Psychological distress and work and home roles: a focus on socio-economic differences in distress

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MATTHEWS ◽  
C. POWER ◽  
S. STANSFELD
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background. Home and work factors have been linked to psychological status, but less is known about their contribution to social inequalities in psychological status. We examine whether social inequalities in psychological distress can be explained by work–home factors and whether the impact of these potential explanatory factors is similar for men and women.Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort study. We sought to explain social class differences in psychological distress at age 33. Explanatory factors were classified as work–home roles: i.e. employment, marital status, domestic responsibility, children and elderly care; and work–home characteristics: i.e. job-strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, youngest child's age, number of children and level of involvement in childcare.Results. A social gradient in psychological distress was found: odds ratios for classes IV and V v. I and II were 2·65 (men) and 3·02 (women). Work factors had consistently stronger associations with psychological distress and with social class among men than women. Work factors had a greater impact on class differences in psychological distress in men. Associations for home roles and characteristics were less consistent and their combined effect on class differences in distress was negligible for both sexes.Conclusion. Explanations for the social gradient differ for men and women. Work may be more important for men than women, but the impact of home factors was not strong during the early adulthood of this cohort.

Man-Made Medicine and Women's Health: The Biopolitics of Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Krieger ◽  
Elizabeth Fee
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

National vital statistics in the United States present data in terms of race, sex, and age, treated as biological variables. Some races are clearly of more interest than others: data are usually available for whites and blacks, and increasingly for Hispanics, but seldom for Native Americans or Asians and Pacific Islanders. These data indicate that white men and women generally have the best health and that men and women, within each racial/ethnic group, have different patterns of disease. Obviously, the health status of men and women differs for conditions related to reproduction, but it differs for many nonreproductive conditions as well. In national health data, patterns of disease by race and sex are emphasized while social class differences are ignored. This article discusses how race and sex became such all-important, self-evident categories in 19th and 20th century biomedical thought and practice. It examines the consequences of these categories for knowledge about health and for the provision of health care. It then presents alternative approaches to understanding the relationship between race/ethnicity, gender, and health, with reference to the neglected category of social class.

scholarly journals Psychosocial work factors and social inequalities in psychological distress: a population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Duchaine ◽  
Ruth Ndjaboué ◽  
Manon Levesque ◽  
Michel Vézina ◽  
Xavier Trudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychosocial Work Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Work Factors

Job Insecurity, Flexibility and Home–Work Balance for Italian Couples in Non-standard Work: The Effect of Social Class

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Salmieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Technological Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This article examines differences of non-standard employment among parenting couples on the basis of qualitative research carried out in Rome and Naples. Although there is a growing interest in Europe in issues of flexibility and job security, there has been little focus upon the social differences among non-standard workers. Social class differences are assumed to be represented by the polarization between protected and secure employees on the one hand and casual and unprotected ones on the other, as if the latter represented a homogeneous group of marginalized workers. The research presented here offers evidence about three types of social differences among Italian couples of non-standard workers: job insecurity, the impact of various types of work-flexibility, and the organization of home–work boundaries. These vary widely depending upon the content, technological organization and prestige of professional positions that non-standard workers hold. This paper shows how social and economic differences within the group of non-standard workers affect family life.

scholarly journals The social patterning of mortality in a cohort of elderly Swedes

1996 ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Lundberg ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Social class differences in mortality among the elderly have received only limited interest. In this paper we analyze the impact of social class on mortality from mid-life onwards. In 1968 1,860 persons born between 1892 and 1915 were interviewed and followed in the national cause of death registry for the period 1968-1991. In addition. 537 of the 563 survivors were fe-interviewed in 1992. We employ proportional hazard regressions to analyze the impact of social class on death risks over time. There are fairly small class differences in the probability of reaching old age. However, it appears that mortality differentials were steeper before retirement age than after. Still, the size of class differences in mortality seem smaller than expected on the basis of other studies. At the same time steep class gradients in illness and functional abilities exist among survivors. Some possible explanations for these somewhat contradictory findings are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Demographic, Socio-Economic and Geographic Factors on Mortality Risk among People Living with Dementia in England (2002–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13405
Author(s):  
James Watson ◽  
Frances Darlington-Pollock ◽  
Mark Green ◽  
Clarissa Giebel ◽  
Asangaedem Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
South Central ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Impact

Increasing numbers of people living with dementia (PLWD), and a pressured health and social care system, will exacerbate inequalities in mortality for PLWD. There is a dearth of research examining multiple factors in mortality risk among PLWD, including application of large administrative datasets to investigate these issues. This study explored variation mortality risk variation among people diagnosed with dementia between 2002–2016, based on: age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, geography and general practice (GP) contacts. Data were derived from electronic health records from a cohort of Clinical Practice Research Datalink GP patients in England (n = 142,340). Cox proportional hazards regression modelled mortality risk separately for people with early- and later- onset dementia. Few social inequalities were observed in early-onset dementia; men had greater risk of mortality. For early- and later-onset, higher rates of GP observations—and for later-onset only dementia medications—are associated with increased mortality risk. Social inequalities were evident in later-onset dementia. Accounting for other explanatory factors, Black and Mixed/Other ethnicity groups had lower mortality risk, more deprived areas had greater mortality risk, and higher mortality was observed in North East, South Central and South West GP regions. This study provides novel evidence of the extent of mortality risk inequalities among PLWD. Variance in mortality risk was observed by social, demographic and geographic factors, and frequency of GP contact. Findings illustrate need for greater person-centred care discussions, prioritising tackling inequalities among PLWD. Future research should explore more outcomes for PLWD, and more explanatory factors of health outcomes.

scholarly journals Educational Expansion and Social Mobility: The Scottish Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Social

For over a century, the goal of reducing class inequalities in educational attainment has been based at least in part on the belief that this would help to equalise life chances. Drawing upon the main findings of three ESRC-funded projects, this paper reviews the empirical evidence on trends in social class inequalities in educational attainment and the role of education in promoting social mobility in Scotland. The findings show that in the second half of the twentieth century, despite the increase in overall levels of attainment, class differences in educational attainment persisted. Educational policies in Scotland supported educational expansion which allowed larger numbers of working-class children to climb the social class ladder than in the past. However, these did not translate into any break with the patterns of social inequalities in the chances of entering the top-level occupations. The conclusions highlight that educational policies on their own are not powerful enough to change patterns of social mobility which are mainly driven by labour market and social class structures.

The impact of social class and social cognitive domain on northeastern Brazilian mothers' and daughters' conceptions of parental control

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Lins-Dyer ◽  
Larry Nucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Actual Control

The impact of social class was explored on Brazilian mothers' and daughters' conceptions of who should, and who actually would control decisions regarding the daughters' actions. Participants were 126 middle class and 126 lower class girls aged 11–16 years, and their mothers. No social class differences were found in daughters' judgments about who should control decisions. Lower class daughters perceived mothers as exerting greater actual control than did middle class daughters. Lower class mothers claimed higher control over prudential and conventional matters than did middle class mothers. Findings that daughters and mothers in both social classes viewed personal matters as under the daughters' control challenged the notion that interdependence is fostered by the mother–daughter relationship and are consistent with more recent views that an individualism–collectivism dichotomy should not be used to characterize cultures.

The impact of subjective and objective social status on psychological distress among men and women in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Sakurai ◽  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Kazue Yamaoka ◽  
Hirono Ishikawa ◽  
Hideki Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of patients monitored for cancer who practice an adapted physical activity: rugby for health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Motton ◽  
Kelig Vergriete ◽  
Luc Nguyen VanPhi ◽  
Eric Lambaudie ◽  
Audrey Berthoumieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The benefits of regular physical exercise on the tolerability of cancer treatments, quality of life and survival rates post-diagnosis have been demonstrated but all supervised physical activities have been interrupted due to the global health crisis and the need for lockdown to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2. To reintroduce activities post-lockdown, we wanted to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life and the psychological status of patients who practice an adapted physical activity such as rugby for health. Methods The evaluation was conducted in two phases: an initial self-questionnaire comprised of 42 questions sent to all participants to assess the impact of lockdown and a second assessment phase in the presence of the participants. We assessed anthropometric data, functional fitness parameters, quality of life and the psychosocial status of the subjects. The data were compared to pre-lockdown data as part of a standardised follow-up procedure for patients enrolled in the programme. Results 105/120 (87.5%) individuals responded to the rapid post-lockdown survey analysis. In 20% of the cases, the patients reported anxiety, pain, a decline in fitness and a significant impact on the tolerability of cancer treatments. Twenty-seven patients agreed to participate in the individual analysis. Following lockdown, there was a significant decrease in the intensity of physical activity (p = 8.223e–05). No post-lockdown changes were noted in the assessments that focus on the quality of life and the level of psychological distress. Conversely, there was a significant correlation between the total of high energy expended during lockdown and the quality of life (p = 0.03; rho = 0.2248) and the level of psychological distress post-lockdown (p = 0.05; rho = − 0.3772). Conclusion Lockdown and reduced physical activity, particularly leisure activities, did not impact the overall health of the patients. However, there was a significant correlation with the level of physical activity since the higher the level of physical activity, the better the quality of life and the lower the level of psychological distress.

scholarly journals Impact of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Status: The Role of Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3992
Author(s):  
Hosam Alzahrani ◽  
Fahad Alshehri ◽  
Muhsen Alsufiany ◽  
Hatem H. Allam ◽  
Rania Almeheyawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Lower Hrqol ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological status among Saudi adults, and whether physical activity modifies this association. The participants were 518 adults aged ≥18 years (67.4% men). Using an online survey, data regarding demographic information, the impact of COVID-19 (assessed by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5), HRQoL (Short Form-8), psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), and physical activity behavior (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) were collected. The results demonstrate that adults reporting moderate or high levels of impact of COVID-19 had a lower HRQoL and higher psychological distress than adults reporting a low impact. HRQoL was higher for adults reporting any level impact (low, moderate, or high) of COVID-19 when they participated in recommended levels of physical activity (≥600 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week of total physical activity). Psychological distress was lower for adults reporting a high level of impact when they participated in recommended physical activity. Moderate or high levels of impact of COVID-19 were associated with a significantly lower HRQoL and higher psychological distress than the low impact of COVID-19. However, these associations were moderated by the recommended levels of physical activity.

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