Concomitants of paranoia in the general population

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Freeman ◽  
S. McManus ◽  
T. Brugha ◽  
H. Meltzer ◽  
R. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundParanoia is an unregarded but pervasive attribute of human populations. In this study we carried out the most comprehensive investigation so far of the demographic, economic, social and clinical correlates of self-reported paranoia in the general population.MethodData weighted to be nationally representative were analysed from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England (APMS 2007; n=7281).ResultsThe prevalence of paranoid thinking in the previous year ranged from 18.6% reporting that people were against them, to 1.8% reporting potential plots to cause them serious harm. At all levels, paranoia was associated with youth, lower intellectual functioning, being single, poverty, poor physical health, poor social functioning, less perceived social support, stress at work, less social cohesion, less calmness, less happiness, suicidal ideation, a great range of other psychiatric symptoms (including anxiety, worry, phobias, post-traumatic stress and insomnia), cannabis use, problem drinking and increased use of treatment and services.ConclusionsOverall, the results indicate that paranoia has the widest of implications for health, emotional well-being, social functioning and social inclusion. Some of these concomitants may contribute to the emergence of paranoid thinking, while others may result from it.

Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja Bandla ◽  
NR Nappinnai ◽  
Srinivasagopalan Gopalasamy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Aim: The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. Results: Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. Conclusion: Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.

Factors Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Livesley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Family Factor ◽  
High Incidence

Psychiatric morbidity in a sample of 85 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis was assessed using standard questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire and Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire). Examination of the effects of demographic, illness, treatment, and history variables on questionnaire scores revealed that psychiatric symptoms were more frequent in women than in men, in those on home dialysis, in those living in rural areas, in unemployed men and in those with a disturbed nuclear family. Factor analysis of symptoms assessed by one of the questionnaires (GHQ) revealed six factors: general dissatisfaction, suicidal ideation, confidence and well-being, usefulness and enjoyment, concentration and alertness, sleep disturbance. Interview responses revealed a high incidence of general distress and anxiety and also a high incidence of sexual problems.

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

Association between intelligence quotient and violence perpetration in the English general population

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (08) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Ai Koyanagi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundData on the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and violence perpetration are scarce and nationally representative data from the UK adult population is lacking. Therefore, our goal was to examine the relationship between IQ and violence perpetration using nationally representative community-based data from the UK.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Violence perpetration referred to being in a physical fight or having deliberately hit anyone in the past 5 years. We conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the association between IQ (exposure variable) and violence perpetration (outcome variable).ResultsThere were 6872 participants aged ⩾16 years included in this study. The prevalence of violence perpetration decreased linearly with increasing IQ [16.3% (IQ 70–79) v. 2.9% (IQ 120–129)]. After adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors, childhood adversity, and psychiatric morbidity, compared with those with IQ 120–129, IQ scores of 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79 were associated with 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.84], 1.90 (95% CI 1.12–3.22), 1.80 (95% CI 1.05–3.13), 2.36 (95% CI 1.32–4.22), and 2.25 (95% CI 1.26–4.01) times higher odds for violence perpetration, respectively.ConclusionsLower IQ was associated with violence perpetration in the UK general population. Further studies are warranted to assess how low IQ can lead to violence perpetration, and whether interventions are possible for this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Spontaneous self-affirmation is associated with psychological well-being: Evidence from a US national adult survey sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber S Emanuel ◽  
Jennifer L Howell ◽  
Jennifer M Taber ◽  
Rebecca A Ferrer ◽  
William MP Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

Emerging evidence suggests that individuals spontaneously self-affirm, by reflecting on values and strengths, in response to daily threats. We examined the prevalence and demographic and well-being correlates of spontaneous self-affirmation in the general population. Participants ( n = 3185) completed the cross-sectional, nationally representative 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 4, Cycle 3), and answered questions about spontaneous self-affirmation, demographic factors, well-being, and affect. The majority of the population reported spontaneously self-affirming. Black and Hispanic respondents reported engaging in more spontaneous self-affirmation. Engaging in spontaneous self-affirmation was related to greater happiness, hopefulness, optimism, subjective health, and personal health efficacy, and less anger and sadness.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Framework of Resilience: Navigating Needs and Adversities During the Pandemic, A Qualitative Exploration in the Indian Frontline Physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debanjan Banerjee ◽  
T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao ◽  
Roy Abraham Kallivayalil ◽  
Afzal Javed
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Resilience Framework ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

IntroductionFrontline healthcare workers (HCW) have faced significant plight during the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies have shown their vulnerabilities to depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress, and insomnia. In a developing country like India, with a rising caseload, resource limitations, and stigma, the adversities faced by the physicians are more significant. We attempted to hear their “voices” to understand their adversities and conceptualize their resilience framework.MethodsA qualitative approach was used with a constructivist paradigm. After an initial pilot, a socio-demographically heterogeneous population of 172 physicians working in COVID-designated centers were purposively sampled from all over India. Following in-depth virtual interviews using a pre-formed semi-structured guide, the data was transcribed and translated verbatim. The interview was focused on their challenges, needs, and processes of coping and support. Charmaz’s grounded theory was used for analysis supplemented by NVivo 10 software.ResultsFear of infection, uncertainty, stigma, guilt, and social isolation emerged as the main challenges. Simultaneously, their “unmet needs” were flexible work policies, administrative measures for better medical protection, the sensitivity of media toward the image of HCW, effective risk communication for their health, and finally, social inclusion. Their resilience “framework” emerged as a process while navigating these adversities and consisted of three facets: forming a “resilient identity,” managing the resilience, and working through the socio-occupational distress. The role of mental well-being, social network, peer support, problem negotiation, and self-care emerged as the key coping strategies.ConclusionThe study findings support the global call for better psychosocial health and quality of life of the frontline HCWs. Their “unheard voices” explored in the study can anchor subsequent resilience-enhancing interventions and policies. Guidelines focusing on the psychological wellbeing of frontline HCWs need to be grounded in their unmet needs and lived experiences.

scholarly journals Short-term Neuropsychiatric Outcomes and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Mendez ◽  
Vicent Balanza-Martinez ◽  
Sussy Carolina Luperdi ◽  
Itziar Estrada ◽  
Ana Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The general medical impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) are increasingly appreciated. However, its impact on neurocognitive, psychiatric health and quality of life (QoL) in survivors after the acute phase is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate neurocognitive function, psychiatric symptoms, and QoL in COVID-19 survivors shortly after hospital discharge. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors followed-up for 2 months after discharge. A battery of standardized instruments evaluating neurocognitive function, psychiatric morbidity, and QoL (mental and physical components) was administered by telephone. Findings: Of the 229 screened patients, 179 were included in the final analysis. Among survivors, the prevalence of moderately impaired immediate verbal memory and learning was 38%, delayed verbal memory (11.8%), verbal fluency (34.6%), and working memory (executive function) (6.1%), respectively. Moreover, 58.7% of patients had neurocognitive impairment in at least one function. Rates of positive screening for anxiety were 29.6%, depression (26.8%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (25.1%) respectively. In addition, 39.1% of the patients had psychiatric morbidity. Low QoL for physical and mental components was detected in 44.1% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Delirium and stress-related symptoms increased approximately 4-fold the odds of developing neurocognitive impairment. Female gender and neurocognitive impairment diagnosis were related with an increase of 2.5 and 4.56-fold odds respectively of psychiatric morbidity. Interpretation: Hospitalized COVID-19 survivors showed a high prevalence of neurocognitive impairment, psychiatric morbidity, and poor QoL in the short-term. It is uncertain if these impacts persist over the long-term.

Psychiatric Morbidity in Survivors of Organised State Violence Including Torture

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Ramsay ◽  
Caroline Gorst-Unsworth ◽  
Stuart Turner
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Survivors Of Torture

The case notes documenting the psychological well-being of 100 survivors of torture and other forms of organised state violence were analysed retrospectively. The most common diagnoses were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and somatoform disorders. Of these, PTSD showed the strongest association with experience of torture. It is possible that PTSD has a dimensional nature, and that reactions to different stressors are heterogeneous.

Editorial Comments—Mental Health Problems following Earthquake in Kashmir: Findings of Community Run Clinics

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-546
Author(s):  
Carol Amaratunga
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

The article by Chadda et al is particularly deserving in that it describes a universal, social imperative to address the mental health and well-being of affected populations following a horrendous disaster caused by natural hazards. The inclusion of mental health workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists in postdisaster recovery and response efforts is not always feasible, but in recent years the importance of recognizing these professionals as “front line responders” has been gaining currency. By addressing the extent and typology of mental health needs of survivor populations (e.g., adjustment disorders, depression, and stress reactions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms), the business of recovery and reconstruction can begin. This paper sufficiently captures the extent of psychiatric morbidity in the affected Kashmiri populations following the October 2005 earthquake in India.The authors visited >30 rural and remote sites and met with >300 survivors who had lost their homes, loved ones, and who also had suffered physical injury and mental health trauma. It is a remarkable testament to human resiliency that the vast majority of the earthquake survivors described in this paper, including those who live in an ongoing state of civil unrest due to political conflict, did not present full PTSD mental health disorders. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine deserves praise for supporting the work of our colleagues in the south. Thanks to the WADEM for the inclusion of this empirically based study, as it contributes to our understanding of human resiliency following disasters caused by natural hazards in a meaningful way.

Understanding the social costs of psychosis: The experience of adults affected by psychosis identified within the second Australian national survey of psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J Stain ◽  
Cherrie A Galletly ◽  
Scott Clark ◽  
Jacqueline Wilson ◽  
Emily A Killen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Background: Social inclusion is a key priority of the Fourth National Mental Health Plan for Australia (2009–2014), with strong evidence for its protective impact on mental health. Social integration has been associated with enhanced well-being for people with mental illnesses such as psychosis. Objective: To explore the impact of psychosis on an individual’s social and community participation. Method: The second Australian national survey of psychosis was conducted across seven Australian sites. Semi-structured interviews with adults living with psychosis assessed mental health status, social and role functioning, life satisfaction and future goals. The cohort comprised 1825 adults with a psychotic illness (59.6% were male; 42.4% were aged 18–34 years; 31.5% had 12 years or more of education) of whom 32.7% had been employed in the past year. Results: Most adults indicated experiencing loneliness (80.1%) and a need for more friends (48.1%). Men were more likely to have never had a long-term relationship (59.4% M, 33.2% F). Even though women were more likely to experience anxiety in social situations [(χ2(1) = 8.95, p < 0.01)], they were more likely to have attended a social activity in the past year [χ2(2) = 11.84, p < 0.01]. Just over half of the survey participants (56.7%) reported having daily or nearly daily contact with family members. In the past year, 69% had not attended any social activity and 43% described stigma as a barrier. Although 63.2% showed significant impairment in social functioning, only 29.5% had received help for this in the last year. Social isolation and loneliness were rated as major challenges by 37.2% of the cohort. Conclusions: Social isolation and dysfunction experienced by people with psychosis have not decreased since the last Australian national survey of people with psychosis. Alongside education and employment, social functioning and participation must be addressed to improve social inclusion for people with psychosis. Programs targeting social opportunities (befriending, peer support), social anxiety and social functioning for all stages of psychosis are warranted.

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