Long-Term Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in Two Cropping Systems

Three herbicides, amine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were applied for field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) control in grain/summerfallow or grain/legume rotations. After the first year all herbicide retreatments were made using 2,4-D amine. The 2,4-D treatment at 3.4 kg/ha gave 65% field bindweed control. Field bindweed control averaged 17% higher when the 2,4-D was applied in August rather than July. The 3.4-kg/ha rate gave 45% better field bindweed control than the 1.1 kg/ha rate. Dicamba at 6.7 kg/ha gave 90% field bindweed control and glyphosate at 4.5 kg/ha gave 86% control. Dicamba persisted in the soil for 1 to 3 yr after application and caused winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) yield loss. Crop yields were highest more than 90% of the time from plots treated with 2,4-D or glyphosate.

Download Full-text

Field Bindweed Control with Cultivation, Cropping, and Chemicals

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500034275 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 590-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lyle A. Derscheid ◽

J. F. Stritzke ◽

Wayne G. Wright

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotations ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Term Basis ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Various combinations of crops, herbicides, and tillage were evaluated for field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) control in western South Dakota. Four crop rotations (continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), wheat-fallow, wheat-sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), and wheat-sorghum-fallow) were modified by the application of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and/or the use of post-harvest tillage. Intensive cultivation and 2,4-D treatment were used to aid in the control of field bindweed in forage crops grown on a long-term basis and in conjunction with small grain rotations. Treatment with 2,4-D in a grain crop and with non-selective herbicides after harvest were tested. Crops were planted the succeeding 2 or 3 years and observed for effect of chemical residue. The established plants could be essentially eliminated while utilizing adapted crop rotations. The use of 2,4-D alone or in combination with cultivation made it possible to reduce the stand of field bindweed (20.7 to 22.2 shoots/sq yd) 90% or more in 3 years in all rotations. A ¾-lb/A rate of 2,4-D in June prevented seed production, killed susceptible plants, and weakened the remaining plants, but a follow-up treatment of 2,4-D in the fall, post-harvest cultivation, or post-harvest treatment with herbicides such as 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was necessary to kill them.

Download Full-text

YIELD TRENDS AND APPARENT NUTRIENT BALANCES IN INTENSIFIED AND DIVERSIFIED RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447979900201x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 181-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. R. PASCUA JR ◽

W. VENTURA ◽

E. O. AGUSTIN ◽

A. T. PADRE ◽

D. A. VALENCIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

First Year ◽

Wet Season ◽

Crop Residue Incorporation ◽

Yield Trends ◽

Term Field

A long-term field trial was conducted to determine yield trends in relation to nutrient uptake and efficiency in different rice-based cropping systems. The cropping systems had a significant effect on wet season rice yield when residues were not recycled but had no effect otherwise. Rice yield decreased after the first year of crop residue incorporation but increased every year thereafter. Rice yield was significantly affected by residual nutrients applied to dry season crops. The highest residual effect was observed in tomato and sweet pepper to which the highest nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rates were applied. Maize, sweet pepper, and tomato responded well to NPK application, garlic had a low response and mungbean had no response. A relay crop served as a catch crop for excess nutrients and as shade to minimize sunscald effects for tomato and sweet pepper fruits.

Download Full-text

Response and adaptation of soybean systems to climate warming in Northeast China: insights gained from long-term field trials

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp11167 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 876 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. F. Zheng ◽

L. D. Chen ◽

X. Z. Han

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Growing Season ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Term Field

Developing and assessing successful strategies to alleviate adverse impact of climate warming presents a new opportunity for sustainable agriculture and adaptation investment. Efforts to anticipate adaptation of cropping systems may benefit from understanding the global warming effects within decades. This study quantitatively examines the temperature warming impacts during, respectively, growing season and seed filling on soybean yields by using data from long-term field fertilisation experiments from 1987 to 2004. Here we report that grain yields significantly decreased with rising temperature during growing season, whereas the effects of increasing temperature at seed-filling stage on crop yields were significantly positive. The results indicate that a further temperature increment during seed filling appears to decrease soybean system’s risk of yield reduction. Importantly, we inferred that earlier occurrence of seed filling would increase the temperature of this period. The implication is that advancing the onset of soybean seed filling could be an effective adaptation option to global warming, providing an average yield benefit of ~14% per 10 days before the present date.

Download Full-text

Field Bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)Control in Corn(Zea mays)and Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)with Dicamba and 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450006478x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 665-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer ◽

J. F. Swink ◽

P. E. Heikes

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Fall Application

Control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensisL.) on irrigated land was studied by application of herbicides once in the fall and then only in the spring for the next 4 yr. Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively. Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year. By the fall of the fourth year, field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots. Yield of corn(Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr. Yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots, but in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.

Download Full-text

Field Bindweed Control with Dicamba and 2,4-D, and Crop Response to Chemical Residues

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500051134 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 717-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer ◽

J. F. Swink

Keyword(s):

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Herbicide Treatment ◽

Combined Use ◽

Chemical Residues ◽

Top Soil ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Irrigation Control ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Field Beans

Under furrow irrigation, control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) was at least 90% where 4.5 and 6.7 kg/ha of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) had been applied 1 year before. Dicamba at 2.2 kg/ha, mixtures of dicamba and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), and 2,4-D alone were less effective. No herbicide treatment had eradicated field bindweed after 3 years, but the combined use of herbicides, tillage, and crop competition had suppressed the growth of field bindweed by 31 to 55%. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) seedlings appeared normal where 2,4-D had been applied 8 months earlier, but over 90% of the seedlings were killed in plots treated with dicamba. Treatment with 2.2 kg/ha of 2,4-D and dicamba, singly or in combination, resulted in yields of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) significantly greater than yields from the untreated field bindweed check. The 4.5 and 6.7-kg/ha rates of dicamba still affected sugarbeets during the second year following treatment. Corn (Zea maysL.) production was not affected in the third year by any herbicide treatment. Dicamba, applied at 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 kg/ha, persisted in the upper 15 cm of top soil for at least 12 months in amounts that were phytotoxic to field beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and sugarbeets.

Download Full-text

Control of Canada Thistle and Field Bindweed in Asparagus

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500065012 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 458-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. G. Ogg

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Repeated Applications ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) were controlled in asparagus (Asparagus officinalisL. ‘Mary Washington’) fields by repeated applications of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.6 kg/ha or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + dicamba at 1.1 + 0.3 or 1.1 + 0.6 kg/ha. Applications of 2,4-D + dicamba at 1.1 + 0.6 kg/ha in early May and again in mid-June controlled 97% of the Canada thistle in asparagus fields. A third application about August 1 was required to give similar control of field bindweed. Rates of dicamba exceeding 0.6 kg/ha injured the asparagus.

Download Full-text

Outcomes of Long-Term Conservation Tillage Research in Northern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12031062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francis Azumah Chimsah ◽

Liqun Cai ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Renzhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Arable Land ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Northern China ◽

Total N

Sustainable food production has long been a priority for mankind and this is being challenged by limited arable land, challenged landscapes, and higher human population growth. China started conservation farming around the 1950’s. However, main Conservation Tillage (CT) research started in 1992. Using a systematic meta-analysis approach, this review aims at examining China’s approach to CT and to characterize the main outcomes of long-term CT research across northern China. Data from organizations in charge of CT research in China showed an improvement in crop yield of at least 4% under double cropping systems and 6% under single cropping systems in dry areas of northern China. Furthermore, long-term CT practices were reported to have improved soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, pore size, and aggregate stability), soil nutrient levels, and reduction in greenhouse gas emission. Other benefits include significant increase in income levels and protection of the environment. Limitations to CT practice highlighted in this study include occasional reduction in crop yields during initial years of cropping, significant reduction in total N of soils, increase in N2O emission, and the need for customized machinery for its implementation. Outcomes of CT practice are ecologically and economically beneficial though its limitations are worth cogitating.

Download Full-text

A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE: I. Fertility levels and crop yields in a rotation of swedes, oats and hay

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss60-019 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 136-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. B. MacLeod ◽

R. F. Bishop ◽

L. P. Jackson ◽

C. R. MacEachern ◽

E. T. Goring

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchangeable Potassium ◽

Soluble Phosphorus ◽

Initial Content ◽

Term Field

In a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, a rotation of swedes, oats and hay was followed and treatments included commercial fertilizers and manure.Changes in the chemical composition of the soil during the experiment included significant decreases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. In no case was the initial content of exchangeable potassium maintained and although changes in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were negligible with a number of treatments only one resulted in a significant increase.The treatments were applied in the swede year and yield differences with this crop were greater than for either the oats or hay. Data for the latter two crops indicated that with most of the treatments there was a tendency for yields to decline as the experiment progressed. This was not the case with swedes where variation in yields with rotation cycles was greater than it was in the case of oats or hay. There was a considerable residual effect from manure, and phosphorus had a greater effect on yields than either nitrogen or potassium.

Download Full-text

Effects of 2,4-D and Amino Acids on Field Bindweed in Vitro

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500031921 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 135-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. G. Harvey ◽

T. J. Muzik

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Culture Media ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Agar Media ◽

Differential Binding ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two clones of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) which differed in their susceptibility to (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) under field and greenhouse conditions also exhibited similar differences when stem cells were cultured in liquid and agar media. Amino acids added to the culture media altered the response to 2,4-D. Glutamic acid increased the tolerance of the susceptible (S) clone, but reduced the tolerance of the resistant (R) clone. Glutamine increased the susceptibility of the S clone to a much greater degree than it did the R clone. No significant differences were noted in the rates of absorption of metabolism of 2,4-D by the two clones. Glutamine increased and glutamic acid decreased 2,4-D absorption by both clones. Levels of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), soluble protein (SP), and gross RNA (GR) increased in the S tissues but decreased or remained constant in the R tissues exposed to 4.5 × 10−5M 2,4-D. Correlations between 2,4-D susceptibility and NRA demonstrated a relationship between the effects of 2,4-D and nitrogen metabolism. Differential binding of 2,4-D within the cells appears to be the most likely explanation for the differences in response to 2,4-D.

Download Full-text