Response and adaptation of soybean systems to climate warming in Northeast China: insights gained from long-term field trials

Developing and assessing successful strategies to alleviate adverse impact of climate warming presents a new opportunity for sustainable agriculture and adaptation investment. Efforts to anticipate adaptation of cropping systems may benefit from understanding the global warming effects within decades. This study quantitatively examines the temperature warming impacts during, respectively, growing season and seed filling on soybean yields by using data from long-term field fertilisation experiments from 1987 to 2004. Here we report that grain yields significantly decreased with rising temperature during growing season, whereas the effects of increasing temperature at seed-filling stage on crop yields were significantly positive. The results indicate that a further temperature increment during seed filling appears to decrease soybean system’s risk of yield reduction. Importantly, we inferred that earlier occurrence of seed filling would increase the temperature of this period. The implication is that advancing the onset of soybean seed filling could be an effective adaptation option to global warming, providing an average yield benefit of ~14% per 10 days before the present date.

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Long-Term Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in Two Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004100x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 476-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dean G. Swan

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Grain Legume ◽

First Year ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Term Field

Three herbicides, amine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were applied for field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) control in grain/summerfallow or grain/legume rotations. After the first year all herbicide retreatments were made using 2,4-D amine. The 2,4-D treatment at 3.4 kg/ha gave 65% field bindweed control. Field bindweed control averaged 17% higher when the 2,4-D was applied in August rather than July. The 3.4-kg/ha rate gave 45% better field bindweed control than the 1.1 kg/ha rate. Dicamba at 6.7 kg/ha gave 90% field bindweed control and glyphosate at 4.5 kg/ha gave 86% control. Dicamba persisted in the soil for 1 to 3 yr after application and caused winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) yield loss. Crop yields were highest more than 90% of the time from plots treated with 2,4-D or glyphosate.

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Effect of Heat Resource Effectiveness Change on Rice Potential Yield in Southern China

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 896

Author(s):

Qing Ye ◽

Xiaoguang Yang ◽

Wenjuan Xie ◽

Junmeng Yao ◽

Zhe Cai

Keyword(s):

Southern China ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Growing Season ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Effective Heat ◽

Rice Growing Season

During the rice growing season, farmers’ decisions about cropping systems and seed varieties directly affect the utilization of heat resource, and eventually affect the potential yield. In this study, we used the hourly accumulated temperature model to calculate the available heat resource as well as the effective heat resource in southern China. We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of the heat resource effectiveness during rice growing season and an impact assessment of heat resource effectiveness on rice potential yield and cereal yield reduction. The results showed that, during the period of 1951–2015, heat resource effectiveness generally declined in the rice cropping area of southern China. And this decrease worsened during the most recent three decades compared with the period of 1951–1980. A strong correlation was detected between heat resource effectiveness and rice potential yield in the study area. When the effective heat resource during the growing season increased by 1 °C·d, rice potential yield would increase by 14 kg ha−1. For each percentage increase in heat resource effectiveness, the rice potential yield reduction rate would go down by 0.65%. This agro-climatological study aims to offer a scientific basis for rice production decisions in southern China, such as when to plant, which varieties to choose and so on.

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Outcomes of Long-Term Conservation Tillage Research in Northern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12031062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francis Azumah Chimsah ◽

Liqun Cai ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Renzhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Arable Land ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Northern China ◽

Total N

Sustainable food production has long been a priority for mankind and this is being challenged by limited arable land, challenged landscapes, and higher human population growth. China started conservation farming around the 1950’s. However, main Conservation Tillage (CT) research started in 1992. Using a systematic meta-analysis approach, this review aims at examining China’s approach to CT and to characterize the main outcomes of long-term CT research across northern China. Data from organizations in charge of CT research in China showed an improvement in crop yield of at least 4% under double cropping systems and 6% under single cropping systems in dry areas of northern China. Furthermore, long-term CT practices were reported to have improved soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, pore size, and aggregate stability), soil nutrient levels, and reduction in greenhouse gas emission. Other benefits include significant increase in income levels and protection of the environment. Limitations to CT practice highlighted in this study include occasional reduction in crop yields during initial years of cropping, significant reduction in total N of soils, increase in N2O emission, and the need for customized machinery for its implementation. Outcomes of CT practice are ecologically and economically beneficial though its limitations are worth cogitating.

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A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE: I. Fertility levels and crop yields in a rotation of swedes, oats and hay

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss60-019 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 136-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. B. MacLeod ◽

R. F. Bishop ◽

L. P. Jackson ◽

C. R. MacEachern ◽

E. T. Goring

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchangeable Potassium ◽

Soluble Phosphorus ◽

Initial Content ◽

Term Field

In a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, a rotation of swedes, oats and hay was followed and treatments included commercial fertilizers and manure.Changes in the chemical composition of the soil during the experiment included significant decreases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. In no case was the initial content of exchangeable potassium maintained and although changes in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were negligible with a number of treatments only one resulted in a significant increase.The treatments were applied in the swede year and yield differences with this crop were greater than for either the oats or hay. Data for the latter two crops indicated that with most of the treatments there was a tendency for yields to decline as the experiment progressed. This was not the case with swedes where variation in yields with rotation cycles was greater than it was in the case of oats or hay. There was a considerable residual effect from manure, and phosphorus had a greater effect on yields than either nitrogen or potassium.

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YIELD TRENDS AND APPARENT NUTRIENT BALANCES IN INTENSIFIED AND DIVERSIFIED RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447979900201x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 181-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. R. PASCUA JR ◽

W. VENTURA ◽

E. O. AGUSTIN ◽

A. T. PADRE ◽

D. A. VALENCIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

First Year ◽

Wet Season ◽

Crop Residue Incorporation ◽

Yield Trends ◽

Term Field

A long-term field trial was conducted to determine yield trends in relation to nutrient uptake and efficiency in different rice-based cropping systems. The cropping systems had a significant effect on wet season rice yield when residues were not recycled but had no effect otherwise. Rice yield decreased after the first year of crop residue incorporation but increased every year thereafter. Rice yield was significantly affected by residual nutrients applied to dry season crops. The highest residual effect was observed in tomato and sweet pepper to which the highest nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rates were applied. Maize, sweet pepper, and tomato responded well to NPK application, garlic had a low response and mungbean had no response. A relay crop served as a catch crop for excess nutrients and as shade to minimize sunscald effects for tomato and sweet pepper fruits.

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Soil properties currently limiting crop yields in Swedish agriculture – An analysis of 90 yield survey districts and 10 long-term field experiments

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2020.126132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 126132

Author(s):

Holger Kirchmann ◽

Gunnar Börjesson ◽

Martin A. Bolinder ◽

Thomas Kätterer ◽

Faruk Djodjic

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Term Field

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Comparison of Conventional and IPM Cropping Systems: A Risk Efficiency Analysis

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/aae.2020.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 385-397

Author(s):

Ming Su Lavik ◽

Gudbrand Lien ◽

Audun Korsaeth ◽

J. Brian Hardaker

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Efficiency Analysis ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Conventional System ◽

Using Data ◽

Initial Results ◽

Term Field

AbstractTo support decision-makers considering adopting integrated pest management (IPM) cropping in Norway, we used stochastic efficiency analysis to compare the risk efficiency of IPM cropping and conventional cropping, using data from a long-term field experiment in southeastern Norway, along with data on recent prices, costs, and subsidies. Initial results were not definitive, so we applied stochastic efficiency with respect to a function, limiting the assumed risk aversion of farmers to a plausible range. We found that, for farmers who are risk-indifferent to moderately (hardly) risk averse, the conventional system was, compared to IPM, less (equally) preferred.

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Alley Cropping Increases Land Use Efficiency and Economic Profitability Across the Combination Cultivation Period

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9010034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Huasen Xu ◽

Huaxing Bi ◽

Lubo Gao ◽

Lei Yun

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Short Term Experiment

Alley cropping allows the famer to effectively use available resources and yield more benefits. Choosing suitable associated crop and mitigating the competition between trees and crops are crucial for designing the alley cropping systems. We conducted a long-term experiment, including apple (Malus pumila)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea), apple/millet (Setaria italica) and apple/maize (Zea mays) alley cropping systems with conventional intercropping distance, and corresponding monocultures (Exp.1), and a short-term experiment with improved intercropping distance in the same three combinations (Exp.2) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed crop yields in three alley cropping systems were lower than the corresponding monocultures. Apple yields were significantly constrained by millet and maize in the alley cropping systems, but not sensitive to the presence of peanut. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 before the tree bore fruit. The LERs were greater than 1.0 after the tree bore fruit, and the apple trees made a decisive contribution to the land use advantage. Net present values of three alley cropping systems were on average 60.1% higher than the corresponding monocultures across the alley cropping period. The maximum annual present value in the first–fifth, sixth and seventh–ninth years after the alley cropping establishment was observed in the apple/maize, apple/millet and apple/peanut system, respectively. These results highlight that choosing the optimal alley cropping management and suitable associated crops at different years after establishment may allow farmers to increase the land use efficiency and economic profitability.

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