Selectivity of Dinoseb in an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-708
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

The relative susceptibility of 40 plant species to postemergence applications of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) in isoparaffinic oil was determined. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Holland Virginia 56R’), with an I50of greater than 2.24 kg/ha, were the most tolerant, and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) seedlings, with an I50of 0.011 kg/ha, were the most susceptible. This is greater than a 200-fold difference in susceptibility, due primarily to internal tolerance, because penetration differences were reduced with the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Legumes generally were the most tolerant, and grasses ranged from tolerant to the most susceptible. Several species, primarily grasses, showed greater than 25% inhibition of shoot fresh weight from the isoparaffinic oil carrier alone.

Interactions of Foliarly Applied Herbicides on Three Weed Species in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Moore ◽  
Philip A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

In the greenhouse, naptalam at 1.1 to 4.5 kg ai ha−1antagonized activity of paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ai ha−1in 14 of 16 rate combinations when applied to sicklepod. Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction was less compared to that obtained with paraquat alone when paraquat at 0.04 kg ha−1was mixed with bentazon at 0.42 to 0.84 kg ai ha−1or monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 to 58 kg ai ha−1. Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed was antagonized by mixtures of paraquat at 0.04 or 0.07 kg ha−1with bentazon at 0.63 or 0.84 kg ha−1or paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ha−1with naptalam at 3.4 or 4.5 kg ha−1. Mixtures of lactofen at 0.06 to 0.22 kg ai ha−1with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 kg ha−1or lactofen at 0.06 or 0.16 kg ha−1with alachlor at 1.4 to 2.8 kg ai ha−1synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction. In the field, excellent sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction by paraquat applied alone masked most antagonistic effects of paraquat mixtures. Addition of alachlor to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 29 kg ha−1improved activity on sicklepod compared to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate applied alone.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Biosynthesis in Hairy Root Cultures of Tan and Purple Seed Coat Peanuts

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Ye-Eun Park ◽  
Chang-Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon-Ji Yeo ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung ◽  
Sang-Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Roots

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop that can produce resveratrol, a compound with various biological properties, such as those that exert antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, trans-resveratrol was detected in the roots, leaves, and stems of tan and purple seed coat peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) cultivated in a growth chamber. Both cultivars showed higher levels of resveratrol in the roots than the other plant parts. Thus, both cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, in vitro, to promote hairy root development, thereby producing enhanced levels of t-resveratrol. After 1 month of culture, hairy roots from the two cultivars showed higher levels of fresh weight than those of seedling roots. Furthermore, both cultivars contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of their seedling roots (6.88 ± 0.21 mg/g and 28.07 ± 0.46 mg/g, respectively); however, purple seed coat peanut hairy roots contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of tan seed coat peanut hairy roots, ranging from 70.16 to 166.76 mg/g and from 46.61 to 54.31 mg/g, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that peanut hairy roots could be a good source for t-resveratrol production due to their rapid growth, high biomass, and substantial amount of resveratrol.

Postemergence Weed Management Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate postemergence herbicide systems with preemergence systems to control Texas panicum, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory in peanuts. Adding paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha to postemergence herbicide systems reduced fresh weight of Florida beggarweed 92% (18% increase over the same systems without paraquat), sicklepod 95% (21% increase), and pitted morningglory 95% (11% increase). Herbicide systems containing paraquat improved peanut yields by 230 kg/ha and net returns by $52/ha over herbicide systems not containing paraquat. Fluazifop-P and sethoxydim systems reduced Texas panicum fresh weight (at least 96%) more than a preemergence system (92% reduction) that used benefin applied preplant incorporated and alachlor plus naptalam and dinoseb applied at cracking (GC) or a postemergence system that used alachlor and naptalam plus dinoseb GC and paraquat applied early postemergence (86% reduction). Systems containing fluazifop-P provided greater yields (4190 kg/ha) and net returns ($383/ha) than systems containing sethoxydim (4010 kg/ha, $305/ha) when averaged across all rates of application.

Influence of Planting Date on the Growth of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Seed of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] were planted during 1976 and 1977 at monthly intervals from March through October to study the growth and reproductive habits of this weed at Shafter, California. Plants were grown for 12 weeks and harvested at 3-week intervals. Emergence and development of plants increased with temperature. April through August plantings yielded 10-to 20-fold as much total fresh weight as March and September plantings. After planting, rhizome production normally began in 3 to 6 weeks and seed production in 6 to 9 weeks. From the April through August plantings, rhizomes accounted for averages of 13, 25, and 40% of the total fresh weight of plants 6, 9, and 12 weeks after planting, respectively. This compared, respectively, with 16, 9, and 6% for roots and 70, 66, and 54% for shoots. Seedlings emerging in March produced rhizomes in early June and viable seed in late June. Seedlings emerging as late as September produced rhizomes and some viable seed before killing frosts in November.

Heritability of Metribuzin Tolerance in Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Alfred Jones ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Twenty-two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] clones with a wide range in metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] tolerance were used to establish narrow sense heritability estimates (h2) using a greenhouse procedure. The heritability estimates were obtained from simple linear regressions (h2= 2b) of injury rating, shoot fresh weight, and change in shoot fresh weight of offspring against the same responses of parents at metribuzin concentrations of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 ppm in the potting medium and averaged data for the two concentrations. These values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating that a recurrent mass selection process should be an appropriate approach to developing metribuzin-tolerant cultivars. Several highly tolerant clones were identified.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar response to boron deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shelp ◽  
R. Penner ◽  
Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Percent Decline

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar, Commander, characterized by low susceptibility to the hollow stem disorder commonly associated with boron (B) deficiency was compared to one with high susceptibility (cv. Stolto) and to two which are grown commercially (cvs. Baccus and Premium Crop). Beginning 3 wk after germination plants grown in a glasshouse in vermiculite were supplied continuously with a nutrient solution containing adequate B (0.5 mg L−1) or none (deficient), or were supplied initially with 0.5 mg B L−1 up to the initiation of inflorescence development after which no B was supplied. All cultivars showed visible symptoms of B deficiency (leaf midrib cracking, stem corkiness, necrotic lesions and hollowing in the stem pith) and reductions in shoot fresh weight with the zero B treatment, but Commander was least affected. Also, the B concentrations of the florets from Commander were highest and showed the lowest percent decline relative to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment. When B was removed from the nutrient solution at initiation of inflorescence development, the B concentrations of the florets and young leaves of all cultivars were higher than in the zero B treatment. Compared to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment, the B concentrations of old leaves from all cultivars were reduced, but only in Premium Crop was the floret B significantly decreased.Key words: Boron nutrition, Brassica, broccoli, nutrient deficiency, retranslocation

Environment influences sugarbeet tolerance to S-metolachlor

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Lueck ◽  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Alexa L. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

AbstractHerbicides used in sugarbeet are commonly adapted from other row crops and may cause injury and yield loss often associated with environmental and edaphic factors. Glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in sugarbeet requires a PRE herbicide, such as S-metolachlor, for its control. The objectives of this research were to evaluate sugarbeet tolerance to PRE S-metolachlor, including air temperature and soil water content interactions with soil series in field and growth chamber experiments. Results from field experiments conducted in 12 environments in 2015, 2016, and 2017 indicated 2.16 or 4.32 kg ai ha−1S-metolachlor applied PRE reduced sugarbeet density and stature but did not reduce root yield, sucrose content, or recoverable sucrose compared with the untreated control in environments with soils with less than 3.5% organic matter (OM) and receiving greater than 40-mm cumulative rainfall within 14 d after planting. In the growth chamber, sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight following S-metolachlor application was influenced by soil moisture content, air temperature, and soil series but not by S-metolachlor rate. Sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight were reduced 15% and 106%, respectively, when S-metolachlor was applied to a Glyndon sandy loam (2.6% OM, 9.5% clay) at 100% field capacity (FC) and 14 C compared with S-metolachlor application to a Fargo silty clay (7.7% OM and 54% clay) at 100% FC and 21 C. It is concluded that field selection, rather than herbicide rate, is an important criterion for managing sugarbeet tolerance with S-metolachlor.

scholarly journals Selection of Fertilizer and Cultivar of Sweet Pepper and Eggplant for Hydroponic Production

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Bruce L. Dunn ◽  
Mark Payton ◽  
Lynn Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Shoot Weight

Dutch bucket hydroponic trials were conducted with the aim to evaluate the effects of different hydroponic fertilizers (5N-4.8P-21.6K, 5N-5.2P-21.6K, and 7N-3.9P-4.1K) on growth, fruit production, and the fruit quality (fruit shape index) parameters of two cultivars of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and on two cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). For sweet pepper yield, the 5N-4.8P-21.6K fertilizer was responsible for the greatest yield for both cultivars. For sweet pepper fresh and dry shoot weight interaction, the ‘Orangella’ cultivar had greater growth in 5N-4.8P-21.6K and 5N-5.2P-21.6K fertilizers, whereas there was no difference among cultivars in 7N-3.9P-4.1K. Shape index was not affected by fertilizers or cultivars. For the eggplant yield, there was no main effect nor interaction between fertilizers and cultivars for fruit yield, while the interaction between fertilizers and cultivars was significant for shoot fresh weight production. Shoot fresh weight was greater for ‘Angela’ than ‘Jaylo’ in 5N-4.8P-21.6K and 7N-3.9P-4.1K. Furthermore, both eggplant cultivars were affected with yellowing of fruits in all fertilizer treatments after 2 months, which was probably due to the accumulation of nutrients in the closed hydroponic system. Therefore, hydroponic producers could select 5N-4.8P-21.6K and 5N-5.2P-21.6K fertilizers for the cultivation of the ‘Orangella’ cultivar of sweet pepper based on yield. It is important to evaluate more fertilizers and cultivars for eggplant hydroponic cultivation.

scholarly journals Growth of Euphorbia pulcherrima and Pelargonium ×hortorum in Shredded Rubber-containing Substrates

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 657e-657
Author(s):  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Andrew A. Waber
Keyword(s):  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Axillary Branches ◽  
Weight Number

Euphorbia pulcherrima `Freedom' (poinsettia) and Pelargonium ×hortorum `Pink Elite' (geranium) were grown in 75:25:0, 50:50:0, 27:75:0, 75:0:25 50:0:50, 25:0:75 (v/v sphagnum peat: 0.25-grade rubber: 0.10-grade rubber) substrates or in a 50 sphagnum peat: 30 perlite: 20 loam (v/v) standard greenhouse substrate. Geranium root and shoot fresh weights, height, and number of axillary shoots were reduced when grown in rubber-containing substrates compared to plants grown in the standard control. As the proportion of either grade of rubber increased, root and shoot fresh weights, height, and number of axillary shoots decreased. Flowering in geranium was delayed and the number of inflorescences reduced as the proportion of the 0.10-grade rubber increased. Plants grown in the 0.25-grade rubber failed to flower by the termination of the experiment. Poinsettia plants grown in rubber-containing substrates had reduced shoot fresh weight, height, number of bracts, and bract area compared to plants grown in the standard control. As the proportion of either grade of rubber increased, height, shoot fresh weight, number of bracts, and bract area decreased. Number of axillary branches was reduced in substrates containing 50% and 75% of the 0.10-grade rubber. Days to anthesis was unaffected by substrate.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Temperature on Survival and Regrowth of Vegetatively Propagated Plug-grown Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 596f-596
Author(s):  
Shi-Ying Wang ◽  
William H. Carlson ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

The effect of 6 weeks of storage at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5°C in a glass greenhouse was determined on 11 vegetatively propagated annual species. Fresh weight (total, shoot, and root) and height of 30 plants per species in each storage temperature were measured at the end of storage. Another 30 plants were transplanted into 15-cm pots (three plants per pot) and grown under natural light in a 20°C glass greenhouse for 3 weeks. Three species showed chilling injury or died during storage at ≤7.5°C. Plant height and shoot fresh weight at the end of storage for most species increased linearly as storage temperature increased. Storage temperature did not affect the net increase in height or weight significantly during recovery growth, except for plants that exhibited chilling injury at the end of storage.

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