scholarly journals Chronologies for Recent Peat Deposits Using Wiggle-Matched Radiocarbon Ages: Problems with Old Carbon Contamination

Radiocarbon ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J Charman ◽  
Mark H Garnett
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Particulate Carbon ◽  
Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Carbon Contamination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Estimates

Dating sediments which have accumulated over the last few hundred years is critical to the calibration of longer-term paleoclimate records with instrumental climate data. We attempted to use wiggle-matched radiocarbon ages to date 2 peat profiles from northern England which have high-resolution records of paleomoisture variability over the last ∼300 yr. A total of 65 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements were made on 33 macrofossil samples. A number of the age estimates were older than expected and some of the oldest ages occurred in the upper parts of the sequence, which had been dated to the late 19th and early 20th century using other techniques. We suggest that the older 14C ages are the result of contamination by industrial pollution. Based on counts of spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), the potential aging effect for SCP carbon was calculated and shown to be appreciable for samples from the early 20th century. Ages corrected for this effect were still too old in some cases, which could be a result of fossil CO2 fixation, non-SCP particulate carbon, contamination due to imperfect cleaning of samples, or the “reservoir effect” from fixation of fossil carbon emanating from deeper peat layers. Wiggle matches based on the overall shape of the depth-14C relationship and the 14C minima in the calibration curve could still be identified. These were tested against other age estimates (210Pb, pollen, and SCPs) to provide new age-depth models for the profiles. New approaches are needed to measure the impact of industrially derived carbon on recent sediment ages to provide more secure chronologies over the last few hundred years.

Influences of Classical Indian Music in Albert Roussel’s Evocations

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
Noémi Karácsony ◽  
Mădălina Dana Rucsanda
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
20Th Century Music ◽  
Musical Discourse ◽  
Orchestral Work ◽  
Indian Music ◽  
Albert Roussel ◽  
The Impact

"An important figure of early 20th century music, the French composer Albert Roussel was deeply influenced by his encounter with India, which led to the composition of several orientalist works. The present paper aims to disclose the influences of classical Indian music in the orchestral work Evocations. Despite the Impressionist sound of the musical discourse, a careful analysis reveals the incorporation of several scalar structures in which Hindu rāgas can be recognized. Roussel goes beyond the musical representation of India: his goal is not the creation of a musical work with powerful oriental sound, but the evocation of the impact this encounter had on his creation. Situated at the crossroad of several stylistic orientations, Roussel incorporates Impressionist, Neo-classical and Post-romantic influences in rigorously devised structures, aiming to create an unusual and novel sound. Keywords: Albert Roussel, orientalism, Impressionism, India, rāga "

Protestant Confucianism: Kang Youwei’s Influence in Korea

Numen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-372
Author(s):  
Uri Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of Kang Youwei’s Confucius-church movement has not been limited to China proper. Korean intellectuals in the early 20th century had been in contact with Kang and his students, set up affiliated institutions in their homeland, and authored creative manifestos on the reformation of Confucianism. This article surveys the reform proposals of four representative Korean Confucians and analyzes their support of, and negotiations with, Kang’s Confucius religion. It illustrates how some Korean reformers chose to adopt only Kang’s “state-protecting Confucianism” or join the movement in form but not in content, while others embraced his vision more fully, depicting their own perennial versions of the Great Unity, and developing original formats of Confucian religious practice. These proposals highlight the remarkable ways in which Protestantism served as a central model for the Confucian religious reforms of the early 20th century.

scholarly journals Impact of Motherly Affection in Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Salma Parvin Suma
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
The Impact

Rabindranath Tagore’s Chokher Bali and D.H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers are two famous novels in the early 20th century from two different social culture. Both these novels have particular important issues in them to be discussed. As in Chokher Bali we find Tagore has presented his idea in feminism, man-woman relationship, woeful condition of widow in his contemporary society etc. In the same way in Sons and Lovers Lawrence has talked about critical mother-son relationship, social bondage among the characters, description of nature, problems in the lives of working class etc. Though Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers are from different social context but they can be compared through the commonly discussed issue in them that is complex mother-son relationship and the impact of motherhood to the sons. This paper is going to discuss the impact of excessive motherly affection to the life of son, similarities and dissimilarities in mother-son relationship in Chokher Bali and Sons and Lovers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3381310

scholarly journals El Instituto Internacional de Agricultura: España y la «cuestión social», 1905-1923

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Sánchez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Regulation

In the agrarian context of the early 20th century, networks of experts and interest groups were created. These formed institutions across state borders to achieve prestige derived from their supranational character and ostensible technical and scientific capacity. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact in Spain of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA), from the year of its creation until the advent of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, through the lens of the “social question”: a concept that popularized the proposals and disagreements surrounding labour regulation. The research draws from the latest contributions in transnational history and internationalism, recent secondary sources about the IIA and primary sources that reflect how transnational IIA networks worked in and with Spain to address agricultural labour issues. The article concludes that the intensely transnational connections between agrarian elites, owners and technicians in the early 20th century transformed social relations in agriculture and agrarian public policies in Spain.

scholarly journals Europeanization process in Hanoi in the early 20th Century – Viewed from changing social position of women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thúy Vy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Impact

The late nineteenth and early twentieth century was a period that Western culture had a strong influence on East Asia countries. The need for finding new markets and expanding colonies of Western countries made most countries of East Asia were at risk of becoming Western colonies. This historical situation forced East Asia countries - whether they like it or not - to "Europeanize" and to absorb Western civilization achievements to survive. However, whether the impacts of Europeanization on values of culture were positive or negative, the Europeanization was strongly depended on the cultural characteristics and processes in each country. In the early twentieth century, under the impact of the process of Europeanization, large cities in Vietnam - especially Hanoi - greatly transformed the appearance and functions from medieval to early modern cities. Through research on the changing social position of Hanoi women in the process of Europeanization in the early 20th century on four dimensions: Time, space, human, and methods, the paper indicated the reasons, characteristics, rules, trends of the fluctuation of cultural values ​​in Hanoi in the early 20th century under the impact of the Europeanization process.

scholarly journals ESPACIO TRASFRONTERIZO ENTRE BELICE Y MÉXICO A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX. ANÁLISIS SOCIO-DEMOGRÁFICO DEL IMPACTO DE LA MIGRACIÓN EN LA FORMACIÓN FAMILIAR

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Allan Ortega Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Migratory Process

Belice y México comparten características demográficas, culturales y económicas. Su gente fronteriza ha tenido procesos de sociabilidad, impactando en la formación de sus familias y su modo de asimilación a los lugares de destino al momento de migrar. Se evaluaron estos procesos a través de los registros civiles de nacimientos y defunciones de Corozal, Belice y del sur de Quintana Roo, México (1885 a 1955), con la finalidad de reconstruir las familias, de ahí se obtuvo información sobre su fecundidad y tipos de familias (endo/exogámicas). Los resultados muestran diferencias en estos rubros, por lo que cada grupo social (cultura íntima) vive diferente su proceso migratorio.   TRANSBORDER SPACE BETWEEN BELIZE AND MEXICO IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY: A SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON FAMILY FORMATIONABSTRACTBelize and Mexico share demographic, cultural and economic characteristics. Their bordering peoples have experienced sociability processes that have an impact on family formation and their mode of assimilation to their destinations when they migrate. These processes were evaluated through the civil registry of birth and death records in Corozal, Belize and South Quintana Roo, Mexico (from 1885 to 1955) with the purpose of reconstructing family composition. Information about fertility and family types (endo/exogamic families) was drawn from the same source. Results show differences in these areas. Each social group (intimate culture) thus has a different experience of its migratory process.

Masonų draugijų įtaka lituanistiniam sąjūdžiui Prūsijoje XVIII–XX a. pr

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kotryna Rekašiūtė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the Masonic Society on the Lithuanian national movement in Prussia: the 18th through the early 20th century

When the Business of Nursing was the Nursing Business: The Private Duty Registry System, 1900-1940

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Whelan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Nurse Role ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In the initial decades of the 20th century, most nurses worked in the private sector as private duty nurses dependent on their own resources for securing and obtaining employment with individual patients. To organize and systematize the ways in which nurses sought jobs, a structure of private duty registries, agencies which connected nurses with patients, was established via professional nurse associations. This article describes the origins of the private duty nurse labor market as the main employment field for early nurses and ways in which the private duty registry system connected nurses and patients. The impact of professional nurses associations and two registries, (New York and Chicago) illustrates how the business of nursing was carried out, including registry formation, operation, and administration. Private duty nurses are compelling examples of a previous generation of nurse entrepreneurs. The discussion identifies problems and challenges of private nursing practice via registries, including the decline and legacy of this innovative nurse role. The story of early 20th century nurse owned and operated registries provides an early and critical historical illustration of the realization of nurse power, entrepreneurship, and control over professional practice that we still learn from today.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document