Cortical thickness and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in young children: a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 3203-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Mous ◽  
R. L. Muetzel ◽  
H. El Marroun ◽  
T. J. C. Polderman ◽  
A. van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
The Relationship

Background.While many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neurobiological basis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few have studied the neurobiology of attention problems in the general population. The ability to pay attention falls along a continuum within the population, with children with ADHD at one extreme of the spectrum and, therefore, a dimensional perspective of evaluating attention problems has an added value to the existing literature. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between cortical thickness and inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in a large population of young children.Method.This study is embedded within the Generation R Study and includes 6- to 8-year-old children (n = 444) with parent-reported attention and hyperactivity measures and high-resolution structural imaging data. We investigated the relationship between cortical thickness across the entire brain and the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Problems score.Results.We found that greater attention problems and hyperactivity were associated with a thinner right and left postcentral gyrus. When correcting for potential confounding factors and multiple testing, these associations remained significant.Conclusions.In a large, population-based sample we showed that young (6- to 8-year-old) children who show more attention problems and hyperactivity have a thinner cortex in the region of the right and left postcentral gyrus. The postcentral gyrus, being the primary somatosensory cortex, reaches its peak growth early in development. Therefore, the thinner cortex in this region may reflect either a deviation in cortical maturation or a failure to reach the same peak cortical thickness compared with children without attention or hyperactivity problems.

Correlates of Age at Natural Menopause in the Cohorts of Epic-Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidio Celentano ◽  
Rocco Galasso ◽  
Franco Berrino ◽  
Elisabetta Fusconi ◽  
Maria Concetta Giurdanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Natural Menopause

A large number of studies have investigated the factors correlated to age at natural menopause in several populations. However, information on genetics and life-style factors influencing the age of onset of menopause in different populations is of current scientific interest. Specifically, for Italian women there are no large population-based data. The EPIC-Italy collaboration is a source of data of this kind; moreover, the geographical distribution of the cohorts (recruited in northern, central and southern Italy) is an added value as regards the scientific interest of these data. A number of biological and life-style-related factors have been analyzed to evaluate their association to the age at natural menopause in 14,454 menopausal women of the EPIC-Italy collaboration. As regards life-style and environmental factors, the main results are: a) women living in different areas of the country have different ages of onset of natural menopause; b) educational level is significantly associated to this age and may explain part of the between-center difference; c) cigarette smoking appears as a major correlate and probably determinant of the age at natural menopause across all the Italian cohorts; d) alcohol consumption does not have any relationship with the age at natural menopause; e) the use of oral contraceptives may influence age at natural menopause. As regards biological factors, short cycles and low parity have been found associated with earlier menopause. Overall, the results concerning menstrual cycles, parity, and cigarette smoking are consistent with the hypothesis that the number of oocytes in the ovary is pre-determined and any acceleration or impairment of the ovarian function leads to reduce the duration of the reproductive life.

Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbidities in a Diverse, Urban Primary Care Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Spencer ◽  
Natalie Plasencia ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Haregnesh Haile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
English Speaking

We tested the accuracy of 2 parent-report tools, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-35) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and distinguish complex (highly comorbid) cases in an urban, largely Latino pediatric practice. Spanish- and English-speaking parents of children aged 6 to 10 years completed a PSC-35 and CBCL at well visits. Those with CBCL Attention Problems Subscale (CBCL-APS) T scores ≥60 plus controls completed the diagnostic MINI-KID (Miniature International Neuropsychiatric Interview) for Children. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves quantified accuracy of both scales to distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD, and complex from simple ADHD. Two hundred and nine children were screened, and 41 completed diagnostic interviews. Both the CBCL-APS and PSC Attention Scale (PSC-AS) accurately identified ADHD; the CBCL-APS performed best (AUROCCBCL_APS = 0.837; AUROCPSC_AS = 0.728). The PSC Total and Internalizing Scores and the number of CBCL subscale elevations accurately distinguished complex from simple ADHD; the PSC Internalizing Score performed best (AUROCPSC_TOTAL = 0.700; AUROCPSC_INT = 0.817; AUROCCBCL_SUBS = 0.762).

scholarly journals Amygdalar reactivity is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0216152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Albaugh ◽  
James. J. Hudziak ◽  
Catherine Orr ◽  
Philip A. Spechler ◽  
Bader Chaarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiome composition and its relation to joint pain and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy G. Boer ◽  
Djawad Radjabzadeh ◽  
Carolina Medina-Gomez ◽  
Sanzhima Garmaeva ◽  
Dieuwke Schiphof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Macrophage-mediated inflammation is thought to have a causal role in osteoarthritis-related pain and severity, and has been suggested to be triggered by endotoxins produced by the gastrointestinal microbiome. Here we investigate the relationship between joint pain and the gastrointestinal microbiome composition, and osteoarthritis-related knee pain in the Rotterdam Study; a large population based cohort study. We show that abundance of Streptococcus species is associated with increased knee pain, which we validate by absolute quantification of Streptococcus species. In addition, we replicate these results in 867 Caucasian adults of the Lifelines-DEEP study. Finally we show evidence that this association is driven by local inflammation in the knee joint. Our results indicate the microbiome is a possible therapeutic target for osteoarthritis-related knee pain.

scholarly journals Validation of Surrogates of Urine Osmolality in Population Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Youhanna ◽  
Lise Bankir ◽  
Paul Jungers ◽  
David Porteous ◽  
Ozren Polasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The importance of vasopressin and/or urine concentration in various kidney, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases has been emphasized recently. Due to technical constraints, urine osmolality (Uosm), a direct reflect of urinary concentrating activity, is rarely measured in epidemiologic studies. Methods: We analyzed 2 possible surrogates of Uosm in 4 large population-based cohorts (total n = 4,247) and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD, n = 146). An estimated Uosm (eUosm) based on the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and urea, and a urine concentrating index (UCI) based on the ratio of creatinine concentrations in urine and plasma were compared to the measured Uosm (mUosm). Results: eUosm is an excellent surrogate of mUosm, with a highly significant linear relationship and values within 5% of mUosm (r = 0.99 or 0.98 in each population cohort). Bland-Altman plots show a good agreement between eUosm and mUosm with mean differences between the 2 variables within ±24 mmol/L. This was verified in men and women, in day and night urine samples, and in CKD patients. The relationship of UCI with mUosm is also significant but is not linear and exhibits more dispersed values. Moreover, the latter index is no longer representative of mUosm in patients with CKD as it declines much more quickly with declining glomerular filtration rate than mUosm. Conclusion: The eUosm is a valid marker of urine concentration in population-based and CKD cohorts. The UCI can provide an estimate of urine concentration when no other measurement is available, but should be used only in subjects with normal renal function.

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