios Mexicanos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 402 atletas (hombres = 210, mujeres = 192) que completaron medidas de agotamiento, clima deportivo, autoestima, depresión, ansiedad competitiva e imagen corporal. Los atletas mostraron baja autoestima y riesgo de agotamiento; las mujeres mostraron alta autoestima y los hombres poca ansiedad. Los deportes de equipo mostraron alta depresión, baja ansiedad y buenos puntajes de clima deportivo. Los atletas del sur eran propensos al agotamiento y los atletas del centro del país mostraron una alta confianza en sí mismos. En conclusión, los constructos psicológicos fueron diferentes en hombres y mujeres de deportes individuales y de equipo y regiones de México durante la finalización de los deportes.

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