Associations of pre-trauma attributes and trauma exposure with screening positive for PTSD: analysis of a community-based study of 2085 young adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH A. PARSLOW ◽  
ANTHONY F. JORM ◽  
HELEN CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Exposure To Trauma

Background. While pre-trauma personality and mental health measures are risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such information is usually obtained following the trauma and can be influenced by post-trauma distress. We used data collected from a community-based survey of young adults before and after a major natural disaster to examine the extent to which participants' traumatic experiences, demographic and pre-trauma risk factors were associated with their screening positive for PTSD when re-interviewed.Method. A representative selection of 2085 young adults from the Australian Capital Territory and environs, interviewed in 1999 as part of a longitudinal community-based survey, were re-interviewed 3–18 months after a major bushfire had occurred in the region. When re-interviewed, they were asked about their experiences of trauma threat, uncontrollable and controllable traumatic experiences and their reaction to the fire. They were also screened for symptoms of fire-related PTSD experienced in the week prior to interview.Results. Four-fifths of participants were exposed to the trauma with around 50% reporting having experienced uncontrollable traumatic events. Reporting PTSD symptoms was associated with being female, having less education, poorer mental health and higher levels of neuroticism prior to the trauma. Particular fire experiences, including being evacuated and feeling very distressed during the disaster, were more strongly associated with PTSD symptoms compared with pre-trauma measures.Conclusions. While demographic and pre-trauma mental health increased the likelihood of reporting PTSD symptoms, exposure to trauma threat and reaction to the trauma made greater contributions in explaining such symptoms as a result of this disaster.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A mental health concern in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-844
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Edwin Van Teijlingen ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Concern ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
National Mental Health

The sudden outbreak of Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is transforming the psychology and interpersonal relationships of millions across the globe. In Nepal, there is a need for national mental health surveys post COVID-19. This pandemic can cause traumatic experiences to the patients, caregivers, those quarantined and frontline healthcare providers which may lead to PTSD. Special attention should be focused on high-risk individuals, including policies to implement regular screening of PTSD symptoms. 

Pandemic-related PTSD symptoms and substance use among community-based adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Objectives: To examine: (1) the role of gender and socioeconomic status in pandemic-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use; (2) associations between probable PTSD and substance use, and (3) the supports needed to address these problems. Methods: Data were collected in June 2020 from 933 community-based adults in Alberta without a previous diagnosis of PTSD. The Primary Care PTSD Screen was adapted to assess pandemic-related PTSD symptoms. Participants were asked if alcohol or cannabis use had increased in the past month. Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between probable PTSD and substance use. Results: Significantly more women (19%) than men (13%) met criteria for probable pandemic–related PTSD, while a similar percentage (13.5% of women, 13.0% of men) reported increased substance use during the pandemic. Adults with lower income, education, or pandemic-related job loss were more vulnerable to PTSD and substance use increases. Probable pandemic-related PTSD was associated with increased substance use for both women (OR = 2.2) and men (OR = 2.3) in adjusted models. Many adults (50% of women, 40% of men) indicated they needed support to address mental health or substance use during the pandemic, particularly from friends, a physician, and/or a counsellor. Conclusions: This study examined adults who had just experienced two months of increasing COVID-19 cases and containment measures. Findings suggest women and socioeconomically vulnerable adults may be in greater need of mental health supports, and that pandemic-related PTSD is an important consideration for interventions to reduce substance use among both women and men.

scholarly journals Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community-based sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Scott ◽  
David Chant ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Graham Martin ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Exposure To Trauma

BackgroundSurveys have found that otherwise well individuals report delusional experiences. Previous studies have shown an association between psychotic symptoms and exposure to trauma.AimsTo explore the association between trauma and delusional experiences in a community sample.MethodRespondents (n = 10 641) were assessed for delusional experiences, exposure to various types of traumatic experiences and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The endorsement of delusional items was examined in people exposed to traumatic events who did or did not have PTSD.ResultsExposure to any traumatic event but without the development of PTSD was associated with increased endorsement of delusional experiences (relative risk 2.68, 95% CI 2.18–3.30) and there was a significant dose–response relationship between the number of types of traumatic events and endorsement of such experiences (χ2 =26.74, d.f. =2, P < 0.001). A diagnosis of PTSD further increased endorsement of delusional experiences (RR = 9.24, 95% CI 6.95–12.27). The association between PTSD and delusional experiences remained significant after adjusting for factors associated with psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsFurther investigation into the pathways between trauma, delusions and psychosis may provide insights into shared aetiological mechanisms underpinning these conditions.

Mental Health Outcomes of Peer-led Therapeutic Adventure for Military Veterans

2021 ◽  
pp. 105382592110495
Author(s):  
Joanna Ellen Bettmann ◽  
Ileana Anderson ◽  
Joe Makouske ◽  
Adam Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Adventure Program

Background: Skepticism of therapy and stigma are significant barriers for veterans with mental health issues. Therapeutic adventure shows promise in addressing veterans’ mental health needs while circumventing the stigma many veterans face in initiating treatment. Purpose: Given the small group model of therapeutic adventure programs, such programs may be ideal to provide social support for veterans and reduce mental health symptomology. The present study investigated: can a brief peer-led therapeutic adventure program modify veterans’ mental health symptoms? Methodology/Approach: The study's sample included 56 participants attending one Sierra Club Military Outdoors trip lasting at least three days and two nights and involving camping. Participants completed study measurements assessing depression, anxiety, stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, substance misuse symptoms, and suicidality at pre-trip, post-trip, one-month post trip, six-months post trip, and 12-months post trip. Six-month and 12-month post-trip data was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings/Conclusions: Results indicated significant reduction in mental health symptomology from pre-trip to post-trip, but showed few longer-term changes in mental health symptomology. Implications: The present study's findings are consistent with research suggesting improvements in overall psychological well-being immediately following a nature-based intervention and suggest the need for on-going, community-based interventions to support optimally military veterans’ mental health.

scholarly journals Perceived stress and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among intensive care unit staff caring for severely ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients during the pandemic: a national study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Kader ◽  
Bushra Elhusein ◽  
Nirvana Swamy Kudlur Chandrappa ◽  
Abdulqadir J. Nashwan ◽  
Prem Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) staff have faced unprecedented challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which could significantly affect their mental health and well-being. The present study aimed to investigate perceived stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported by ICU staff working directly with COVID-19 patients. Methods The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess perceived stress, the PTSD Diagnostic Scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) was used to determine PTSD symptoms, and a sociodemographic questionnaire was used to record different sociodemographic variables. Results Altogether, 124 participants (57.2% of whom were men) were included in the analysis. The majority of participants perceived working in the ICU with COVID-19 patients as moderately to severely stressful. Moreover, 71.4% of doctors and 74.4% of nurses experienced moderate-to-severe perceived stress. The staff with previous ICU experience were less likely to have a probable diagnosis of PTSD than those without previous ICU experience. Conclusions Assessing perceived stress levels and PTSD among ICU staff may enhance our understanding of COVID-19-induced mental health challenges. Specific strategies to enhance ICU staff’s mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic should be employed and monitored regularly. Interventions aimed at alleviating sources of anxiety in a high-stress environment may reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD.

Identification and Referral of Patients at Risk for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Literature Review and Retrospective Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Bolduc ◽  
Brice Hwang ◽  
Christopher Hogan ◽  
Varun K. Bhalla ◽  
Elizabeth Nesmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-established psychological disorder after severe traumatic injury but remains poorly recognized. Recent changes in the “Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Trauma Patient 2014” stress the need for comprehensive screening and referral for PTSD and depression after injury. Our purpose was to review the current PTSD literature and perform a retrospective chart review to evaluate screening at our institution. We hypothesized a lack of documentation and thus referral of these patients to mental health professionals. We performed a literature review of 43 publications of risk factors for PTSD in the civilian adult population followed by a retrospective review. Records were analyzed for basic demographics, risk factors found in the literature, and referrals to mental health providers. Risk factors included amputation, dissociative symptoms, female gender, history of mental health disorder, and peri-traumatic emotionality. Traumatic amputation status and gender were recorded in all patients. History of mental health disorder was present in 11.5 per cent patients, absent in 80.75 per cent, and not recorded in 7.75 per cent with an overall documentation of 91.75 per cent. Dissociative symptoms and peri-traumatic emotionality were recorded in 0.5 per cent and 1.0 per cent of patients, respectively. Only 13 patients of 400 (3.25%) were referred to mental health professionals. Despite extensive evidence and literature supporting risk factors for the development of PTSD, identification and treatment at our level 1 trauma center is lacking. There is a need for consistent screening among trauma centers to identify PTSD risk factors and protocols for risk reduction and referrals for patients at risk.

Rapid Triage of Mental Health Risk in Emergency Medical Workers: Findings From Typhoon Haiyan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Sylwanowicz ◽  
Merritt Schreiber ◽  
Craig Anderson ◽  
Carlos Primero D. Gundran ◽  
Emelie Santamaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Subclinical Depression

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of a novel responder mental health self-triage system to predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emergency medical responders after a disaster.MethodsParticipants in this study responded to Typhoon Haiyan, which struck the Philippines in November 2013. They completed the Psychological Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (PsySTART) responder triage tool, the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) shortly after responding to this disaster. The relationships between these 3 tools were compared to determine the association between different risk exposures while providing disaster medical care and subsequent levels of PTSD or depression.ResultsThe total number of PsySTART responder risk factors was closely related to PCL-5 scores ≥38, the threshold for clinical PTSD. Several of the PsySTART risk factors were predictive of clinical levels of PTSD as measured by the PCL-5 in this sample of deployed emergency medical responders.ConclusionsThe presence of a critical number and type of PsySTART responder self-triage risk factors predicted clinical levels of PTSD and subclinical depression in this sample of emergency medical workers. The ability to identify these disorders early can help categorize an at-risk subset for further timely “stepped care” interventions with the goals of both mitigating the long-term consequences and maximizing the return to resilience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:19–22)

Resource activation for treating post-traumatic stress disorder, co-morbid symptoms and impaired functioning: a randomized controlled trial in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Steinert ◽  
P. J. Bumke ◽  
R. L. Hollekamp ◽  
A. Larisch ◽  
F. Leichsenring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundMental health morbidity in post-conflict settings is high. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy on site are rare. Our aim was to integrate rigorous research procedures into a humanitarian programme and test the efficacy of resource activation (ROTATE) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), co-morbid symptoms and impaired functioning in Cambodia.MethodA total of 86 out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to five sessions of ROTATE (n= 53) or a 5-week waiting-list control (WLC) condition (n= 33). Treatment was provided by six Cambodian psychologists who had received extensive training in ROTATE. Masked assessments were made before and after therapy.ResultsPTSD remission rates according to the DSM-IV algorithm of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were 95.9% in ROTATE and 24.1% in the WLC condition. Thus, patients receiving ROTATE had a significantly higher likelihood of PTSD remission (odds ratio 0.012, 95% confidence interval 0.002–0.071,p< 0.00001). Additionally, levels of anxiety, depression and impaired functioning were significantly reduced compared with the WLC condition (p< 0.00001, between-group effect sizesd= 2.41, 2.26 and 2.54, respectively). No harms were reported.ConclusionsROTATE was efficacious in treating Cambodian patients with high symptom levels of PTSD, emotional distress and impaired functioning. ROTATE is a brief, culturally adaptable intervention focusing on stabilization and strengthening resources rather than trauma confrontation. It can be taught to local professionals and paraprofessionals and enhance access to mental health care for patients in need.

scholarly journals Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Handling Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Respondents

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Eka Susanty ◽  
Setyono Koesno ◽  
Candra Yudhistira ◽  
Lulu Lusianti ◽  
Suprijanto Suprijanto
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Emdr Therapy ◽  
Ptsd Prevalence

EMDR therapy is designed to reduce distress related traumatic event. PTSD prevalence is large enough in Indonesia. It was caused by many natural disasters that happened in several area of Indonesia. However, the application of EMDR for reducing PTSD symptoms was still rare. The objective of this study was to examine the intervention of EMDR therapy in handling PTSD respondents and using a one group pretest-posttest design. There were nine PTSD respondents involved during treatment. EMDR treatments were conducted in four repetitive sessions. Each session was completed in 60-90 minutes. Data was taken using PSS (PTSD Symptom Scale) and tested with Wilcoxon statistical analysis. The statistic test showed (Z = - 2.668; p = .05) with Asymp. Sig. =.008. Descriptive data showed that mean scores before and after therapy are 30.88 and 15.77 respectively. This research concluded that EMDR therapy can work to decrease PTSD symptoms.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after acute lung injury: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Bienvenu ◽  
J. Gellar ◽  
B. M. Althouse ◽  
E. Colantuoni ◽  
T. Sricharoenchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundSurvivors of critical illnesses often have clinically significant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This study describes the 2-year prevalence and duration of PTSD symptoms after acute lung injury (ALI), and examines patient baseline and critical illness/intensive care-related risk factors.MethodThis prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited patients from 13 intensive care units (ICUs) in four hospitals, with follow-up 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after ALI onset. The outcome of interest was an Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R) mean score ⩾1.6 (‘PTSD symptoms’).ResultsDuring the 2-year follow-up, 66/186 patients (35%) had PTSD symptoms, with the greatest prevalence by the 3-month follow-up. Fifty-six patients with post-ALI PTSD symptoms survived to the 24-month follow-up, and 35 (62%) of these had PTSD symptoms at the 24-month follow-up; 50% had taken psychiatric medications and 40% had seen a psychiatrist since hospital discharge. Risk/protective factors for PTSD symptoms were pre-ALI depression [hazard odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.64], ICU length of stay (for a doubling of days, OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.83), proportion of ICU days with sepsis (per decile, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16), high ICU opiate doses (mean morphine equivalent ⩾100 mg/day, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.02–4.42) and proportion of ICU days on opiates (per decile, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.94) or corticosteroids (per decile, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99).ConclusionsPTSD symptoms are common, long-lasting and associated with psychiatric treatment during the first 2 years after ALI. Risk factors include pre-ALI depression, durations of stay and sepsis in the ICU, and administration of high-dose opiates in the ICU. Protective factors include durations of opiate and corticosteroid administration in the ICU.

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