Cultural and Mechanical Manipulation ofCyperusSpp.

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman C. Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Mechanical Manipulation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Cultural and mechanical methods are viable options for inclusion in any weed control program. Selection of weed control methods is determined by crop, cost, desired yield, weather, and labor availability. Yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES and C.rotundusL. # CYPRO) have proliferated as production inputs have intensified. Nutsedge densities have increased largely due to reduced competition as better annual weed control and improved growing conditions have resulted.

Economic Comparison of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Armstrong ◽  
J. K. Leasure ◽  
Mitchell R. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Item ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The problem in determining the economic feasibility of mechanical, chemical, and combination weed control methods in corn (Zea mays L.) is a complex decision involving many factors. The effects of cost, yield, timeliness, and alternative uses of labor are the factors considered in comparing various methods of weed control in this study. Costs of weed control operations range from $2.84/A for two cultivations to $10.45/A for the most intensive, mechanical-chemical operation studied. Most common weed control methods have costs of approximately $3 to $4/A. Yields range from 83 bu/A for two cultivations to 96 bu/A with the highest cost chemical-mechanical weed control methods. All yields used in this study are supported by agronomic studies and are indexed on the basis of 100 bu/A for weed-free conditions. The consideration of both yields and costs does affect the selection of a weed control method. Considering only these two factors, mechanical methods have a slight advantage over chemical weed control methods. Penalizing mechanical methods because of delay or timeliness characteristics gives chemical methods an advantage by as much as $3.00/A. Alternative uses of labor, even though a common argument in selecting chemical or mechanical methods, is a very small item and has only moderate effects on the changes in net income.

Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ford ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Allan McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Selection Of

Ford, L., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Nurse, R. E., McFadden, A. and Sikkema, P. H. 2014. Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1231–1237. Glyphosate resistant (GR) Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) is an extremely problematic weed in no-tillage farming operations. A total of five field trials were conducted over a 2-yr (2012 and 2013) period in Ontario to determine the level of GR Canada fleabane control with a two-pass weed control program of a pre plant (PP) residual herbicide followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate dimethylamine (DMA) applied POST. Among residual herbicide treatments evaluated, s-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha−1)+flumetsulam (50 g a.i. ha−1)+clopyralid (135 g a.e. ha−1) provided the most consistent (95–99%) control across all sites 8 wk after application (WAA). S-metolachlor/atrazine (1800 g a.i. ha–1) did not provide effective GR Canada fleabane control (21–86%) 8 WAA. The preplant residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA (1720 g a.e. ha−1) POST provided 97–100% control. Glyphosate (900 g a.e. ha−1) applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provided 80–93% control 8 WAA. The application of 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST following any PP residual herbicide resulted in 97% or greater control of GR Canada fleabane. Results from this research demonstrate that residual herbicides applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provides excellent control of GR Canada fleabane, and also incorporates different modes of action thereby limiting the selection of resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Weed Control Methods on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Moldavian Balm; A Medicinal Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Adel Bashiri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Moldavian balm is an annual herbaceous plant and its lemon-scented leaves contain essential oil. However, weeds adversely affect its growth by release of allelochemicals, and/or direct competition for nutrient, moisture, light and space. Current experiment was conducted to evaluate the different weed control methods including preventive approach (soil pasteurization), mechanical methods (one hand weeding, two hand weeding, and successive hand weeding for weed free condition), and chemical control by synthetic herbicides (haloxyfop-R-methyl and trifluralin). Results revealed that stem diameter, quantity of secondary branches, flower-bearing branches and leaves were significantly affected by weed control treatments; the highest lateral growth was obtained by successive mechanical weed control and two hand weeding method, respectively. This trend was also observed in canopy spread and chlorophyll content. Pre-emergence control by trifluralin considerably accelerated the initiation of flowering in Moldavian balm. However, observation of qualitative traits showed that the highest essential oil content and oil yield was obtained when the plants grew in weed free soil which was pasteurized. Considering the recognized essential oils, the most responsive composition was including Geranial, Geranyl acetate, Neral and Geraniol. The lowest amount of Neral was recorded in postemergence control performed by means of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide.

scholarly journals The Importance of International Medical Rotations in Selection of an Otolaryngology Residency

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan H Boyd ◽  
Raul M Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
International Elective ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
Lifestyle Research ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine the extent of interest in international electives among prospective otolaryngology residents and to determine whether the availability of international electives affected students' interest in ranking a particular residency program. Methods A 3-part survey was given to all medical students enrolled in the 2008 otolaryngology match via the Electronic Residency Application Service. Part 1 elicited demographic information. Part 2 explored general interest in international rotations. Part 3 involved ranking several factors affecting students' choice of residency programs. This survey was developed at our institution, with no formal validation. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Results A total of 307 students entered the otolaryngology match, and 55 surveys (18%) were completed. Twenty-five of 55 students (55%) had completed an international elective during or prior to medical school, and 51 of 55 respondents (93%) had a “strong” or “very strong” desire to participate in an international elective during residency; 48 of 55 students (87%) had a “strong” or “very strong” desire to participate in international surgical missions after residency. Future practice goals had no correlation with interest in international rotations, either during or after residency training. Respondents ranked 8 factors that had an impact on residency program selection in the following order of importance: operative experience, location, lifestyle, research opportunities, didactics, international electives, prestige of program, and salary. Conclusion Interest in international medicine among prospective otolaryngologists was high in this subset of respondents but did not appear to affect residency program selection.

scholarly journals Infection Potential of Pleospora allii and Evaluation of Methods for Reduction of the Overwintering Inoculum of Brown Spot of Pear

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidre Llorente ◽  
Albert Vilardell ◽  
Emilio Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Pleospora Allii ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods

The capacity for germination and pathogenicity to pear leaves of ascospores of Pleospora allii, the teleomorph of Stemphylium vesicarium, causal agent of brown spot of pear, were studied in vitro. Most ascospores germinated within 1 h at temperatures between 15 and 20°C, and the optimum temperature for germination was 18.9°C. Infections developed on wounded and non-wounded detached pear leaves, but were more frequent on wounded leaves. The minimum infective dose was one ascospore per wound. Biological, chemical, and mechanical methods for decreasing overwintering inoculum of P. allii were evaluated. Ascospores were discharged from March to May, depending on the orchard and year. Leaf shredding or removal were the most effective methods of reducing overwintering inoculum. Biological control methods based on application of Thichodermasp. formulations were partially effective. Chemical methods based on copper and urea treatments were ineffective.

Application of Unascertained Measure-Entropy Evaluation Model for Program Selection of Shaft Construction under Complex Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Qing Li ◽  
Mu Jie Chen ◽  
Wen Qing Meng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Measure Entropy ◽  
Selection Of

An unascertained measure-entropy evaluation model for the program selection of shaft construction under complex conditions is established so that a scientific and effective decision making method is provided in this paper, the evaluation model of shaft construction is established based on unascertained measure and entropy weight theory, then, the model proposed in this paper is applied to evaluate three shaft construction program comprehensively, and the evaluation results show validity and applicability of the model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the average performance of topcrosses among food and grain type soybean

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto K. Yokomizo ◽  
Natal A. Vello
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

The food type soybean (exotic) are, in general, non-adapted to the Brazilian growing conditions. A breeding strategy to develop adapted food type soybean should involve crossing exotic with the available grain type genotypes. We evaluated the performance of topcrosses among food type and grain type soybeans. Best progenies showed different performance rates in each environment and they were not always the same in the different environments and joint analysis of lodging (L), plant height at maturity (PHM) and agronomic value (AV) was essential to avoid selection of plants with good performance for one trait and bad for another.) Piracicaba autumn environment (PA) caused low individual plant yield performance (IPY), and consequently, cultivation was not economically viable in this period. Best progenies presented appropriate trait averages for inclusion in the category of vegetable soybean in all evaluated environments.

Integrating Cultural and Mechanical Methods for Additive Weed Control in Organic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Mechanical Methods
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