THE ROLE OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTIONS: MEDIATING APPARATUS OF MORAL IDENTITY

Separation of strategic approaches and morals prompted various business outrages and untrustworthy practices in working environments. This encouraged researchers and practice holders to examine significance of ethical quality at work environment. In particular, the job that moral chiefs play in advancing positive representative practices is urgent. This examination article has featured the part of moral innovators in molding whistleblowing goals of their subordinates. Alongside, this exploration article has likewise researched the part of good character. An aggregate of four speculations, analyzing the immediate impact of moral initiative on moral personality and whistleblowing expectations and meditational job of good character were proposed. This exploration article embraced a period slacked research article plan and gathered data from representative friend dyads at three focuses on schedule. Number of respondents was 214; Cross-sectional technique was used for data collection. Respondents were selected from different services organizations from Multan. Data was analysed on SPSS and AMOS. Results were obtained by applying reliability test, ANOVA, Correlation test, and regression test by using PROCESS Macro. Results gained verified that the role of ethical leaders in shaping moral identity of employees as well as their whistleblowing intentions. The findings suggest that employees working under ethical leaders are inclined to stand up against malevolent and unethical practices taking place at their workplace. Thus, organizations must hire leaders with higher ethical inclinations and also train the existing leaders about importance of ethics. Moreover, this research article has highlighted multiple avenues for future research.

GESTATIONAL LOSS: EMOTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

This study attempts to verify the conditions of mothers who have gone through gestational loss. It is designed according to semi-structured interviews of affected mothers. Through semi-structured recorded interviews, directed questions were asked to ascertain perceptions that they were living through at that moment, about their adaptation to daily life, and about their mourning process and the quality of their professional activities. From the interviews, eight categorizations were created: symptoms of mourning; the time to return to work and daily routines; lack of societal recognition of mourning; mourning and spirituality; seeking of healthcare support; the fathers’ pain; the need of someone; who is this baby? And the following feelings were documented from the interviews: feelings of losing control of one’s life; broken dreams; feelings of incompleteness, guilt, and personal defeat; feelings of inferiority as a woman; subjective losses; losses in identity and eroticism; a woman’s role in society. Lastly, the study examines how gestational loss is unrecognized and unsupported by legislation, exposing a weakness in workers’ rights and unequal treatment regarding gender.

AN EXAMINATION OF INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS ON THE USE OF LIBRARY INFORMATION RESOURCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY IN ADAMAWA STATE

This study investigates the information literacy skill on the use of library information resources among undergraduate students in Adamawa State. The objectives of the study are to find out the level of information literacy skill of undergraduate student in Adamawa state, to determine the level of use of the information resources and to determine the challenges faced in the use of these information resources. Quantitative method of data collection was used using survey research design. The study revealed that most of the student has high level of information literary skill and they use information resource for academic purposes to a high extent, it was revealed from the findings that inadequate current reading and research materials are the major problem facing the use of information resources in University libraries in Adamawa.

COVID -19 AND THE PARALYSATION OF WOMEN LIVELIHOODS IN MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN MASVINGO URBAN, ZIMBABWE

Covid-19 has fast become a global catastrophic pandemic affecting all facets of life, including people’s livelihoods. Despite the devastating impact COVID-19 has caused across the globe, little has been researched on how lockdown intervention measures have affected livelihoods of entrepreneurial women. This study assesses how the conditions characterising the COVID-19 induced lockdown affected the livelihoods of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) entrepreneurial women in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. The study reveals that COVID-19 lockdown in Zimbabwe was (and continues to be) marred with enforced restrictions on women in the informal sector. Women in the urban areas were the most affected. The vulnerability context among urban women was characterised by shock, stress and restlessness. Based on findings of this study, we advance that COVID-19 induced lockdown paralysed entrepreneurial women’s capital assets thereby militating against their self-sustenance, self-reliance and advancement. The closure of markets, mobility permits, corruption on COVID-19 relief cash transfer and subsidised mealie-meal worsened the entrepreneurial women’s shocks, stresses and restlessness. We therefore conclude that the impact of COVID-19 has not only compromised nations’ food security and health systems, but most importantly paralysed entrepreneurial women’s livelihoods, yet women in the African context, musha mukadzi – without a mother there is no home.

A Mother’s Account About Lactation in the Context of Perinatal Death

Objective: To discuss the importance of listening and having a humanized intervention in regard to the donation of breastmilk in the context of perinatal death. Methodology: Content analysis of an interview with a mother in mourning that went through a traumatic lactation following a perinatal death. This case study is one of qualitative, longitudinal research, realized over two partially-structured interviews with parents who had lost their babies with less than 22 weeks of gestation at a public hospital, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from February to October 2019. Results: The interviews in the case of “Eva” (hypothetical name) presented significant suffering from lactation following the death of her child and her mourning process, which caught the authors’ attention about the importance of this topic. Conclusions: Women who have lost their babies before, during, or after birth should be offered the option of donating their breastmilk, to allow them to choose what to do with it, and then to counsel them during the mourning process.

An Unrecognizable Pain: Neonatal Loss and The Needs of Fathers

Objective: Verify the mourning and paternal suffering in the context of perinatal death, through interviews with the mothers that suffered a gestational loss. Methods: This study has a qualitative, longitudinal, and prospective research realized through two semi-structured interviews with parents who lost children with less than 22 weeks of gestation at the high-risk maternity ward at a public hospital, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from February-October 2019. In the interviews, a vital trait was paternal suffering, as evidenced by the mother's speech. This matter brought the authors attention. Results: The interviews in this study show evidence that men need to be tended regarding the time of neonatal loss. The women’s interviews expressed the suffering of their companions and demonstrated how they wished to share their pain with them during their period of mourning. The mothers provide evidence that they feel the need of their partners during gestational loss. Conclusions: Paternal suffering following neonatal loss is often ignored and forgotten about. Further research and directives of support, including supporting neonatal loss as part of the healthcare system, and meaningful steps to ensure quality treatment, are essential for making progress in this overlooked area.

Examining the Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies among EFL Learners in Baghlan University of Afghanistan

Vocabulary learning is one of the problems in language learning skills. Tackling such problems is to provide useful and effective strategies for enhancing students’ VLSs. Therefore, this study aims to survey vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) utilized among English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL) in Baghlan University of Afghanistan, and to study the high and least frequently used VLSs that contributes to the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. This study utilizes a descriptive quantitative research method with 67 EFL learners who participated in the survey questionnaire adopted from Oxford (1990) taxonomy of VLS from different faculties of Baghlan University. The findings indicated that EFL learners preferably utilize VLSs at a medium level, and the highly used vocabulary learning strategies are the social strategies through which they ask the native speakers, teachers, and classmates for the meanings of new words in English language conversation. Determination, cognitive, and memory strategies are respectively followed by the learners. Whereas, metacognitive strategies are the least used strategies among EFL learners, the reason is that they only focus on the materials related to examination; explore anything about the new words for learning, and rarely think of their improvement in vocabulary learning.

Examining the Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies among EFL Learners in Baghlan University of Afghanistan

Vocabulary learning is one of the problems in language learning skills. Tackling such problems is to provide useful and effective strategies for enhancing students’ VLSs. Therefore, this study aims to survey vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) utilized among English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL) in Baghlan University of Afghanistan, and to study the high and least frequently used VLSs that contributes to the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. This study utilizes a descriptive quantitative research method with 67 EFL learners who participated in the survey questionnaire adopted from Oxford (1990) taxonomy of VLS from different faculties of Baghlan University. The findings indicated that EFL learners preferably utilize VLSs at a medium level, and the highly used vocabulary learning strategies are the social strategies through which they ask the native speakers, teachers, and classmates for the meanings of new words in English language conversation. Determination, cognitive, and memory strategies are respectively followed by the learners. Whereas, metacognitive strategies are the least used strategies among EFL learners, the reason is that they only focus on the materials related to examination; explore anything about the new words for learning, and rarely think of their improvement in vocabulary learning.

Implications of Short Message Service (Text Messaging) on English Languge Writing and Learning Among Secondary School Students

The study investigated commonly used abbreviated words among the sampled population. It also determined the difference between those that abbreviated words and those that did not abbreviated words. The study revealed the list of abbreviated words in the study. And also ascertained which gender abbreviated words most. These were with a view to provide information on the implications of SMS language on English Language writing and learning of the students. The study adopted quantitative survey research design. The population for the study Comprised 83 senior secondary school students in Olorunda Local Government, Osun State. The sample size comprised 100 respondents, selected using multistage sampling technique. One Local Government Area (LGA) was selected from thirty Local Governments in the state using simple random sampling technique. From the LGA, four senior secondary school was selected using simple random sampling technique and from each school, 25 students were selected from senior secondary school II using simple random sampling technique. The students were taught for forty minutes on how to write a letter devoid of using abbreviated words and after the lesson, the students were asked to write a letter to their father informing him about social amenities in your school. Those letters were collected, marked and converted to data for this study. Data collected was analyzed using simple percentages. Those letter were collected, marked and converted to data for this study. The result showed commonly used abbreviated words by the respondents such as, pls (please) 9 times by 9 students, u (you) 26 times by 10 students , and fyn (fine) 5 times and so on. The result also revealed 51 students (representing 61.4%) did not abbreviated words in the letter writing and 32 students (representing 38.6%) abbreviated words in the letter. The result showed that female gender was the gender that abbreviated words most in the letter with 49% and male with 35%. Lastly, the result also revealed percentage of students that used abbreviated words 38.6% of the students used abbreviated words while 61.4% of the 100% total population did not used abbreviated words The study concluded that use of abbreviated words did not have effect on English language learning and writing among secondary school students in Olorunda Local Government, Osun State.

Social Studies Teachers’ Readiness to Teach the Security Education Theme in the Reviewed Edition of Nigeria’s Basic Education Curriculum

This study analysed Social Studies teachers’ readiness to teach Security Education. 720 practicing Social Studies teachers drawn from 72 Junior Secondary schools in the South Western Nigeria were administered with a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using simple non-parametric statistics. Findings showed that the teachers have a significantly low knowledge and awareness of the components of the Theme-Security Education. However, the teachers’ readiness to acquire additional useful knowledge and skills required for handling Security Education alongside their area of specialisation (Social Studies) was found to be significantly high. The teachers perceived the inclusion of Security Education in the reviewed Curriculum as a development that will create a significantly higher workload for them. Nevertheless, their response showed a relatively high degree of negative disposition towards the handling of the newly introduced Security Education theme in National Values class Based on these findings necessary recommendations focusing on the need for training and organizing workshops for curriculum implementers were suggested.