Effect of soil incorporation and dose on control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)with the preemergence bioherbicidePhomopsis convolvulus

The preemergence efficacy of soil surface applications of aPhomopsis convolvulusgranular formulation to control field bindweed seedlings was compared with its efficacy when inoculum granules were incorporated in soil. In addition, the effect of different doses of soil-applied granules was also determined. Under controlled environment conditions, incorporation of the fungal granules resulted in aboveground biomass reductions between 88 and 96%, with no significant differences observed between incorporation depths of 1.5 and 3 cm. Granule applications on the soil surface were less effective, reducing aboveground biomass 40 to 83%. In a parallel field experiment conducted over two growing seasons, however, surface applications of inoculum granules resulted in greater weed control compared with soil incorporation of the granules. In spring and summer trials conducted in 1996, surface applications resulted in a 93 and 100% aboveground biomass reduction, respectively, whereas incorporated granules reduced biomass 62 and 97%. Similar trends were observed in 1997. Different soil-applied doses ofP. convolvulusdid not affect the level of weed control under both controlled environment and field conditions. In 1995 and 1996 field trials, all rates used (30, 20, and 10 g 0.25m−2plot) resulted in substantial (90 to 100%) field bindweed aboveground biomass reductions. Findings in this study indicate that under field conditions, preemergence applications of the bioherbicideP. convolvuluson the soil surface provide effective control of field bindweed.

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Efficacy ofPhomopsis convolvulusfor Control of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500072921 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 830-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Louise Morin ◽

Alan K. Watson ◽

Richard D. Reeleder

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Severely Injured ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Cotyledon Stage ◽

Field Bindweed

Phomopsis convolvulusOrmeno, a fungus, reduced growth and regeneration of field bindweed under greenhouse environments. Field bindweed seedlings at the cotyledon stage were severely injured and killed (95% mortality) with 108conidia/m2. Three- to five-leaf seedlings (2 weeks old) were controlled when inoculated with 109conidia/m2(70% mortality; 98 and 89% reduction in dry weight of aboveground biomass and roots, respectively). This inoculum density reduced aboveground and root biomass, and adversely affected regeneration of 4-week-old seedlings and established plants, but few plants were killed. In controlled-environment studies, two inoculations were superior (P = 0.02) to one inoculation in reducing foliage aboveground of well-established seedlings (4 weeks old). However, new shoots produced between the first and second inoculation treatments were less diseased than expected.

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Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control with Fluroxypyr

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00038094 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 966-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert T. Macdonald ◽

J. Christopher Hall ◽

James J. O'Toole ◽

Clarence J. Swanton

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Flower Stage ◽

One Year ◽

Early Flower

Experiments were conducted under controlled environment and field conditions to evaluate the influence of growth stage and fluroxypyr dosage on control of field bindweed. In controlled environment studies fluroxypyr effectively controlled 8- to 12-leaf field bindweed. Shoot number, length, and dry weight, and root dry weight decreased as herbicide dose increased. The estimated ED50(effective dose for 50% reduction) values for shoot and root dry weight were 50 and 33 g ai/ha, respectively. The ED50for shoot length was 98 g ai/ha. Fluroxypyr was applied at rates from 0.2 to 0.4 kg/ha under field conditions to field bindweed at selected stages of growth. Regardless of herbicide dosage, fluroxypyr applied at the late flowering stage of growth controlled field bindweed better than when applied at the bud or early flower stage. Corn grain yield increased as a function of fluroxypyr dose in 1988 but not in 1987. Dry weight of roots and shoots of field bindweed harvested one year after treatment decreased with increasing rates of fluroxypyr. These studies demonstrate the potential of fluroxypyr for the control of field bindweed.

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Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Sergeja ADAMIČ ◽

Stanislav TRDAN

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Ophraella Communa ◽

Tyta Luctuosa

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) – Gastrophysa viridula (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) – Apion violaceum (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) – Ophraella communa (LeSage, 1986) and Zygogramma suturalis (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) – Cassida rubiginosa (Müller, 1776), cleavers (Galium aparine L.) – Halidamia affinis (Fallen, 1807) and Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare L.) and black-bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus L.) – Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) – Galeruca rufa (Germar, 1824) and Tyta luctuosa (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

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Movement of Alachlor and Metribuzin from Controlled Release Formulations in a Sandy Soil

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500058197 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 606-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gwen F. Fleming ◽

Loyd M. Wax ◽

F. William Simmons ◽

Allan S. Felsot

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Weed Control ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Column Experiments ◽

Limited Effect ◽

Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Controlled Release Formulations

Field and column experiments were conducted to determine the effect of controlled release formulations on weed control and leaching of alachlor and metribuzin on a Plainfield sand. Controlled release formulations including two starch encapsulations of both herbicides and a microencapsulation of alachlor were compared to emulsifiable concentrate and dry flowable formulations of alachlor and metribuzin, respectively. Herbicide movement was measured in laboratory columns and in the field throughout two growing seasons to a soil depth of 91 cm. Soybean injury and weed control were monitored. No significant differences in herbicide movement between starch-encapsulated and emulsifiable concentrate formulations were observed in either field or column experiments. Microencapsulation resulted in the greatest retention of alachlor in the soil surface in field and columns. Compared to the dry flowable formulation, starch encapsulation did not affect metribuzin distribution in the field but reduced leaching in columns. Controlled release formulations did not result in significant differences in weed control and soybean injury compared to the emulsifiable concentrate alachlor and dry flowable metribuzin formulations. Starch encapsulations had a limited effect on alachlor and metribuzin movement. Degradation appeared to be the primary mechanism for herbicide dissipation while leaching losses were minor.

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Biology of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum) an Introduced Weed in Florida

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0003952x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 465-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. Jeffrey Mullahey ◽

John Cornell

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Effective Control ◽

Apple Seedling ◽

Root Segments ◽

Tropical Soda Apple ◽

Solanum Viarum

Understanding the biology of tropical soda apple (TSA) is necessary to develop effective control strategies. Tropical soda apple seedling emergence, growth, and regeneration from roots were evaluated. Plant growth (height, leaf number, flowering) was monitored over 110 d in a greenhouse experiment. Emerged seedlings required 83 d to reach a height of 40 cm and 108 d to flower. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in TSA root and stem fractions, monitored monthly for 1 yr, were highest in December (35%-root, 18%-stem). Seedling emergence as affected by planting depth (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 cm) and regeneration from root segments (7.5, 15 cm long) placed on the soil surface and 5 and 10 cm deep were studied in separate greenhouse experiments. Seedling emergence was lowest (P < 0.05) for seed placed on the soil surface (6.9%) and at a depth of 8 cm (19.4%) with the highest level of TSA emergence predicted at 63% for seed planted 3.6 cm deep. Regeneration from roots was higher (P < 0.05) for the 15-cm root segments than for the 7.5-cm segments while depth of root segment placement did not affect regeneration. Weed control strategies should involve cultural and chemical practices that affect both roots and seeds.

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Field Bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)Control in Corn(Zea mays)and Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)with Dicamba and 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450006478x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 665-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer ◽

J. F. Swink ◽

P. E. Heikes

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Fall Application

Control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensisL.) on irrigated land was studied by application of herbicides once in the fall and then only in the spring for the next 4 yr. Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively. Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year. By the fall of the fourth year, field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots. Yield of corn(Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr. Yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots, but in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.

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Weed Control in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with Soil-applied Herbicides Affected by a Prolonged and Limited rainfall

Poljoprivreda ◽

10.18047/poljo.27.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Zvonko Pacanoski ◽

◽

Arben Mehmeti ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Early Spring ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Weed Species ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solanum Nigrum L

The field trials were carried out in the Bitola and Titov Veles regions during two sunflower growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to estimate a weed control in sunflower with the soil‒applied herbicides, influenced by a prolonged and limited rainfall. Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. were the most dominant weeds in both regions. The efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among the weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions, and years. The overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with weather and soil conditions. The inconsistent weather patterns between the two years of the study likely influenced the weed control. All weeds in 2018 in the Bitola region were poorly controlled (<77% and <62%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively) due to a higher amount of rainfall (57 mm) during the 10 days of the 1st decade after herbicide application. The herbicide efficacy has only produced a marginal control of weeds in 2019 in the Titov Veles region as well (<68% and <59%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively), due to the drought conditions observed in this region in early spring and in mid-spring. A PREem application followed by a heavy rainfall resulted in a sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, ranging from 9 to 28% across the PRE-em treatments seven days after emergence. The injuries by oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid-P were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). The sunflower achene yields for each treatment in both regions generally reflected an overall weed control and crop injury.

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Seasonal biology of Melanagromyza albocilia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and seasonal patterns of field bindweed infestation, under field conditions in Slovakia

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.84269 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Tóth ◽

Massimo Cristofaro ◽

Ludovít Cagán

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Infested Field

Melanagromyza albocilia Hendel, a stem borer of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) was observed at three sites in Slovakia during 1999 and 2000. The insect overwintered as pupa. The first generation adults emerged in May and those of second during June—August. Percentage of infested field bindweed plants varied from 46.7% to 99.2% and number of infested stems from 4.1% to 37.2%. Infested stems contained an average of 0.84 ± 0.40 to 1.34 ± 0.50 specimens (larvae, parasitized larvae, pupae). The population of M. albocilia was the highest in 1999, with mean densities of 1.57 ± 1.01 to 3.21 ± 2.13 specimens/plant. All parasitoids emerged from larvae were identified as Bracon picticornis Wesmael.

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Postemergence Control of Annual Grasses and Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance Using DPX-79406

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0003997x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 288-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Clarence J. Swanton ◽

Kevin Chandler ◽

Monica J. Elmes ◽

Stephen D. Murphy ◽

Glenn W. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Free Field ◽

Effective Control ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Green Foxtail

DPX-79406 was evaluated for POST annual grass weed control in both controlled environment and field experiments. In controlled environment experiments, green foxtail was most susceptible to DPX-79406; whereas yellow foxtail was least susceptible of the species evaluated. DPX-79406 at 12 g/ha completely controlled six leaf black-seeded proso millet, yellow foxtail, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass. In the field, DPX-79406 at 3.0 to 25.0 g/ha effectively controlled annual grass weeds without injury to three- to six-leaf corn. There was more variation in the effectiveness of DPX-79406 applied in the field. Early POST applications provided less weed control than the late application, especially for barnyardgrass, because of weeds emerging after application. As a result, higher doses were sometimes needed for effective control. In weed-free field trials at two sites in 1990 and 1991, corn tolerated doses up to 75 g/ha of DPX-79406 applied at the three- to six-leaf growth stage. However, doses as low as 18.8 g/ha applied at the six- to nine-leaf growth stage reduced grain yield. In 1991, corn tillering increases and height and yield reductions were related linearly to the dose of DPX-79406 applied during later growth stages. DPX-79406 should be applied early POST in order to avoid crop injury while providing effective weed control.

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Control of Egyptian Broomrape in Processing Tomato: A Summary of 20 Years of Research and Successful Implementation

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-18-0020-fe ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1477-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hanan Eizenberg ◽

Yaakov Goldwasser

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Trials ◽

Effective Control ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Processing Tomato

The obligate root parasitic weeds commonly known as broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) cause severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Efficient control of these parasites is difficult due to their development and attachment to the host plant (via a specialized organ, the haustorium) under the soil surface and to their unique biological traits of massive seed production, facile seed dispersal, germination only under specific conditions, and seed longevity. The major damage inflicted by the parasites takes place underground, making control extremely challenging. Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a devastating pest in the Mediterranean basin, parasitizing a wide host crop range, including tomato, sunflower, legumes, and carrot, resulting in severe crop losses. Twenty years of research have led to the development of integrated smart management strategies for combating this parasite in processing tomato fields. In particular, an explicit decision support system (DSS) designated PICKIT has been developed; this DSS is based on predicting parasitism dynamics and employing a range of selective targeted chemical applications (preplanting incorporation, foliar application, and herbigation). In this feature article, we describe the evolution of this research from the laboratory, through greenhouse and experimental field trials, to large scale commercial fields and the successful assimilation of PICKIT into agricultural practice. The use of PICKIT in fields of processing tomatoes in northern Israel has led to effective control of Egyptian broomrape, even in fields with high infestation levels, resulting in a tomato yield increase of an average of 40 tons ha−1 compared with nontreated plots. In 2016, PICKIT was commercially implemented in 33 fields, totaling 400 ha, giving 95% Egyptian broomrape control and tomato yields of 115 to 145 tons ha−1. The outcome of this research is now enabling farmers to grow tomatoes in Egyptian broomrape-infested fields with assured increased yields and hence high profits.

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