Mālvan—Further Light on the Southern Extension of the Indus Civilization

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Allchin ◽  
J. P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
Indus Civilization ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Principal Directions ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Ganges

In 1947 partition left India without a single site attributable to the Indus civilization. During the past two decades there has been a considerable extension of our knowledge, due mainly to the explorations and excavations of the Archaeological Survey of India. It now appears as though the Harappan culture spread into India in two principal directions: north-eastwards into the eastern Panjāb and across the Indo-Gangetic divide into the plains that lie between the Ganges and Jamunā rivers; and south-eastwards into Kacch and Kāṭhiāwār, and thence perhaps inland towards southern Rājāsthān and into the coastal region of Gujarāt. In the north the principal sites are at Rūpar in the Panjāb, Alamgīrpur in U.P., and Kālibangan in north Rājāsthān. In the south the principal excavated site is at Lothal on the Gulf of Cambay. In particular the extensive excavations at Kālibangan and Lothal have provided a mass of solid data relating to the Harappan settlements and series of well stratified radio-carbon dates. In 1957 S. R. Rao explored southern Gujarāt and in the light of his discoveries at a number of sites there he proposed a sequence of three stages of “Harappan” and “late Harappan” cultures. These he showed might be related to the sequence revealed by his excavations at Lothal and Rangpur in Saurāṣṭra. Rao's exploration suggested a number of interesting questions.

scholarly journals A Study of the Surface Air Temperature Variations in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Yusuf ◽  
Daniel Okoh ◽  
Ibrahim Musa ◽  
Samson Adedoja ◽  
Rabia Said
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
North Central ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Background: Simultaneous measurements of air temperature were carried out using automatic weather stations at 14 tropical locations in Nigeria. Diurnal variations were derived from the 5-minute update cycle initial data for the years ranging between 2007 and 2013. The temperature trends in Nigeria revealed a continuous variability that is seasonally dependent within any particular year considered. Method: The analysis was carried out using available data from the network and the results are presented with a focus to characterize the temperature variations at different locations in the country using the mean, maximum and minimum temperatures from the north which is arid in nature to the south, which is a tropical monsoon climate type and a coastal region. Result: In overall, temperature variations in Nigeria were observed to have higher values in the far north, attributed to the influence of Sahara Desert, which has less cloud cover and therefore is more transparent to solar irradiance and lowers values in the south, where there are more cloud cover and abundant vegetation. Conclusion: Measured maximum and minimum temperatures in Nigeria are respectively 43.1°C at Yola (north-east part of Nigeria) and 10.2°C for Jos (north-central part of Nigeria). The least temperature variations were recorded for stations in the southern part of the country, while the largest variations were recorded in the north-central region of the country.

scholarly journals ‘Et pour les Belges la même chose’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Marc Boone ◽  
Tom Verschaffel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
University History ◽  
Past Half

Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was en is een Nederlands-Belgisch project. Belgische, in de realiteit enkel Vlaamse, historici hebben een rol gespeeld in de redactie en als auteurs van bijdragen. Het aandeel van het Zuiden is altijd kleiner geweest dan dat van het Noorden. Het tijdschrift poogde via een (meestal) paritaire samenstelling van de redactie en initiatieven, zoals comparatief opgezette themadossiers, de balans te herstellen. Aangezien het tijdschrift, zeker wat het Zuiden betreft, nauw verbonden was met de universitaire historische vakgroepen, in het bijzonder die van Gent en Leuven, weerspiegelen de evoluties van dit Belgische aandeel algemene verschuivingen in het academisch bedrijf. Uitbreiding van de onderzoeksfinanciering zorgde voor een aangroei en voor een verjonging en vervrouwelijking van het auteursbestand en van de redactie. Ook andere ontwikkelingen in het historisch bedrijf van de voorbije halve eeuw, zoals het verschijnen van nieuwe tijdschriften en de internationalisering van het onderzoek, hadden een impact op de plaats van het tijdschrift en bijgevolg ook op Vlaamse bijdragen en hun auteurs.Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was and is a Dutch-Belgian project. Belgian, though in fact only Flemish, historians have edited and authored contributions. The share from the South has always been smaller than that from the North. Via a generally balanced composition of the editorial board and initiatives, such as comparatively structured special issues and forums, the journal aimed to restore the balance. Since the journal, especially in the South, was closely affiliated with university history departments, those of the universities of Ghent and Leuven in particular, the evolutions of this Belgian share therefore reflect general shifts in academia. Expansion of research financing brought about accretion, rejuvenation and feminisation of the stock of authors and editors alike. Other developments in historical scholarship from the past half century, such as the appearance of new journals and internationalisation of research, had an impact on the positioning of the journal and consequently on Flemish contributions and their authors as well.

On the northern rockling Ciliata septentrionalis (Collett) in the Plymouth area

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dando
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

The known range of the northern rockling, Ciliata septentrionalis, extends from Iceland and northern Norway in the north to Plymouth in the south (Wheeler, 1965). This species has probably been confused with the five-bearded rockling, C. mustela (L.), in the past (Wheeler, 1969) and this together with the small size of the fish, enabling it to escape through the mesh of most trawls, may explain the paucity of records and knowledge of the species. Brook, (1885, 1888) described the egg and larval development of C. mustela but the egg and larva of C. septentrionalis have not been described. It is probable that the abundance of both these species can only be estimated by a combination of fecundity studies and egg and larval counts.

Tectonophysique comparee des chaines telliennes et rifaines

1952 ◽  
Vol S6-II (7-9) ◽  
pp. 619-639
Author(s):  
Louis Glangeaud
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Order ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Second Order ◽  
North African ◽  
The South ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
The North ◽  
The Alps

Abstract Correlates the structure and evolution of the Atlas ranges of the Tell and Rif regions and presents a general structural interpretation of the north African coastal region. The Miocene thrusts in the south are local regional adjustments (of the fourth order) to second-order processes occurring farther to the north--compression of the Alps in upper Nummulitic time (Tertiary).

Growing multicentennial-scale precipitation variability in Eastern Brazil during the late Holocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bahr ◽  
Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr ◽  
Andrea Jaeschke ◽  
Christiano Chiessi ◽  
Francisco Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
The North Atlantic

<p>Eastern Brazil belongs to the ecologically most vulnerable regions on Earth due to its extreme intra- and inter-annual variability in precipitation amount. In order to constrain the driving forces behind this strong natural fluctuations we investigated a high-resolution sediment core taken off the Jequitinhonha river mouth in central E Brazil to reconstruct Holocene river run-off and moisture availability in the river’s catchment. Modern day climate in the hinterland of the Jequitinhonha is influenced by the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM), in particular by the manifestation of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) during austral summer. Variations in the position and strength of the SACZ will have immediate impact on the moisture balance over the continent and hence influence sediment and water delivery. Our multi-proxy records, comprising XRF core-scanning, grain size, mineralogical (XRD), as well as organic biomarker analyses indicate abrupt centennial scale variations between dry and wet conditions throughout the past ~5 kyrs. Our results document a gradual weakening of the SASM over the past ~2,7 kyrs driven by changes in the intertropical heat distribution. This long-term trend is superposed by centennial to millennial-scale spatial shifts in moisture distribution that result from migrations of the SACZ. The combination of both processes caused increasingly pronounced aridity spells in eastern South America over the past 2 kyrs. As the spatial fluctuations were triggered by freshwater anomalies in the North Atlantic, we surmise that enhanced meltwater input into the North Atlantic due to future global warming might severely increase the risk for mega-droughts in tropical South America.</p>

KING HENRY I AND NORTHERN ENGLAND

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Green
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Dynastic Politics

AbstractEngland north of the Humber and the Mersey in the early twelfth century has in the past tended to be discussed in the context of the development of the monarchy. The Normans moved into the northern counties later and in fewer numbers than the south, and in the wake of the Norman settlement the north came to be more fully integrated into the southern kingdom. A fresh perspective on the period is gained by comparing Henry I's rule over the north with that in other regions of England, Wales and Normandy. Its keys were old-style dynastic politics and patronage, and his achievement that of bringing peace to the region.

scholarly journals Possible origin of the bluetongue epidemic in Cyprus, August 1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers ◽  
E. P. J. Gibbs ◽  
K. A. J. Herniman ◽  
D. E. Pedgley ◽  
M. R. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
The South ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

Possible origins of an epidemic of bluetongue in Cyprus in August 1977 have been analysed. First outbreaks occurred simultaneously in the south-east of the Famagusta district and on the north coast of the Kyrenia district respectively. Although the epidemic was due to type 4, which had been responsible for the previous outbreak in 1969, no evidence of persistence of virus could be found. Imports of domestic animals in the past year were not implicated since the imported cattle were introduced only to the southern part and not to the northern part of the island. Easterly, north-easterly and northerly winds during the period 11–14 August could have brought infected midges at a height of 0.5–1.5 km from Syria and Turkey, and such a movement would fit well the dates of the first outbreaks (20–25 August). Temperatures at a height of 1.5 km were 20–25 °C and at 0.5 km 30–35 °C, and with wind speeds 10–20 km h−1 the distance from Turkey and Syria would have been covered in 5–20 h. It follows that, in addition to surface winds, winds at all levels warm enough for flight should be taken into account when the possibility of disease spread by windborne midges is being assessed.

scholarly journals Other Zebras

Oryx ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
T. J. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Africa

Although scattered and greatly reduced in numbers, Hartmann's Zebras (form(s) of Mountain Zebra) still seem to occur over practically the whole mountainous coastal region of South-West Africa, west of the Namib, from the Orange River in the south to beyond the Cunene in the north.

scholarly journals Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Craig ◽  
Mathilde L. Schade-Weskott ◽  
Henry J. Harris ◽  
Livio Heath ◽  
Gideon J. P. Kriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

Sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs and Ornithodoros ticks that live in warthog burrows historically occurred in northern South Africa. Outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs originated in this region. A controlled area was declared in the north in 1935 and regulations were implemented to prevent transfer of potentially infected suids or products to the rest of the country. However, over the past six decades, warthogs have been widely translocated to the south where the extralimital animals have flourished to become an invasive species. Since 2016, there have been outbreaks of ASF in pigs outside the controlled area that cannot be linked to transfer of infected animals or products from the north. An investigation in 2008–2012 revealed that the presence of Ornithodoros ticks and ASFV in warthog burrows extended marginally across the boundary of the controlled area. We found serological evidence of ASFV circulation in extralimital warthogs further south in the central part of the country.

scholarly journals A Folio from the Vukan Gospel (1196–1202): A Predecessor to “Bosnian” (Western Serbian) Manuscripts of the 13th–15th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-227
Author(s):  
Viktor Savić ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

According to M. Pešikan, Fol. 10 from the Vukan Gospel (10a.8–10g.21) was almost entirely written by Scribe IV, one of the eight scribes involved in writing out the original book. The greatest part of the manuscript was written by the monk Simeon. Scribe IV was a follower of an ancient, non-calligraphic Cyrillic tradition, older than any other tradition identified in this manuscript. In terms of palaeographic and orthographic features, he was a predecessor of the "Bosnian" codices of the 13th–15th centuries. This confirms that there was a direct link between the Serbian literacy tradition in Bosnia and the earlier literacy tradition in Raška, namely one of its many lines. Further, in the past, this tradition can be traced back to the South Slavic literacy tradition developed in the Byzantine Empire, in the territory of present-day Macedonia. The concept of the "southern line", which has so far been used in explaining the origins of western Serbian, "Bosnian" literary monuments, acquires a different meaning in this light: a crucial hub in spreading literacy from the south to the north were Serbian scriptoria – from northern Macedonia, through Kosovo and Metohija, to Raška – where the Serbian recension was fist-shaped and then spread further to the west, to Bosnia.

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