Adsorption, Mobility, and Efficacy of Metribuzin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Highly Correlated

The effect of various soil parameters on metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] efficacy was studied on seven soils and metribuzin adsorption was investigated in nine soils. Soil organic-matter and clay contents were correlated with metribuzin activity. Specific surface area, as measured by ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) was highly correlated with metribuzin activity. Soil organic-matter content and EGME surface area measurements were also highly correlated with metribuzin adsorption in soils. Since metribuzin is highly water soluble (water solubility greater than 1000 ppm), it was probably adsorbed at the hydrophilic sites on the soil surfaces that were measured by EGME. Metribuzin was much more mobile than atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in a leaching study.

Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

Herbicide Phytotoxicity as Affected by Selected Properties of North Carolina Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Harrison ◽  
J. B. Weber ◽  
J. V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Preemergence applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluro-m-tolyl)urea], propachlor (3-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were compared in 10 North Carolina soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Carolee’) were used as the indicator plant in bioassays under greenhouse conditions. Fifteen soil properties were measured and correlated with herbicide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with herbicide phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between herbicide water solubility and inactivation by organic matter. Volume weight determinations and water holding capacity values (0.1 bar) provided relatively good estimates of soil organic matter contents, but were not as highly related to herbicide activity as organic matter content.

Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Response to and Sorption Characteristics of Nicosulfuron and Primisulfuron

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Novosel ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Andrew J. Chomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron are sulfonylurea herbicides that may persist in the soil and injure sensitive rotational crops such as sugarbeet. Studies were initiated to measure sugarbeet response one and two years after application of 70 and 140 g/ha of nicosulfuron and 40 and 80 g/ha of primisulfuron to corn. Nicosulfuron did not injure sugarbeet one or two years after application. In contrast, sugarbeet yield was reduced one year after application of 40 and 80 g/ha of primisulfuron. Injury was visible two years after application of 80 g/ha primisulfuron but this did not cause a yield reduction. In greenhouse studies, the concentration of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron that reduced sugarbeet growth by 50% were determined for six soils. Primisulfuron reduced sugarbeet growth more than nicosulfuron on four of six soils indicating greater potential for sugarbeet injury from primisulfuron. Sugarbeet response was highly correlated with soil organic matter content (R2= 0.88). The sorption coefficients, Kdvalues, for nicosulfuron were 0.30 to 2.58 and the Kdvalues for primisulfuron were 0.76 to 3.47. Primisulfuron Kdvalues were higher than those of nicosulfuron on four of five soils indicating stronger affinity of primisulfuron for soil sorptive sites. The Kdvalues for both herbicides indicate low overall sorption. The greater sugarbeet injury observed in the field from primisulfuron is not due to greater availability of primisulfuron compared to nicosulfuron.

Adsorption, Mobility, and Efficacy of Alachlor and Metolachlor as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether

Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] adsorption was positively correlated with soil organic-matter content, clay content, and surface area as measured by ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) or benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and inversely correlated with herbicidal activity. Alachlor was adsorbed in slightly greater amounts by soil than metolachlor. Metolachlor had slightly greater bioactivity than alachlor on grass weeds, but the herbicides had similar activity on broadleaf weeds. Slightly greater amounts of metolachlor than alachlor were leached through a Norfolk soil and slightly greater amounts of alachlor were retained in the upper soil zones, compared with metolachlor.

Soil fertility changes in the long-term experimental plots at Kybybolite, South Australia. I. Changes in pH total nitrogen, organic carbon, and bulk density.

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Variously treated grassland plots at the Kybybolite Research Centre established in 1919 on solonetzic soils were sampled in 1957–58. Analyses of the soils and for pH and nitrogen were made and compared with earlier analyses made in 1938. Bulk density and organic carbon were also determined. Treatment with phosphorus fertilizers and grazing with sheep has resulted in large increases in the organic matter content of the surface soil. A large part of the increase has been concentrated in the 0–2 in. horizon. At the 6–8 in. level, increases have been small. When considered on the basis of pounds per acre, the increase in soil nitrogen in the surface 6 in. of some plots appears to be linear with time, and even after 39 years shows no signs of approaching an asymptotic value. However, there appears to be differential behaviour within the soil profile. The rate of increase of the 0–2 in. horizon in recent years shows signs of being much less than in the earlier years of the experiment. On the other hand, in the 2–4 and 4–6 in. horizons the recent rate of increase is similar to or greater than that in earlier years, which indicates that a deepening of the organic matter profile is occurring. There appears to be some relation between the increase in soil nitrogen and sheep-carrying capacity. The increase in soil nitrogen on the soils from the plots has been, on the average, equivalent to 14 lb of soil nitrogen per sheep per acre per year. Additional calcium applied with water-soluble phosphorus appears to result in higher levels of soil organic matter. Lime, in particular, appears to result in the highest levels of soil organic matter. Analysis of the soils shows that the increase in soil organic matter is associated with a slight decrease in pH. The soils also show a decrease in bulk density which is closely related to changes in organic matter content. Various aspects of organic matter accumulation are discussed, particularly the importance of the time factor in this process and the lack of a causal relationship between the amount of superphosphate applied and the increase in organic matter.

Assessing Desertification with Soil Indicators in Agro-Pastoral Transition Zone of Northern Shaanxi

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Pei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Soil Indicators

Desertification assessment is an instrumental component in developing global regional actions plans which aim at preventing and remedying desertification, a global and regional environmental problem. This research integrated selected soil parameters (physical properties, chemical properties) with plant canopy and used principal components analysis (PCA) and regression analysis to assess the severity of desertification risk. The northern part of Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case study and soils carrying different plant canopy were sampled in the 0-20 cm layer. Two soil indicators were selected from 17 basic soil physicochemical indexes. They were 0.25-0.05 mm soil sand content and soil organic matter content. An evaluation system was established by using these indicators, to assess the desertification extent by the content of 0.25-0.05 mm sand and soil organic matter at the 0-20 cm layer. The system developed may be used to assess the desertification process and distinguish the areas sensitive to desertification in the study region and in regions with similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS-SQI Model in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiukang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farmland Soil

Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA), respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2%) was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI < 0.122), class II (55.6%) was defined as moderate soil fertility (0.122 < SQI < 0.18), and class III (8.2%) was defined as poor soil fertility (SQI > 0.186). The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content = soil available phosphorus content > soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

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