scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification to prevent depression (COPE): results of a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 2514-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Basanovic ◽  
Ben Grafton ◽  
Andrew Ford ◽  
Varsha Hirani ◽  
David Glance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

AbstractBackgroundAlthough efficacious treatments for major depression are available, efficacy is suboptimal and recurrence is common. Effective preventive strategies could reduce disability associated with the disorder, but current options are limited. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel and safe intervention that attenuates biases associated with depression. This study investigated whether the delivery of a CBM programme designed to attenuate negative cognitive biases over a period of 1 year would decrease the incidence of major depression among adults with subthreshold symptoms of depression.MethodsRandomised double-blind controlled trial delivered an active CBM intervention or a control intervention over 52 weeks. Two hundred and two community-dwelling adults who reported subthreshold levels of depression were randomised (100 intervention, 102 control). The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of major depressive episode assessed at 11, 27 and 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included onset of clinically significant symptoms of depression, change in severity of depression symptoms and change in cognitive biases.ResultsAdherence to the interventions was modest though did not differ between conditions. Incidence of major depressive episodes was low. Conditions did not differ in the incidence of major depressive episodes. Likewise, conditions did not differ in the incidence of clinically significant levels of depression, change in the severity of depression symptoms or change in cognitive biases.ConclusionsActive CBM intervention did not decrease the incidence of major depressive episodes as compared to a control intervention. However, adherence to the intervention programme was modest and the programme failed to modify the expected mechanism of action.

P-516 - Does the severity of depression and psychosis correlate during major depressive episodes?

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
S.D. Østergaard ◽  
J. Bille ◽  
H. Søltoft-Jensen ◽  
N. Lauge ◽  
P. Bech
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

scholarly journals Exploring the Links between Specific Depression Symptoms and Brain Structure: A Network Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hilland ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Brage Kraft ◽  
Christian K. Tamnes ◽  
Eiko I. Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Biological Heterogeneity ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

AbstractThe network approach to psychopathology has recently received considerable attention, and is as a novel way of conceptualizing mental disorders as causally interacting symptoms. In this study, we modeled a joint network of depression symptoms and depression-related brain structures, using 21 symptoms and five regional brain measures. We used a mixed sample of 268 individuals previously treated for one or more major depressive episodes and never depressed individuals. The network revealed associations between brain structure and unique depressive symptoms, which may clarify relationships regarding symptomatic and biological heterogeneity in depression.

Heterogeneity of Depression

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ries Merikangas ◽  
Werner Wicki ◽  
Jules Angst
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Epidemiological Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This paper describes the application of prospective longitudinal data from an epidemiological sample of young adults to define subtypes of major depression. Depression was classified on a spectrum from subthreshold manifestation of symptoms and duration at one end, to cases with recurrent episodes of depression meeting duration criteria for major depressive episodes at the other. There was a direct relationship between the severity of depression over the longitudinal course and both duration and recurrence of depressive episodes. The subgroup of depression with recurrence of both brief and longer duration episodes could be discriminated on most of the indicators of validity including symptoms, impairment, family history, and suicide attempts. In light of the young age of this cohort, the strong history of suicide attempts and other complications of depression among the subjects with recurrent depression was striking. These findings underscore the importance of employing course as a classification criterion of depression, and the inclusion of subthreshold episodes of depression in the characterisation of course.

scholarly journals Seasonal affective disorder and non-seasonal affective disorders: Results from the NESDA study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim H. Winthorst ◽  
Annelieke M. Roest ◽  
Elisabeth H. Bos ◽  
Ybe Meesters ◽  
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a subtype of depression.AimsTo compare the clinical picture of SAD to non-seasonal affective disorders (non-SADs).MethodDiagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) were established in 2185 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was administered to diagnose SAD. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Questionnaire.ResultsParticipants with SAD, participants with a lifetime bipolar disorder and participants with a lifetime comorbid anxiety and depressive disorder scored highest in terms of psychopathology in the past year. The seasonal distribution of major depressive episodes was not different for participants with or without SAD.ConclusionsSAD may be a measure of severity of depression with a subjectively perceived worsening of symptoms in the winter months.

scholarly journals N-acetylcysteine for major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro V Magalhães ◽  
Olívia M Dean ◽  
Ashley I Bush ◽  
David L Copolov ◽  
Gin S Malhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

OBJECTIVE: In this report, we aimed to evaluate the effect of add-on N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in bipolar disorder. To that end, we conducted a secondary analysis of all patients meeting full criteria for a depressive episode in a placebo controlled trial of adjunctive NAC for bipolar disorder. METHOD: Twenty-four week randomised clinical trial comparing adjunctive NAC and placebo in individuals with bipolar disorder experiencing major depressive episodes. Symptomatic and functional outcome data were collected over the study period. RESULTS: Seventeen participants were available for this report. Very large effect sizes in favor of NAC were found for depressive symptoms and functional outcomes at endpoint. Eight of the ten participants on NAC had a treatment response at endpoint; the same was true for only one of the seven participants allocated to placebo. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that adjunctive NAC may be useful for major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Further studies designed to confirm this hypothesis are necessary.

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