scholarly journals The interplay between cognitive ability, alcohol consumption, and health characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Degerud ◽  
E. Ystrom ◽  
K. Tambs ◽  
I. Ariansen ◽  
J. Mørland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundHigher cognitive ability is associated with favourable health characteristics. The relation between ability and alcohol consumption, and their interplay with other health characteristics, is unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive ability and alcohol consumption and to assess whether alcohol consumption relates differently to health characteristics across strata of ability.MethodsFor 63 120 Norwegian males, data on cognitive ability in early adulthood were linked to midlife data on alcohol consumption frequency (times per month, 0–30) and other health characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors and mental distress. Relations were assessed using linear regression and reported as unstandardised beta coefficients [95% confidence interval (CI)].ResultsThe mean ± s.d. frequency of total alcohol consumption in the sample was 4.0 ± 3.8 times per month. In the low, medium, and high group of ability, the frequencies were 3.0 ± 3.3, 3.7 ± 3.5, and 4.7 ± 4.1, respectively. In the full sample, alcohol consumption was associated with physical activity, heart rate, fat mass, smoking, and mental distress. Most notably, each additional day of consumption was associated with a 0.54% (0.44–0.64) and 0.14% (0.09–0.18) increase in the probability of current smoking and mental distress, respectively. In each strata of ability (low, medium, high), estimates were 0.87% (0.57–1.17), 0.48% (0.31–0.66) and 0.49% (0.36–0.62) for current smoking, and 0.44% (0.28–0.60), 0.10% (0.02–0.18), and 0.09% (0.03–0.15) for mental distress, respectively.ConclusionsParticipants with low cognitive ability drink less frequently, but in this group, more frequent alcohol consumption is more strongly associated with adverse health characteristics.

Alcohol-Related Offending in Male Special Hospital Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Thomas ◽  
Mary McMurran
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Weekly Alcohol Consumption

In a sample of 61 male Special Hospital patients, 11 (18%) were identified as having alcohol-related problems prior to admission. Ten of these alcohol-abusers were interviewed to gather further information about their drinking, offending, and the relationship between the two. Alcohol abusers showed more serious criminality than non-abusers, having significantly more previous convictions and being responsible for a disproportionately high number of offences of murder and manslaughter. Alcohol-related problems appear to have developed quickly in adolescence culminating in the index offence at around 30 years of age. At this time, the mean self-reported weekly alcohol consumption was 240 units (one unit = 8.5gm alcohol). All but one man admitted to a relationship between alcohol and crime, and most showed motivation to change their future drinking behaviour.

scholarly journals Chronic inflammatory pain drives alcohol drinking in a sex-dependent manner

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waylin Yu ◽  
Lara S. Hwa ◽  
Viren H. Makhijani ◽  
Joyce Besheer ◽  
Thomas L. Kash
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Session ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drinking Outcomes

AbstractSex differences in chronic pain and alcohol abuse are not well understood. The development of rodent models is imperative for investigating the underlying changes behind these pathological states. However, past attempts have failed to produce drinking outcomes similar to those reported in humans. In the present study, we investigated whether hind paw treatment with the inflammatory agent Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) could generate hyperalgesia and alter alcohol consumption in male and female C57BL/6J mice. CFA treatment led to greater nociceptive sensitivity for both sexes in the Hargreaves test, and increased alcohol drinking for males in a continuous access two-bottle choice (CA2BC) paradigm. Regardless of treatment, female mice exhibited greater alcohol drinking than males. Following a 2-hour terminal drinking session, CFA treatment failed to produce changes in alcohol drinking, blood ethanol concentration (BEC), and plasma corticosterone (CORT) for both sexes. 2-hr alcohol consumption and CORT was higher in females than males, irrespective of CFA treatment. Taken together, these findings have established that male mice are more susceptible to escalations in alcohol drinking when undergoing pain, despite higher levels of total alcohol drinking and CORT in females. Furthermore, the exposure of CFA-treated C57BL/6J mice to the CA2BC drinking paradigm has proven to be a useful model for studying the relationship between chronic pain and alcohol abuse. Future applications of the CFA/CA2BC model should incorporate manipulations of stress signaling and other related biological systems to improve our mechanistic understanding of pain and alcohol interactions.

scholarly journals Evidence of association between early alcohol use and risk of later problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Leite Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78% of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22% of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.

Abstract TMP106: Relationship Between Smoking and the Development of Extracranial and Intracranial Arteriosclerotic Stenosis

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijun Ji ◽  
Yongjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Relationship

Background and purpose: to investigate the relationship between active cigarette smoking and the occurrence of extracranial (ECAS) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: We analyzed patients enrolled in the Chinese Intracranial atherosclerosis (CICAS), which was a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based cohort study. Smoking status was classified into never, former and current smoking. ICAS was evaluated with 3-dimentional time-of-flight MRA and ECAS was evaluated with cervical ultrasonography or contrast-enhanced MRA. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between smoking status and the occurrence of ECAS and ICAS. Results: A total of 2656 patients (92.7%) of acute ischemic stroke and 208 (7.3%) of transient ischemic attack were analyzed. The mean age was 61.9±11.2 and 67.8% were male. There were 141 (4.9%) patients had only ECAS, 1074 (37.5%) had only ICAS, and 261 (9.1%) had both ECAS and ICAS. Current smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of ECAS (adjusted OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.09-1.99, P<0.01). In addition, with one year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.1% (adjusted OR=1.011; 95% CI=1.003-1.019; P=0.005); with one cigarette smoked per day increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.0% (adjusted OR=1.010; 95% CI=1.001-1.020; P=0.03); and with one pack year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 0.7% (adjusted OR=1.007; 95% CI=1.002-1.012; P<0.01). However, no similar significant association was found between smoking status and the occurrence of ICAS. Conclusion: A paradoxical dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of ECAS and ICAS was identified. Further studies on molecular mechanisms were warranted. <!--EndFragment-->

scholarly journals Racial Differences in the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption in Early Adulthood and Occupational Attainment at Midlife

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 2261-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Sloan ◽  
Patrick S. Malone ◽  
Stefan G. Kertesz ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Philip R. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
The Relationship

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

A Multimedia Situational Test With a Constructed-Response Format

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke K. Oostrom ◽  
Marise Ph. Born ◽  
Alec W. Serlie ◽  
Henk T. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Constructed Response ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Situational Test

Advances in computer technology have created opportunities for the development of a multimedia situational test in which responses are filmed with a webcam. This paper examined the relationship of a so-called webcam test with personality, cognitive ability, job experience, and academic performance. Data were collected among 153 psychology students. In line with our expectations, scores on the webcam test, intended to measure interpersonally oriented leadership, were related to extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and job experience. Furthermore, the webcam tests significantly predicted students’ learning activities during group meetings over and above a cognitive ability test and a personality questionnaire. Overall, this study demonstrates that webcam tests can be a valid complement to traditional predictors in selection contexts.

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