scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Perception on Use of Improved Weed Control Technologies in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Khumalo M ◽  
D. Kibirige ◽  
M. B. Masuku ◽  
H. R. Mloza-Banda ◽  
W. O. Mukabwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Control Technologies

Environmental concerns, increase labour cost and increase in demand for food has urged farmer to use the most economic and concomitant method to their farming objectives. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining maize farmer’s perceptions on the weed control methods they choose and the socio-economic characteristics that determine these perceptions. This study was conduct countrywide in the four agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Primary data was collected from 240 randomly selected maize farmers in the four Agro-ecological Zone of Eswatini. Factor analysis was used to estimate principal components about farmer’s perception on the different weed control methods. Multiple regression method was used to ascertain the socio-economic factors determining farmers’ perceptions. Farmers were interviewed about their perception on the usage of herbicides and integrated weed control method. The five likert scale of attitudinal statements related to herbicide and integrated weed control methods was developed. Four principal components were generated by the analysis from the positive attitudinal statement on the use of herbicides. These include productivity and economical, inclusive and confidence, knowledgeable and readiness, environmental impact. Farmer perceived that herbicides are associated with increased productive, can be used with confidence, farmers were ready to use herbicides, on the other hand, farmers perceived herbicides to have a negative impact on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perceptions included sex of the farmer, education level, farming experience, access to agricultural trainings, amount of farm incomes and group membership. Integrated weeding method (hand hoe weeding + herbicide use) was perceived to be labour saving, productive and has no harm on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perception towards the use of integrated weed control method included group membership and education. The study recommends that government should increase the number of extension officers to extend extension contact to more farmers, thus improve information sharing to farmers on best agricultural practices. Sensitization workshops, trainings and On-farm demonstration related to the usage of the improved weed control technologies is desired to increase farmers’ access to knowledge about the use of these improved weeding technologies.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

Economic Comparison of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Armstrong ◽  
J. K. Leasure ◽  
Mitchell R. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Item ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The problem in determining the economic feasibility of mechanical, chemical, and combination weed control methods in corn (Zea mays L.) is a complex decision involving many factors. The effects of cost, yield, timeliness, and alternative uses of labor are the factors considered in comparing various methods of weed control in this study. Costs of weed control operations range from $2.84/A for two cultivations to $10.45/A for the most intensive, mechanical-chemical operation studied. Most common weed control methods have costs of approximately $3 to $4/A. Yields range from 83 bu/A for two cultivations to 96 bu/A with the highest cost chemical-mechanical weed control methods. All yields used in this study are supported by agronomic studies and are indexed on the basis of 100 bu/A for weed-free conditions. The consideration of both yields and costs does affect the selection of a weed control method. Considering only these two factors, mechanical methods have a slight advantage over chemical weed control methods. Penalizing mechanical methods because of delay or timeliness characteristics gives chemical methods an advantage by as much as $3.00/A. Alternative uses of labor, even though a common argument in selecting chemical or mechanical methods, is a very small item and has only moderate effects on the changes in net income.

scholarly journals Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
O. Kurdiukova ◽  
O. Tyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Infestation

Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

scholarly journals Smart Irrigation System Using Intelligent Robotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Pradip Pandao ◽  
Abhi Rathi ◽  
Prince Patel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
And Control

To optimize water use for agricultural crops while also verifying water scarcity in the field, an automated irrigation system was developed. Weed management and control are critical for high-yielding, high-quality crops, and developments in weed control technologies have had a significant impact on agricultural output. Any weed control method that is effective must be both durable and versatile. Despite the variety in field circumstances, robust weed control technologies will successfully manage weeds. Weed control technology that is adaptable can change its strategy in response to changing weed populations, genetics, and environmental conditions. The system includes a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors, as well as conductive sensors in the plant's root zone. Agate way unit also manages sensor data, triggers actuators, and sends data to an Android mobile device. To control water quantity, an algorithm with temperature and soil moisture threshold values was developed and programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway. The added future of this research is that we are utilising a robot to monitor the condition of the crop to see if it is affected by insects or not. The robot will move around the field, and we will be able to track the crop's health on our device.

scholarly journals A Review on Parameters Affecting the Choice of Alternative (Non-Chemical) Weed Control Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods

Chemical using as a weed control method is the most preferred method in weed control because they are easily accessible, easily applicable and inexpensive. But, with the new environment-friendly regulations, the importance of non-chemical methods has increased all over the world. In addition, organic farm and non-chemical agricultural methods are gaining importance with increasing social environment and health awareness. Non-chemical methods, called, "alternative methods” have been one of the most popular research subjects in recent years. The physical removal or killing of weeds is usually done by hand or by means designed tools for this task, which varies from country to country. The most known modern non-chemical weed control methods are; electric current,  microwave heating, superheated steam, infrared using, pneumatic system, freeze-drying, laser cutting, and fresnel lens systems. The most popular of these methods are; electric current method and microwave heating. In electric current and microwave heating methods, there are no chemical residues in soil and plants after application. It has been shown in the studies that, the microwave weed control method can destroy weeds and seeds when appropriate frequency, sufficient time and required power level are selected. Therefore, in the selection of non-chemical weed control methods, some important parameters of plant and soil should be known. The electrical and dielectric properties of plants and soil such as, electrical resistance (R), impedance (Z), dielectric constant (ε’), loss factor (ε’’), the permittivity (permeability ( and conductivity (σ) should be known especially in microwave and electric current methods. The other parameters like the age, height and density of the plant is an issue to be considered in all control methods. But, the moisture content of soil and plant may not be taken into consideration in hot water and steam applications. For the freeze-drying method, the moisture and water content of the plant and soil must also be taken into account.

Compost as an Alternative Weed Control Method

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ozores-Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Alternative Weed Control

Exploration on Shape of Profiles Determined by Chord Angle Control Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 837-841
Author(s):  
Ling Ling ◽  
Yuan Sheng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
Curve Line ◽  
Line Measure

Through compassion of relative merits of the existing two control methods of straighten anti-curve line and chord line measure for cold-formed profiles, a three-pivot chord angle control method of non-endpoint measurement was proposed in this paper, and its feasibility was proved by using mathematical deduction. Using mapping method, the forming of profiles can be controlled by the only one set of orderly array chord angles and chord lines obtained by a spline curve of profiles, and meanwhile, the length of automation feedstock in forming process of profiles was explored. The present research achievements can provide a good theoretical basis for the further application on controlling profile forming with the chord angle measurement.

scholarly journals Emulation of grid-forming inverters using real-time PC and 4-quadrant voltage amplifier

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Schulze ◽  
Maurizio Zajadatz ◽  
Michael Suriyah ◽  
Thomas Leibfried
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Power Semiconductors ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Grid Side ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Machine

AbstractA test bed for the evaluation of novel control methods of inverters for renewable power generation is presented. The behavior of grid-following and grid-forming control in a test scenario is studied and compared.Using a real-time capable control platform with a cycle time of 50 µs, control methods developed with Matlab/Simulink can be implemented. For simplicity, a three-phase 4‑quadrant voltage amplifier is used instead of an inverter. Thus, the use of modulation and switched power semiconductors can be avoided. In order to show a realistic behavior of a grid-side filter, passive components can be automatically connected as L‑, LC- or LCL-filter. The test bed has a nominal active power of 43.6 kW and a nominal voltage of 400 V.As state-of-the-art grid-following control method, a current control in the d/q-system is implemented in the test bed. A virtual synchronous machine, the Synchronverter, is used as grid-forming control method. In combination with a frequency-variable grid emulation, the behavior of both control methods is studied in the event of a load connection in an island grid environment.

A compliant control method for disassembly of non-elastic parts using realised motion

Robotica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagmur Denizhan
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Compliant Control ◽  
On Line

SummaryIn disassembly tasks, due to the large variety of objects and the different positions and orientations in which they appear, the disassembly trajectories supplied on-line by a human operator or an automatic recognition system can contain large errors. The classical compliant control methods turn out to be insufficient to eliminate sticking which is due to these errors. This paper presents a compliant control method for disassembly of non-elastic parts in non-elastic environments which adopts the trajectories according to realised motion. In case of sticking a new direction of motion is searched for until the manipulated part is set into motion.

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