scholarly journals Genetic differences in alcohol sensitivity and the inheritance of alcoholism risk

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. HEATH ◽  
P. A. F. MADDEN ◽  
K. K. BUCHOLZ ◽  
S. H. DINWIDDIE ◽  
W. S. SLUTSKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Alcohol Sensitivity ◽  
Parental Alcoholism ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcoholism Risk

Background. Substantial evidence exists for an important genetic contribution to alcohol dependence risk in women and men. It has been suggested that genetically determined differences in alcohol sensitivity may represent one pathway by which an increase in alcohol dependence risk occurs.Methods. Telephone interview follow-up data were obtained on twins from male, female and unlike-sex twin pairs who had participated in an alcohol challenge study in 1979–81, as well as other pairs from the same Australian twin panel surveyed by mail in 1980–82.Results. At follow-up, alcohol challenge men did not differ from other male twins from the same age cohort on measures of lifetime psychopathology or drinking habits; but alcohol challenge women were on average heavier drinkers than other women. Acomposite alcohol sensitivity measure, combining subjective intoxication and increase in body-sway after alcohol challenge in 1979–81, exhibited high heritability (60%). Parental alcoholism history was weakly associated with decreased alcohol sensitivity in women, but not after adjustment for baseline drinking history, or in men. High alcohol sensitivity in men was associated with substantially reduced alcohol dependence risk (OR=0·05, 95% CI 0·01–0·39). Furthermore, significantly decreased (i.e. low) alcohol sensitivity was observed in non-alcoholic males whose MZ co-twin had a history of alcohol dependence, compared to other non-alcoholics. These associations remained significant in conservative analyses that controlled for respondents' alcohol consumption levels and alcohol problems in 1979–81.Conclusions. Men (but not women) at increased genetic risk of alcohol dependence (assessed by MZ co-twin's history of alcohol dependence) exhibited reduced alcohol sensitivity. Associations with parental alcoholism were inconsistent.

scholarly journals Towards a molecular epidemiology of alcohol dependence: Analysing the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S40) ◽  
pp. s33-s40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Heath ◽  
P. A. F. Madden ◽  
K. K. Bucholz ◽  
L. J. Bierut ◽  
J. B. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Sensitivity ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Integrate Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Childhood Conduct

BackgroundProgress in identifying genetic factors protective against alcohol dependence (AIcD) requires a paradigm shift in psychiatric epidemiology.AimsTo integrate analysis of research into the genetics of alcoholism.MethodData from prospective questionnaire and interview surveys of the Australian twin panel, and from a subsample who underwent alcohol challenge, were analysed.ResultsIn men, effects of alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2∗1/∗2 genotype or high alcohol sensitivity (risk-decreasing), and of history of childhood conduct disorder, or having monozygotic co-twin or twin sister with AIcD (risk-increasing) were significant and comparable in magnitude. Religious affiliation (Anglican versus other) was associated with the ADH2 genotype, but did not explain the associations with AIcD symptoms. No protective effect of the ADH2∗1/∗2 genotype was observed in women.ConclusionsThe early onset and strong familial aggregation of AIcD, and opportunity for within-family tests of genetic association to avoid confounding effects, make epidemiological family studies of adolescents and young adults and their families a priority.

scholarly journals 955Risk of drowning: the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Satoyo Ikehara ◽  
Akiko Tamakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Drinker ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Abstract Background In Japan, the unintentional drowning mortality rate among the elderly is exceptionally high. However, the risk factors for drowning in Japan are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the risk factors of drowning in Japan. Methods This study used data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, a prospective cohort aged 40–79 years initiated 1988-1990. A total of 86,298 individuals (35,984 men and 50,314 women) completed a self-administered questionnaire and were mainly followed up by the end of 2009. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for drowning according to age, body mass index, drinking habits, medical history, marital status, and years of education. Results A total of 194 drownings occurred during a median follow-up period of 18.9 years. The multivariable HRs (95%CIs) of drowning were 0.21 (0.10–0.45) for aged <50 years, 0.37 (0.21-0.65) for 50–59 years compared with 60–69 years, 3.08 (1.39–6.85) for bereaved compared with married, 3.39 (1.19-9.66) for with medical history of stroke compared without, and 3.18 (1.39–7.30) for current drinker with ≥69.0g ethanol/day compared with never drinker in men, 0.20 (0.09-0.43) for aged <50 years and 3.39 (1.19-9.66) for 50-59 years in women. Conclusions Younger people were found to have a lower risk of drowning. For men, bereavement, history of stroke, and current heavy drinking were found to have higher risk of drowning. Key messages In Japan, bereavement, a history of stroke, and heavy drinking among men found to have higher risk of drowning

Effectiveness of a national ‘Minnesota Model’ based residential treatment programme for alcohol dependence in Ireland: outcomes and predictors of outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gallagher ◽  
Z. Radmall ◽  
C. O’Gara ◽  
T. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
Minnesota Model

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of an inpatient treatment programme for alcohol dependence based on the ‘Minnesota Model’ and (b) to examine potential predictors of outcomes from such treatment.MethodsDemographics and data relating to psychosocial functioning of a group of individuals who commenced treatment for alcohol dependence were gathered at the point of treatment entry. These individuals were then followed up 6 months after they were to complete their inpatient treatment to establish their alcohol-related outcomes. Outcomes from treatment were identified as an index of treatment effectiveness and the outcome data were analysed to determine whether any of the baseline variables could be used to predict outcomes from treatment.ResultsOf those who were contacted at 6-month follow-up, 81.5% had a ‘good outcome’. This represented 66.7% of the total group who participated in the study. The only variable that was found to predict outcomes at 6-month follow-up was severity of alcohol dependence at treatment entry, with more severe alcohol problems associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the potential for a Minnesota-based treatment programme to be effective in helping people with alcohol dependence to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume and sustain this reduction beyond the treatment period.

Is a history of alcohol problems or of psychiatric disorder associated with attrition at 11-year follow-up?

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Joseph J. Shayka ◽  
Stacey L. Marion ◽  
Collins E. Lewis ◽  
Elizabeth F. Pribor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
History Of

Sexual Abuse in People with Alcohol Problems

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moncrieff ◽  
D. Colin Drummond ◽  
Bridget Candy ◽  
Ken Checinski ◽  
Roger Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

BackgroundThere is evidence that people with a history of sexual abuse may have an increased risk of developing alcohol and drug problems.MethodA self-completion sexual abuse questionnaire was designed and administered to a sample of attenders at three London alcohol services. Drinking behaviour was assessed using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire and the Alcohol Problems Questionnaire, and additional data were derived from case notes.ResultsFifty-four per cent of women and 24% of men identified themselves as victims of sexual abuse or assault. For the majority this had started before the age of 16 and involved non-relatives. Subjects with a history of sexual abuse were younger, reached drinking milestones earlier, were more likely to have a family history of alcohol misuse and had more alcohol-related problems than non-abused subjects. Sexual abuse, age and alcohol dependence predicted level of problems in a regression analysis.ConclusionsThe high rates of sexual abuse and its association with indications of increased morbidity suggest it is an important issue for the management of alcohol problems. More use could be made of self-completion questionnaires for the investigation of sexual abuse.

Alcohol Problems among Women Working in the Home: Prevalence and Predictors

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jane Chetwynd ◽  
Verna Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Problem Drinkers ◽  
Major Life ◽  
History Of

A sample of 655 women was contacted whilst attending general practitioners' surgeries and questioned on numerous health and social matters. Follow-up interviews were held a year later in the women's homes and information on drinking behaviour and problems with drinking obtained. Almost 15% of the sample could be classified as problem drinkers on the basis of their responses to a ‘problems with drinking’ scale. Seven major variables were identified as being associated with problem drinking amongst these women. These included familial history of heavy drinking, depression, stress level, major life changes, reported alcohol consumption, usual type of leisure activities and abuse of substances such as coffee and tobacco which can result in dependency. Likelihood of problem drinking increased substantially with the number of adverse factors reported. It was concluded that knowledge of these factors would help the general practitioner in the identification of women with alcohol problems.

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A128-A128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H MALATY ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A ELKASABANY ◽  
S REDDY ◽  
S SRINIVASAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
History Of

Treatment of varicose tributaries with sclerotherapy with polidocanol 0.5 % foam

VASA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reich-Schupke ◽  
Weyer ◽  
Altmeyer ◽  
Stücker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Severe Adverse Effect ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Additional Therapy

Background: Although foam sclerotherapy of varicose tributaries is common in daily practice, scientific evidence for the optimal sclerosant-concentration and session-frequency is still low. This study aimed to increase the knowledge on foam sclerotherapy of varicose tributaries and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy with 0.5 % polidocanol in tributaries with 3-6 mm in diameter. Patients and methods: Analysis of 110 legs in 76 patients. Injections were given every second or third day. A maximum of 1 injection / leg and a volume of 2ml / injection were administered per session. Controls were performed approximately 6 months and 12 months after the start of therapy. Results: 110 legs (CEAP C2-C4) were followed up for a period of 14.2 ± 4.2 months. Reflux was eliminated after 3.4 ± 2.7 injections per leg. Insufficient tributaries were detected in 23.2 % after 6.2 ± 0.9 months and in 48.2 % after 14.2 ± 4.2 months, respectively. Only 30.9 % (34 / 110) of the legs required additional therapy. In 6.4 % vein surgery was performed, in 24.5 % similar sclerotherapy was repeated. Significantly fewer sclerotherapy-sessions were required compared to the initial treatment (mean: 2.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.0054). During the whole study period thrombophlebitis (8.2 %), hyperpigmentation (14.5 %), induration in the treated region (9.1 %), pain in the treated leg (7.3 %) and migraine (0.9 %) occurred. One patient with a history of thrombosis developed thrombosis of a muscle vein (0.9 %). After one year there were just hyperpigmentation (8.2 %) and induration (1.8 %) left. No severe adverse effect occurred. Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy with injections of 0.5 % polidocanol every 2nd or 3rd day, is a safe procedure for varicose tributaries. The evaluation of efficacy is difficult, as it can hardly be said whether the detected tributaries in the controls are recurrent veins or have recently developed in the follow-up period. The low number of retreated legs indicates a high efficacy and satisfaction of the patients.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

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