scholarly journals Relationship between personality and psychopathology in a longitudinal community study: a test of the predisposition model

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hengartner ◽  
V. Ajdacic-Gross ◽  
C. Wyss ◽  
J. Angst ◽  
W. Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Treatment Use

BackgroundMounting evidence supports the notion that personality is crucial in the aetiopathology of common mental disorders, but studies that allow for aetiological conclusions are lacking. The aim of the present study was thus to provide a test of the predisposition model.MethodWe analysed data from the Zurich Cohort Study, a 30-year longitudinal epidemiological community study of an adult cohort (n = 591) from 1979 to 2008. Personality was assessed in 1988 with an established personality questionnaire, and psychopathology through seven semi-structured interviews between 1979 and 2008.ResultsOn the basis of personality assessment from 1988, used as predictor of subsequent psychopathology (1993–2008), while adjusting for sex and prior mental disorders (1979–1988), neuroticism related significantly with future major depression episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41], anxiety disorders (OR = 1.32) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.41). When participants with a past 10-year history (i.e. 1979–1988) of either major depression, anxiety disorder or depression treatment use were excluded, neuroticism in 1988 still significantly predicted first incidence (i.e. 1993–2008) of major depression episodes (OR = 1.53) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.84).ConclusionsThe present study provides compelling evidence that the personality trait of neuroticism constitutes an independent risk factor for subsequent major depression episodes and use of respective professional treatments, which serves as a proxy for particularly severe and impairing depression episodes. We therefore advocate that personality traits could provide clinically useful prognostic information when considered carefully.

scholarly journals COMMON MENTAL DISORDER AMONG ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselma Lucchese ◽  
◽  
Paloma Cinthia Duarte Silva ◽  
Tainara Catozzi Denardi ◽  
Rodrigo Lopes de Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of the probability of common mental disorders among abusers of alcohol and other drugs. Method: a cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 234 individuals undergoing treatment and rehabilitation for chemical dependence in private clinics and in a Psychosocial Care Center in the Southeast area of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Instruments on sociodemographic profile, use of licit and/or illicit drugs, and a questionnaire that tracks common mental suffering were applied. Results: the outcome variable was the probability of common mental disorder, with 37.2% of the total of the sample. Association between the probability of common mental disorders and the female gender (odds ratio=4.06; 95% CI 1.56-10.56), age ≤25 years old (odds ratio=3.00; 95% CCI 1.41-6.38), and use of marijuana in life (odds ratio=2.83; 95% CI 1.38-5.78) were found. Conclusion: the study showed an association between the use and abuse of drugs and risk for common mental disorders.

scholarly journals Sociocultural practices in Ethiopia: association with onset and persistence of postnatal common mental disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Mesfin Araya ◽  
Abdulreshid Abdulahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Sociocultural Practices ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

BackgroundTraditional perinatal practices may protect against postnatal common mental disorders (CMD) in non-Western societies.AimsTo evaluate the association between perinatal practices and postnatal CMD in rural Ethiopia.MethodA population-based sample of 1065 women was followed up from pregnancy until 2 months postpartum. Qualitative investigation informed the development of scales measuring attitudes towards and adherence to perinatal practices. Postnatal CMD was measured using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire.ResultsEndorsement of sociocultural perinatal practices was associated with lower odds of antenatal CMD persisting into the postnatal period (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.95). Women who endorsed protective and celebratory perinatal practices but were unable to complete them had increased odds of incident (adjusted OR = 7.26, 95% CI 1.38–38.04) and persistent postnatal CMD (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.11–4.23) respectively.ConclusionsThere is evidence for an independent role of sociocultural practices in maintaining perinatal mental health in this Ethiopian community.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators for Return to Work from the Perspective of Workers with Common Mental Disorders with Short, Medium and Long-Term Sickness Absence: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot C. W. Joosen ◽  
Marjolein Lugtenberg ◽  
Iris Arends ◽  
Hanneke J. A. W. M. van Gestel ◽  
Benedikte Schaapveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Structured Interviews

AbstractPurpose Although common mental disorders (CMDs) highly impact individuals and society, a knowledge gap exists on how sickness absence can be prevented in workers with CMDs. This study explores: (1) workers’ perceived causes of sickness absence; (2) perceived return to work (RTW) barriers and facilitators; and (3) differences between workers with short, medium and long-term sickness absence. Methods A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 34 workers with CMDs. Semi-structured interviews were held at two time-points during their RTW process. The 68 interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and thematically analyzed to explore workers’ perspective on sickness absence causes, RTW barriers and facilitators, and compare data across the three sub-groups of workers. Results Workers reported various causes for their absence, including: (1) high work pressure; (2) poor work relationships; (3) unhelpful thoughts and feelings, e.g. lacking self-insight; and (4) ineffective coping behaviors. According to workers, RTW was facilitated by work adjustments, fulfilling relationships with supervisors, and adequate occupational health guidance. Workers with short-term leave more often reported favorable work conditions, and proactive coping behavior. In contrast, the long-term group reported reactive coping behavior and dissatisfaction with their work. Conclusion Supporting workers with CMDs in gaining self-awareness and regaining control, discussing the value of their work, and creating work conditions that enable workers to do valuable work, seem central for successful RTW and might prevent sickness absence. Supervisors play a key role in enabling workers to do valuable work and further research should focus on how supervisors can be supported in this task.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders: socio-demographic and pharmacotherapy profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Ferrari Gomes ◽  
Tatiana Longo Borges Miguel ◽  
Adriana Inocenti Miasso
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Care Unit

OBJECTIVE: this study reports an association between Common Mental Disorders and the socio-demographic and pharmacotherapy profiles of 106 patients cared for by a Primary Health Care unit in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach. Structured interviews and validated instruments were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of Common Mental Disorders was 50%. An association was found between Common Mental Disorders and the variables occupation, family income, number of prescribed medications and number of pills taken a day. Greater therapy non-adherence was observed among those who tested positive for Common Mental Disorders. CONCLUSION: this study's results show the importance of health professionals working in PHC to be able to detect needs of a psychological nature among their patients and to support the implementation of actions to prevent the worsening of Common Mental Disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders in the English national population, 1993–2007

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Spiers ◽  
Tarik Qassem ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Michael King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Physician Contact ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Service Contact

BackgroundThe National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys include English cross-sectional household samples surveyed in 1993, 2000 and 2007.AimsTo evaluate frequency of common mental disorders (CMDs), service contact and treatment.MethodCommon mental disorders were identified with the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS-R). Service contact and treatment were established in structured interviews.ResultsThere were 8615, 6126 and 5385 participants aged 16–64. Prevalence of CMDs was consistent (1993: 14.3%; 2000: 16.0%; 2007: 16.0%), as was past-year primary care physician contact for psychological problems (1993: 11.3%; 2000: 12.0%; 2007: 11.7%). Antidepressant receipt in people with CMDs more than doubled between 1993 (5.7%) and 2000 (14.5%), with little further increase by 2007 (15.9%). Psychological treatments increased in successive surveys. Many with CMDs received no treatment.ConclusionsReduction in prevalence did not follow increased treatment uptake, and may require universal public health measures together with individual pharmacological, psychological and computer-based interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
Gus Levy ◽  
Carl Walker ◽  
Richard Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThere is evidence that the prevalence of common mental disorders varies across Europe.AimsTo compare prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees in six European countries.MethodUnselected attendees to general practices in the UK, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Estonia and The Netherlands were assessed for major depression, panic syndrome and other anxiety syndrome. Prevalence of DSM–IV major depression, other anxiety syndrome and panic syndrome was compared between the UK and other countries after taking account of differences in demographic factors and practice consultation rates.ResultsPrevalence was estimated in 2344 men and 4865 women. The highest prevalence for all disorders occurred in the UK and Spain, and lowest in Slovenia and The Netherlands. Men aged 30–50 and women aged 18–30 had the highest prevalence of major depression; men aged 40–60 had the highest prevalence of anxiety, and men and women aged 40–50 had the highest prevalence of panic syndrome. Demographic factors accounted for the variance between the UK and Spain but otherwise had little impact on the significance of observed country differences.ConclusionsThese results add to the evidence for real differences between European countries in prevalence of psychological disorders and show that the burden of care on general practitioners varies markedly between countries.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and genetic overlap of three common mental disorders in structured interviews and health registries

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Torvik ◽  
E. Ystrom ◽  
K. Gustavson ◽  
T. H. Rosenström ◽  
J. G. Bramness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Genetic Overlap

What Psychiatrists Do Not Know About Psychotherapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Common Problems

Psychiatrists usually make an effort to keep current on the latest developments in psychopharmacology. However, many (if not most) know little about psychotherapy research. Yet the evidence is very strong that talking therapies are highly effective. In common mental disorders, psychotherapy usually yields equivalent results to medication and, in many cases, provides unique “added value” that drug treatment cannot offer. Its value is firmly established in the most common problems that psychiatrists treat—anxiety disorders, mild to moderate major depression, substance abuse, and personality disorders. It is also not widely known that psychotherapy need not be lengthy but, rather, can be conducted effectively with a time frame of a few months. A vast body of research shows that therapy lasting 3–6 months helps most patients; there is almost no evidence supporting longer courses of treatment.

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