Life trajectories and burden of adversity: mapping the developmental profiles of suicide mortality

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1575-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIQUE SÉGUIN ◽  
ALAIN LESAGE ◽  
GUSTAVO TURECKI ◽  
MÉLANIE BOUCHARD ◽  
NADIA CHAWKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Life Course

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about differential suicide profiles across the life trajectory. This study introduces the life-course method in suicide research with the aim of refining the longitudinal and cumulative assessment of psychosocial factors by quantifying accumulation of burden over time in order to delineate distinctive pathways of completed suicide.MethodThe psychological autopsy method was used to obtain third-party information on consecutive suicides. Life-history calendar analysis served to arrive at an adversity score per 5-year segment that was then cluster-analysed and correlated to define victim profiles.ResultsTwo distinct life trajectories emerged: (1) individuals who experienced childhood traumas, developmental adversity and little protection were more likely to present concurrent psychiatric and Axis II disorders; and (2) individuals who experienced less adversity but seemed more reactive to later major difficulties.ConclusionsThe life calendar approach presented here in suicide research adds to the identification of life events, distal and recent, previously associated with suicide. It also quantifies the burden of adversity over the life course, defining two distinct profiles that could benefit from distinct targeted preventive intervention.

Fattigdommens årsager

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Morten Ejrnæs ◽  
Jørgen Elm Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

Fattigdom har fået fornyet aktualitet, fordi andelen af fattige i Danmark er steget kraftigt siden 2001. Denne stigning falder tidsmæssigt sammen med indførelsen af de såkaldte ”fattigdomsydelser”. Det har gjort spørgsmålet om årsagerne til fattigdom påtrængende, fordi det er blevet hævdet, dels at det lave ydelsesniveau ville øge incitamentet til lønarbejde og således reducere fattigdommen, dels at det netop ville skabe fattigdom. Derfor forsøger vi i denne artikel at nuancere belysningen af årsager til fattigdom. Årsager til fattigdom opdeles traditionelt i strukturelle, kulturelle og individuelle forhold eller karakteristika, uden at kausaliteten og deres indbyrdes sammenhæng diskuteres grundigt. I artiklen skelnes mellem: makrostrukturelle forhold som fx lavkonjunktur; institutionelle forhold som fx socialpolitiske tiltag; lokalsamfundsforhold der knytter sig til det boligområde eller den egn, man er bosat i; og individuelle karakteristika, der fremtræder som kendetegn ved individet. Endelig inddrages biografi i form af livsfaser og nøglebegivenheder gennem et livsforløbs faser som fx sygdom, skilsmisse og arbejdsløshed som perioder, begivenheder eller kæder af begivenheder, der kan forklare fattigdom. Med udgangspunkt i denne opdeling vises det, hvorledes forskellige faktorer, processer eller mekanismer i to konkrete cases bidrager til at skabe fattigdom for den enkelte, men også hvordan intentioner, valg og handlinger samt tilfældigheder i de enkelte livsforløb kan have en afgørende betydning. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Ejrnæs and Jørgen Elm Larsen: Causes of Poverty This article focuses on causes of poverty. Causes of poverty are normally divided into structural, cultural and individual conditions or characteristics without fully considering causality and the dynamic relationships between them. In this article we distinguish between macro structural conditions such as recession, institutional conditions such as social policy measures, local conditions related to the residential area where one lives, and individual characteris-tics. Finally we include biography in terms of life phases and constraining key events during a life course such as teenage pregnancy, illness, divorce or unemployment as periods, events or chains of events that can explain why and how poverty emerges. This perspective is shown to illustrate how different factors, processes and mechanisms contribute to throwing the individual into poverty, but also how intentions, choices, actions and coincidences in the individual’s life course may have a crucial impact. This is illustrated by two case studies in which the trajectory of one’s life shows how key events in the form of coincidences cause poverty. However, the analysis also shows that because of their different age, habitus and possession of various forms of capital, the two individuals examined here will develop different life trajectories and attachment to the labour market. Key words: Poverty, causes, habitus, capital, reflexion, life trajectory.

Go to More Parties? Social Occasions as Home to Unexpected Turning Points in Life Trajectories

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Energy ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
The Life Course

Reviving classical attention to gathering times as sites of transformation and building on more recent microsociological work, this paper uses qualitative data to show how social occasions open up unexpected bursts of change in the lives of those attending. They do this by pulling people into a special realm apart from normal life, generating collective effervescence and emotional energy, bringing usually disparate people together, forcing public rankings, and requiring complex choreography, all of which combine to make occasions sites of inspiration and connection as well as sites of offense and violation. Rather than a time out from “real” life, social occasions hold an outsized potential to unexpectedly shift the course that real life takes. Implications for microsociology, social inequality, and the life course are considered.

scholarly journals THE POWER OF LOOKING AHEAD? A FIXED-EFFECTS MODEL OF FUTURE ASPIRATIONS OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND INCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S6-S6
Author(s):  
Ioana Sendroiu ◽  
Laura Upenieks
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Perceived life trajectories are rooted in structural systems of advantage and disadvantage, but individuals also shape their futures through setting goals and expectations. “Future aspirations” have typically been used in life course research to refer to one’s conception of their chances of success across life domains and can serve as a resource to help individuals persevere in the face of hardship. Taking a life course approach and using three waves of data from the MIDUS study, we utilize hybrid fixed effects models to assess the relationship between future aspirations and income. We find that, net of age, health, and a host of other time-varying factors, more positive future aspirations are indeed related to higher income over time, but that this relationship takes different shapes in different contexts. In particular, in lower quality neighborhoods, higher future aspirations lead to worse economic outcomes over the life course, while in higher quality neighborhoods, higher aspirations are indeed related to higher incomes. We thus argue that aspirations are only helpful in some contexts, and are inherently contextual not just in their sources but also in their effects.

Childhood Polyvictimization and the Life Course: Associations With Depression and Crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-785
Author(s):  
Richard S. Carbonaro
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Parental Abuse ◽  
The Life Course

Exposure to multiple forms of victimization has been shown to have increasingly negative outcomes, but their unique trajectory-setting effects have been largely unexplored. Using a life course approach, this article examines the life trajectories of child polyvictims. I use a nationwide sample including 3,652 respondents after cleaning and preparation. Seemingly unrelated regressions were used to predict depression and criminal behavior in childhood and adulthood. Results suggest that children who experience multiple forms of parental abuse tend to have life trajectories which grow increasingly worse through the life course. However, life trajectories of children experiencing violence outside the home have less persistent negative outcomes. Researchers and interventions should take differing life trajectories into account when attempting to aid different types of polyvictims.

scholarly journals Life course traumas, phenotypic aging, and cardiovascular disease: retrospective analysis of 104,939 UKB participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingqi Cao ◽  
Jingyun Zhang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Xueqin Li ◽  
Chia-Ling Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

Background: While childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences have been linked to subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relationship between life course traumas and CVD and the underpinning pathways are poorly understood. This study aimed to: (1) examine the associations of childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas with CVD; (2) examine the associations between diverse life course traumatic profiles and CVD; and (3) examine the extent to which Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge), a well-developed phenotypic aging measure, mediates these associations. Methods: We included 104,939 participants from the UK Biobank who completed the 2016 online mental health questionnaire. CVD outcomes including ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke were ascertained. Childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas were categorized into three subgroups (mild, moderate, and severe), respectively. Four life course traumatic profiles were defined as non-severe traumas across life course, non-severe childhood and severe adulthood traumas, severe childhood and non-severe adulthood traumas, and severe traumas across life course based on both childhood and adulthood traumas. PhenoAge was measured using an equation previously developed. Multivariable logistic models and formal mediation analyses were performed. Results: Of 104,939 participants, 7,398 (7.0%) were diagnosed with CVD. Subgroups of childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas were associated with CVD, respectively. Furthermore, life course traumatic profiles were significantly associated with CVD. For instance, compared with subgroups experiencing non-severe traumas across life course, those who experienced non-severe childhood and severe adulthood traumas, severe childhood and non-severe adulthood traumas, and severe traumas across life course had higher odd of CVD, with odds ratios of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.15), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.25), and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.43), respectively. Formal mediation analyses suggested that PhenoAge partially mediated the above associations. For instance, PhenoAge mediated 5.8% of increased CVD events in subgroups who experienced severe childhood traumas, relative to those experiencing mild childhood traumas. Conclusions: Childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas, as well as diverse life course traumatic profiles, were associated with CVD. Furthermore, phenotypic aging partially mediated these associations. These findings suggest a potential pathway from life course traumas to CVD through phenotypic aging, and underscore the importance of policy programs targeting traumatic events over the life course in ameliorating inequalities in cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Living Apart Together and Cohabitation Intentions in Great Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1701-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Coulter ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Living Apart Together ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Large Survey

A growing number of studies examine how, why, and when people form and maintain living apart together (LAT) relationships. Although this literature shows that LAT is a diverse and ambiguous practice, little is known about whether people live apart together in particular ways under distinct constellations of life course circumstances. Moreover, it is unclear how intentions to convert LAT into cohabitation are configured by life trajectories. Drawing on data from an unprecedentedly large survey of people in LAT partnerships, we construct a fourfold typology of individuals in LAT relationships and show that each of the identified profiles is characterized by a distinctive position in the life course and different cohabitation intentions. These results indicate that LAT is a flexible way to practice partnership within the context of life course circumstances.

Lost Childhoods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Soyer
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Life Course

Lost Childhoods focuses on the life-course histories of thirty young men serving time in the adult prison system in Pennsylvania for crimes they committed when they were minors. The narratives of these young men, their friends, and relatives reveal the invisible yet deep-seated connection between the childhood traumas they suffered and the violent criminal behavior they committed during adolescence. By living through domestic violence, poverty, the crack epidemic, and other circumstances, these men were forced to grow up fast, while familial ties that should have sustained them were broken at each turn. The book connects large-scale social policy decisions and their effect on family dynamics, and it demonstrates the limits of punitive justice.

scholarly journals Sequential analysis as a method for studying life courses: The Case of caregivers’ well-being trajectories, Tiznit Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elbouzidi ◽  
Mhamed Mahdane
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
The Life Course

Being a caregiver offers a sense of usefulness and satisfaction. Similarly, this caregiving function hurts all areas of the caregiver's life. In this vein, we believe that approaching this topic based on the sequential approach is of great importance. Indeed, we will first present the life-course approach as a method for analysing longitudinal quantitative data while highlighting the different stages of sequence analysis as an appropriate analysis method. We will then discuss the importance of studying the life trajectories of caregivers as units of research in the life course approach. The empirical demonstration of this paper originates from doctoral research in sociology on the life course of informal caregivers in the province of Tiznit in Morocco. Through this demonstration, we have crossed quantitative and qualitative analyses of life courses. This work will also show the relevance of sequence analysis and its adaptation to the life course approach of caregivers.

scholarly journals Diversidad Sexual Y Envejecimiento. Los Cursos de Vida de la Población LGBT Argentina

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rada Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Depth Interviews

Partiendo de la premisa de que la vejez es una construcción en el curso de la vida, siendo la diversidad su característica principal, este escrito analiza cómo el género y la sexualidad son aspectos valiosos en los modos en los que se construye diferencialmente la vejez en el curso de la vida. En este artículo se sostiene que el haber pertenecido a una minoría sexual históricamente estigmatizada impactó en las formas de envejecer y por consiguiente en el tipo, calidad y esperanza de vida de las personas.Desde el Paradigma del Curso de la Vida, el influjo del tiempo histórico y el significado que los actores le atribuyen son considerados puntos de inflexión (turning point). Estos hitos significativos en la vida de las personas operan como bisagra en el desarrollo de la trayectoria vital, dando como resultado un envejecimiento y una vejez diferencial.Mediante técnicas cualitativas de recolección de la información como son el método biográfico e historias de vida, las entrevistas en profundidad y la observación participante, se persigue dar cuenta de cuál es la percepción que las personas mayores lesbianas, gays y trans tienen sobre su propio envejecer y vejez. Así, apelando a la reminiscencia de los actores se busca develar cuáles son los hechos significativos que consideran puntos de inflexión en el curso de su vida y de qué modo han dado como resultado una vejez diferencial. AbstractStarting from the premise that old age is a construction in life course and diversity its main feature, this paper analyzes how gender and sexuality are valuable aspects of the ways in which old age is built differently. This paper argues that having belonged to a sexual minority historically stigmatized it has impacted on the ways of aging and therefore in the type, quality and life expectancy of the people.From the Life course paradigm, the influence of the historical time and the meaning that the actors attributed to it are considered turning points. These significant milestones in people’s life act as a hinge in the development of their life trajectory, resulting in an ageing and an old age differential.Through qualitative techniques for information gathering, such as the biographical method and life stories, in-depth interviews and participant observation, it intends to give an account of the perception that the elderly gays, lesbians and trans have on their own aging and old age. Thus, appealing to the reminiscence of the actors it is expected to unveil what the facts are that they consider significant turning points in their life course and if they resulted in an old age differential.

scholarly journals Suicide amongst the Inuit of Nunavut: An Exploration of Life Trajectories

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
William Affleck ◽  
Eduardo Chachamovich ◽  
Nadia Chawky ◽  
Guy Beauchamp ◽  
Gustavo Turecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Suicide Group

This article reports results of the life trajectories from 92 Inuit who died by suicide, matched for age and gender with 92 living-controls. A proxy-based procedure and semi-structured interviews with informants were conducted to obtain trajectories of developmental events occurring over the life course for suicide and community-matched controls. Results from this research indicate two different trajectories that differentiate the control-group from the suicide-group throughout the life course. Even though the number of suicide attempts are similar between both groups, the suicide-group had a more important burden of adversity, which seemed to create a cascading effect, leading to suicide.

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