Comparative Biocontrol of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)and Yellow Nutsedge (C. esculentus)withBactra verutanaunder Greenhouse Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
R. D. Williams ◽  
P. C. Quimby ◽  
R. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.) appeared to be equally acceptable for oviposition by cagedBactra verutanaZeller, but purple nutsedge was significantly more suitable as a host: 90% of the larvae survived to maturity on purple nutsedge compared with 65% on yellow nutsedge. Responses of the plant species to both larval feeding injury and plant density were similar but purple nutsedge tended to be injured more than yellow nutsedge. At a high shoot density (nine shoots per pot), production of tubers by purple nutsedge was more adversely affected by feeding of five larvae per shoot than was production by yellow nutsedge: tuber dry weights were reduced 93 and 80% and numbers of tubers per pot were reduced 77 and 62%, respectively. Production of inflorescences was greatly reduced in both species. The effect ofB. verutanaon inflorescences may be more important for yellow nutsedge, which is generally considered to reproduce freely by seeds. Both species of nutsedge probably would be about equally affected by augmentation ofB. verutanapopulations as a method of biological control.

Interactions betweenBactra verutanaand the Development of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)Grown Under Three Temperature Regimes

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
R. D. Williams ◽  
R. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Temperature Regimes

For effective biological control through augmentation,Bactra verutanaZeller, would have to be released against purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) in May and June when temperatures are cooler than they are from late July through September when maximal natural populations of this biological control agent occur.Bactralarvae exposed to simulated mid-May (24/13 C) and mid-June (29/18 C) temperature regimes developed more slowly than larvae exposed to the mid-July (32/26 C) temperature regime, but nutsedge plant growth was also slower. Thus, the relative amounts of feeding injury were similar at all three regimes. Larval feeding generally increased the number of shoots slightly, but not significantly, reduced significantly the production of inflorescences, and reduced the weight of total dry matter produced between 28 and 49%.

Description of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The World

Both purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL. # CYPES) are problem weeds in crops in many parts of the world. Yellow nutsedge is found in all U.S. states. Purple nutsedge is confined to the southern region of the United States, ranging from North Carolina across southern Arkansas and into southern California.

Response of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers were stored at 5 C in soil treated at 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 lb/A 2,6-dichlorobenzontrile (dichlobenil) for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks. Respiration of dormant tubers differed with species, unaffected by period of storage or dichlobenil concentration. Sprouting of untreated tubers decreased from 90% after 2 weeks storage to 43% after 12 weeks. Yellow nutsedge sprout production was uniform in time; purple nutsedge sprouting progressed to an 8-week high. Increased concentrations of dichlobenil progressively inhibited sprouting.

Reactions of Several Crops to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL. ‘B’), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘coker 413’), soybean (Glycine maxMerr. ‘Hardee’), turnip (Brassica rapaL. ‘Tendergreen’), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Georgia 615’), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) at 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha in four Georgia soils was determined. Equivalent rates of dichlobenil generally were more toxic in Davidson clay loam which had the highest clay content. Crop tolerance was corn > sorghum > cotton > turnip. Purple and yellow nutsedge tolerance to dichlobenil was intermediate to that of the crops tested. Johnsongrass response was equivalent to that shown by sorghum.

Control of Nutsedge with Organic Arsenical Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Nonradioactive and14C-labeled arsenical herbicides were applied to foliage of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) grown under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. Disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) controlled purple nutsedge better at 20 and 29 C than at 13 C. Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) was as effective in controlling this weed at 13 C as at 20 and 29 C. DSMA and MSMA provided 80% or greater control of yellow nutsedge grown at the three temperatures. When plants were treated with14C-DSMA and14C-MSMA, greater radioactivity was detected in yellow nutsedge than in purple nutsedge. The apparent differential herbicide penetration of purple and yellow nutsedge leaves is believed to have contributed substantially to the control of nutsedge observed in this study.

Response of purple (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedges (C. esculentus) to selective placement of sulfentrazone

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
H. Gary Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Selective Placement

A series of greenhouse studies examined the effectiveness of PRE- and POST-applied sulfentrazone in controlling purple and yellow nutsedge as influenced by selective tissue exposure. In addition,14C-sulfentrazone was utilized to contrast absorption and translocation resulting from these exposures. Consistent control with preemergence applications to germinating tubers was obtained with a combined root and shoot zone exposure. Yellow nutsedge was more susceptible than purple nutsedge. Performance of the separate root and shoot zone exposure was soil pH- and nutsedge-species dependent. POST-foliar applications to established nutsedge were more effective when sulfentrazone was allowed to contact the soil surface.14C-sulfentrazone was readily absorbed by the roots and translocated to the foliage of both species in hydroponic culture.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Potential of Dryland Plants on Growth and Tuber Sproutingin Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
S.T. ZAHRA ◽  
M. AHMAD ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
W. HASSAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Test Plants

ABSTRACT: In the current study the herbicidal potential of different dryland plant species to suppress tuber sprouting and growth in the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was investigated. The plant species evaluated were Fagonia indica, Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Rhazya stricta and Withania coagulans. In a greenhouse experiment, 5 sprouted and 5 non-sprouted tubers of nutsedge were planted in pots containing 250g field-collected soil. Pots were irrigated regularly with aqueous extracts of test plants at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; original extract was concentrated 20 times and was considered as 100% concentrated and further concentrations were made accordingly). Extracts of all test plants significantly inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and growth. A significant interaction was observed between sprouting index (SI) and final sprouting percentage. While a non-significant interaction was observed between the timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time (MST). Maximum reductions in SI and final sprouting percentage were recorded with Rhazya stricta extracts. Extracts of Rhazya stricta showed maximum suppressive potential of nutsedge density, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Overall, the least effective suppression of purple nutsedge was observed for extracts of Fagonia indica. Calotropis procera extracts resulted in the lowest reductions in nutsedge root length of all test plants but all test plants showed similar effects on timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time. The 100% and 75% concentrations provided complete suppression of nutsedge. For all test plants, the 25% extract concentration was least effective and in some cases results were similar to the water-only control treatment. Our findings suggest that several dryland plant species with strong allelochemical properties have the potential to substantially reduce the deleterious impacts of purple nutsedge in dryland cropping systems and warrant further study.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen on the Interference of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus) with Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431C-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Morales-Payan ◽  
W.M. Stall ◽  
D.G. Shilling ◽  
J.A. Dusky ◽  
T.A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
N Rates

Field trials were conducted in Gainesville, Fla., to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the interference effect of purple or yellow nutsedge on the yield of fresh tomato. Nitrogen (N) rates of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 kg·ha–1 were applied broadcast to the soil. Before transplanting, 1-m-wide soil beds were covered with plastic and fumigated with methyl bromide to suppress the growth on undesired weeds. Nutsedge-free and purple or yellow nutsedge-infested tomato plots were separately established. `Solar Set' tomatoes were transplanted in the middle of the soil beds, 50 cm apart in a single row. In nutsedge-infested plots, weed densities known to cause significant yield reduction in tomato (100 purple nutsedge plants/m2 and 50 yellow nutsedge plants/m2) were uniformly established perforating the plastic and transplanting viable tubers in the perforations. Purple and yellow nutsedge tubers were transplanted the same day as tomatoes and were allowed to interfere during the whole crop season. Results indicate that N rates had a significant effect on tomato fruit yield in both nutsedge-free and nutsedge-infested treatments. The presence of either purple or yellow nutsedge significantly reduced the fruit yield of tomato at all N rates. As N rates increased, tomato fruit yield reduction caused by the interference of either nutsedge species also increased. When yellow nutsedge was allowed to interfere with tomato, fruit yield loss was as low as 18% at 50 kg N/ha and as high as 42% at 350 kg N/ha. In purple nutsedge-infested tomato, fruit yield reductions ranged from 10% at 50 kg N/ha to 27% at 350 kg N/ha. N effects on nutsedge-free and nutsedge-infested tomato yields were described by quadratic equations, with maximum tomato fruit yield values being reached between 200 and 250 kg N/ha in both nutsedge-free and nutsedge-infested treatments.

Toxicity of Imazethapyr to Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedges (C. esculentus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedges to selective soil placement of 5 cm of soil treated with imazethapyr above and/or below the nutsedge tubers. Early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) imazethapyr treatments at 71 g ai/ha as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application was also evaluated. Imazethapyr placement above or below the nutsedge tuber generally increased shoot number, shoot dry weight (SW), shoot regrowth dry weight (SRW), and root tuber dry weight (RTW) production in both species, 28 and 42 days after treatment (DAT) compared with the control. However, the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment at 14, 28, and 42 DAT reduced purple nutsedge shoot number, SW, SRW, and RTW to 19, 7, 14, and 26% of the control, respectively. Yellow nutsedge shoot number was 103% of the control with the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment 42 DAT. The 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment reduced yellow nutsedge SW, SRW, and RTW to 43, 44, and 23% of the control, respectively, 28 and 42 DAT. EPOST and POST foliar + soil and soil-only applications reduced SW 28 d after treatment (DAT) to 13% or less of the control for both species. SRWs of both species were ≤ 53% of the control 42 DAT for the soil-only application. The foliar-only treatment was the least effective in SW, SRW, and RTW reductions.

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