Effect of Seeding Dates and Densities of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) on the Growth and Productivity of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
E. H. Stobbe ◽  
A. R. W. Sturko
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Competition of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.] was studied in a semi-dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Norquay’) and in two normal-height wheats (‘Napayo’ and ‘Sinton’) from 1975 through 1978. Green foxtail suppressed wheat growth as well as grain yield. Tiller number, leaf area, and dry weight of wheat were reduced. Green foxtail was more competitive in the semi-dwarf variety than in either normal height variety. The intensity of green foxtail competition could not be determined by density alone. In 1975, as few as 100 green foxtail plants/m2significantly reduced yield of Napayo and Norquay wheat by 21 and 44%, respectively. In 1977, however, 1600 green foxtail plants/m2did not reduce the yield of Sinton wheat significantly. The intensity of green foxtail competition was highly variable from one date of seeding to the next, but there was no correlation between the level of green foxtail competition and the date of seeding. Soil temperature and moisture at the time of seeding and early growth are thought to affect green foxtail competition in wheat critically.

Environment Influences Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition with Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Controlled Environments

Temperature, soil moisture, green foxtail density, relative emergence dates, and soil fertility effects on green foxtail and spring wheat competition were evaluated in controlled environments. Green foxtail competition was highest at 30 C and without moisture stress. Early green foxtail emergence increased competition with wheat more than changes in temperature, soil moisture, or green foxtail density. At 30 C, wheat fresh weight was reduced 50% by green foxtail seeded 4 d before wheat, but only 13% by foxtail seeded 4 d after wheat. Doubling the nitrogen and total nutrient concentration did not increase wheat growth, but increased foxtail weight 41 and 75%, respectively.

Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition with Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Foxtail

Yield reductions due to green foxtail competition with hard red spring wheat varied with environment in field experiments conducted in 1984, 1985, and 1986 at Oakes, Langdon, Prosper, and Fargo, North Dakota. Wheat yield reductions ranged from 0 to 47% from 720 green foxtail plants per m2. Inclusion of early season temperature and precipitation, soil texture, and foxtail density into multiple regression analysis of wheat yield reductions significantly increased the coefficient of determination to 0.62 compared with 0.12 for regression based on green foxtail density alone. Wheat yield reduction decreased as green foxtail seeding was delayed after wheat seeding in 1986. Wheat yield generally decreased as time of diclofop application was delayed from 2 to 6 wk after wheat emergence in 1986.

Growth Responses of Green and Yellow Foxtail (Setaria viridisand S.lutescens) to Shade

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Bubar ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Foxtail

The growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridisL. Beauv. ♯3SETVI) and yellow foxtail [S. lutescens(Weigel.) Hubb. ♯ SETLU] in full sunlight, under 55 and 73% shade and within a wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’) stand, was compared in field experiments conducted over 3 yr. Shade resulted in a proportionately greater reduction in tiller number of yellow foxtail than of green foxtail. Plants growing in full sunlight produced up to five times more tillers than those growing in the crop. Averaged over the 3 yr, the two shade treatments reduced dry-matter accumulation of both species by 40% or more. The dry weight of plants within the crop was only about one-eighth of that of plants grown in full sunlight. Under both shade treatments and in the crop, yellow foxtail was consistently taller than green foxtail. Nevertheless, no differences in dry weight occurred between species under either shade treatment or in the crop. The results indicate that neither of the two species is distinctly more shade tolerant than the other, nor better adapted to compete with wheat.

Development of equations for estimating yield losses caused by multi-species weed communities dominated by green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.]

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hume
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Crop Density

Multiple regression equations were developed to describe the relationship between percentage hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) loss and the density and shoot dry weight of multi-species weed communities dominated by green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.]. Data were collected over a 10-yr period from fields sown by farmers near Regina, Saskatchewan. Weed densities averaged 470 plants m−2, with green foxtail constituting 85% of the total number of plants and 57% by dry weight. Other important species included in the equations were stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), common lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Including crop density as a variable made a significant improvement in the efficiency of the equations. Precipitation and growing degree-days (base 5 °C) were related to the residuals from the analysis relating wheat loss to weed abundance. These environmental variables were significantly related to crop loss, but only for the residuals of the equation where weed densities were used as independent variables. Hyperbolic and sigmoidal equations were less efficient at describing the data than were multiple linear regression equations. Key words: Green foxtail, spring wheat, competition, multi-species, multiple regression, crop loss

Effects of Soil pH on Competitive Ability and Leaf Nutrient Content of Corn (Zea maysL.) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Allan S. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Companion Plant

Effects of soil pH on growth, competitive ability, and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea maysL.), Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powelliiS. Wats. ♯ AMAPO), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv. ♯ SETVI] were measured in the field. Corn yields were significantly reduced by weed competition at all pH levels, but leaf nutrient content, as a percentage of dry weight, was not affected. Aboveground dry weights of Powell amaranth and velvetleaf were significantly lower at pH 4.8 than at pH 6.0 or 7.3, whereas growth of green foxtail was greater at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. Weed competitive ability, as evidenced by reductions in dry weight, varied with soil pH and companion plant. Powell amaranth and velvetleaf had higher levels of S, Zn, and especially Mn, at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. N and K in the leaf tissue were greater in the weed species than in corn at all soil pH levels. The dicot species had higher percentages of Ca and Mg in leaf tissue at all soil pH levels and accumulated higher percentages of Mn at low pH than the monocot species.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

HY355 WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽  
T. N. McCAIG ◽  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Photoperiod Insensitivity

HY355, white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield, normal height and photoperiod insensitivity. HY355 is heterogeneous for kernel hardness with 55% of the breeder lines rated hard and 45% rated soft. HY355 is the first registered wheat cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (white). It received a 2-yr interim registration on 6 May 1988.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

scholarly journals Evaluation of herbicidal potential of commercial herbicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Salim, Abdalsalam Awni Abdalbaki, Hussein Ali Khalid ◽  
Abd Alrasool Shalal Taha, Salam Farhan Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field experiment was conducted in Kanan region, province of Diyala, Iraq during the winter season 2016-2017 to screen herbicides for wheat cultivation. Six herbicides viz., Salix, Cronus, Pallas, Granstar, Topic and Atlantis were sprayed as post-emergence with second irrigation 54 days after crop sowing. Wheat growth parameters viz Crop height, Spike length and number of grains per spike were a higher in Granstar&Topic (105.2 cm, 12.6 cm, 51.4) respectively, 1000 grain weight were noted with Atlantis (40.9 g). followed by Granstar&Topic (39.2 g), Number of plants / m2 was a higher in Atlantis (430), Grain yield g \ acre was significantly increased in Granstar&Topic (1848 g) weeds growth parameters like Number of weeds / m2, Dry weight of weeds g, Weed control % and Weeds inhibition % were lower in Salix&cronos (0.0,0.0 g,100%,100%) respectively.

PROPANIL FOR CONTROL OF GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES H. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control

In a series of field and greenhouse experiments, propanil (3′, 4′-dichloropropionalide) as a postemergent herbicide provided excellent control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Although some initial chlorosis occurred, wheat and barley recovered quickly and were considered tolerant to propanil at up to 1 kg/ha applied over a growth period extending from the 2- to 8-leaf stages of the green foxtail. Propanil at rates greater than 1 kg/ha resulted in considerable chlorosis and leaf tip burn, and although grain yields were not reduced, crop tolerance was visually assessed as unsatisfactory. Control of green foxtail was satisfactory with 1 kg/ha at the 2- to 4-leaf stages but not at later stages. Control was significantly better when the spray pressure at application was 310 kPa compared to 207 kPa. Analysis indicated that at the 2 and 4 kg/ha rate of propanil the residues in wheat and barley disappeared very quickly. At harvest, wheat grain contained 0.09 ppm of propanil.

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