Effects of Tillage on Chlorimuron Persistence

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Determine Effect

Field studies were conducted in Mississippi on a Marietta loam during 1988, 1989, and 1990, and in Tennessee on a Statler loam during 1988 and 1989, to determine effect of tillage on chlorimuron persistence. A corn shoot bioassay was conducted to determine bioavailable chlorimuron in the soil. Tillage system affected chlorimuron persistence only in 1989 at Tennessee. Chlorimuron half-life was 10 to 31 d longer in both tillage systems in Mississippi in 1988 compared to 1989 and 1990, probably due to low soil moisture immediately after application in 1988. In Tennessee, chlorimuron half-life was 71 d shorter in the no-till system in 1988 compared to 1989. Differences did not occur between locations in the conventional tillage system in 1989. Differences in chlorimuron persistence between years and locations were most often attributed to soil water and temperature. Soil pH differences between the two locations did not consistently affect chlorimuron persistence.

Atrazine Dissipation as Affected by Surface pH and Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kells ◽  
C. E. Rieck ◽  
R. L. Blevins ◽  
W. M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Field studies and laboratory analyses were conducted to examine factors affecting degradation of14C-atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamine)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] under field conditions. The effects of these factors on weed control under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems were also examined. The amount of radioactivity which was unextractable in 90% methanol increased with time following treatment with14C-atrazine. The rate of formation of unextractable14C compounds was greater under no-tillage and increased with decreasing pH. After 14 to 18 days, a greater amount of extractable atrazine was present in areas receiving lime. The degradation of atrazine occurred more rapidly when surface pH was less than 5.0 compared with a pH greater than 6.5. The effect of lime on the amount of parent atrazine present in the soil was directly correlated to its effect on soil pH. Extractable atrazine in the soil 45 days after treatment was significantly correlated with weed control with the greatest effect under no-tillage.

scholarly journals Economics of Maize and Bean Production: Why Farmers need to Shift to Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Moses Omondi Otieno ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Charles K. Gachene ◽  
Shamie Zingore
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Residue Retention

Maize and dry bean are the most important food crops that feed over 85% of Kenyan households. However, the productivity of these crops is low due to the high costs of land preparation and weed control, soil infertility and limited soil moisture under the current conventional tillage system of production. A study was carried in Embu County and Kirinyaga County to determine the economic returns of a maize-bean rotation system under different tillage systems and fertilizer regimes. Maize was produced during the long rains under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) and conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR) and inorganic fertilizer regimes (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS). Dry bean was planted in the short rains in the same plots where maize under different nutrient management regimes and tillage systems had been grown and harvested. The trial was laid out in a split-plot design with the tillage method as the main plot and fertilizer as sub-plot. Economic performance was assessed using partial budget analysis based on labor data and prices of all inputs used during the production period. Grain yields were reduced by 10% to reflect farmers’ yield levels. Maize and dry bean grains were sold at the prevailing farm gate prices. Results showed that maize-bean rotation was KE 22,718 cheaper under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) than under conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR). On average, NT+CR recorded KE 29,569 higher net benefit than CT-CR. The NT+CR tillage recorded a benefit to cost ratio of 3.7 compared to 2.7 recorded under CT-CR tillage system. The NT+CR with NK combined was the most profitable treatment with a benefit to cost ratio of 4.92 for maize and 4.33 for maize-bean rotation system. Based on this research, combination of no-till with crop residue retention has the potential to improve economic status and alleviate poverty among resource-constrained farmers.

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Weeds Control and Corn Hybrids Yield Cultivated in Southeastern Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Claudiu Chițoi ◽  
Costică Ciontu ◽  
Maria Toader
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weeds Control

Abstract The paper presents the yield results obtained in 2017 for the corn crop grown in the soil and climate conditions of Southern Romania (Calarasi county). The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior and yield of a range of corn hybrids from different FAO groups: DKC 4590 (FAO 350), PP9911 (FAO 410) and Olt (FAO 430) under different soil tillage systems. The conventional tillage system applied was plowing at 20 and 30 cm, while scarifying at 30 and 40 cm and Tiger 3 MT at 20 and 30 cm were used for the minimum tillage system. The average yield of the three hybrids analyzed was 8,130.3 kg/ha in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding, while for the conventional tillage system without mechanical weeding the yield was 7,682.2 kg/ha. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded an average yield of 6,746.4 kg/ha when mechanical weeding was applied and 6,474.9 kg/ha for the variants without mechanical weeding. Regarding the degree of weeding by tillage system, in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding the number of weeds was 4.2 plants/m2 and 9.3 plants/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded 12.8 weeds/m2 when mechanical weeding was applied and 16.2 weeds/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Emergence Depth of Giant (Setaria faberi) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Thomas C. Mester
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chisel Plow

The effect of tillage systems on depth of emergence and densities of giant and green foxtail under different environmental and cropping conditions were evaluated from 1985 to 1987 at Arlington, Hancock, and Janesville, WI. Mean emergence depths in no-till were the shallowest, followed by chisel plow and conventional tillage at each location. At least 40% of the giant and green foxtail plants emerged from the upper 1 cm of soil in no-till compared to about 25% in chisel plow and less than 15% in conventional tillage. As many as 25% of the plants emerged from greater than 4 cm in conventional tillage compared to about 10% in chisel plow and less than 5% in no-till. Seedlings emerged from greater depths in a loamy sand than in a silt loam soil regardless of tillage system. At Arlington, green foxtail was the dominant species in conventional tillage, while giant foxtail dominated in chisel plow and no-till. Foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-till than in conventional tillage at all three locations.

CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES IN DARK BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Ap HORIZONS UNDER VARIOUS CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

The Ap horizons of two conservation tillage studies on Dark Brown Chernozemic soils in southern Alberta were sampled in 1986 following the fallow year. The first study, started in 1967, consisted of a wheat-fallow rotation under either no-till chemical fallow, blade-cultivate, or chemical fallow + blade-cultivate management. The second study, started in 1977, consisted of continuous winter wheat, winter wheat-barley-fallow, and winter wheat-fallow rotations under either no-till or conventional tillage management. Nine years of no-till continuous wheat and 19 yr of no-till in a wheat-fallow rotation both led to 40% of the dry aggregates being > 0.84 mm in diameter. The parameters selected helped to characterize differences in organic matter between soil tillage systems. Dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were twice as high under no-till as under the blade-cultivate treatment. No-till also led to the largest monosaccharide accumulation in the soil. Carbohydrates, solvent-extractable organic matter, and chitin N were significantly higher in the > 0.84 mm diameter dry aggregates from the no-till treatment. The monosaccarides under the blade-cultivate regime were generally of microbial origin whereas those under the no-till regime were generally of plant origin. Key words: Water-stable aggregates, dry aggregates, enzyme activities, organic carbon, monosaccharides, fallow

scholarly journals Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Skidmore ◽  
Clancy A Short ◽  
Chasity Dills ◽  
Karen Goodell ◽  
Ricardo T Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa ◽  
Ground Nesting

Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

Effects of Tillage on the Efficacy and Persistence of Clomazone in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted in 1985 to 1987 to evaluate the effects of conventional and no-tillage systems on the weed control provided by clomazone applied preemergence in soybeans. The persistence of clomazone in soil of the two tillage systems was also determined. Increasing the clomazone rate from 0.8 to 1.4 kg/ha did not increase weed control. Clomazone controlled 80% or more of jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Common cocklebur control ranged from about 50 to 70% in no-till and from 80 to 90% in conventional tillage. Generally, soybean pods/plant and yields were lower from clomazone treatments than from handweeded treatments due to inadequate common cocklebur control. Over 40% of the clomazone applied did not reach the soil surface; it was either intercepted by wheat straw, volatilized, or both. Clomazone persisted longer in conventional tillage than in no-tillage in. However, in 1986, clomazone was equally persistent in the two tillage systems. The half-life of clomazone was 34 and 6 days in 1985 in conventional and no-tillage, respectively, and in 1986, 18 and 16 days in conventional and no-tillage, respectively. Significant clomazone concentrations were not found below 10 cm in the soil profile. Corn planted without tillage (no-till) approximately 1 yr after clomazone application was not injured and yields were not reduced due to prior clomazone use.

scholarly journals 286 Effects of Different Mulching and Tillage Systems on Soil Water Retention Under Drought Conditions in a Tomato Production System

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 440E-441
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Swenson ◽  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Michael E. Schmidt ◽  
She-Kong Chong
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Blossom End Rot

Water management is often the key to successful vegetable culture. Various mulching/tillage systems are often utilized in tomato production, depending upon the available resources of a particular grower, to achieve better water use efficiency. A study was conducted to compare six different mulching/tillage systems to observe the influence of these systems on soil water retention as well as on `Fabulous' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. Winter ryegrass and wheat were the cover crops utilized and were mowed with the following six treatments then applied: 1) Conventional tillage (CT), 2) black plastic over conventional tillage (BP), 3) no-till with cover crop sprayed with Glyphosate prior to transplanting (NT-GLY), 4) strip-till with cover crop sprayed with Glyphosate prior to transplanting (ST-GLY), 5) no-till in which cover crop was mowed periodically during the growing season (NT), and 6) strip-till with cover crop mowed periodically during the growing season (ST). This test was conducted under severe drought conditions (45.4 mm of rain from 1 July to 30 Sept. 1999) with plants receiving no supplemental water via irrigation at any time throughout the study. Soil moisture was measured periodically throughout the growing season at a depth of 20 cm; soil and mulch surface temperatures were taken at similar timings as soil moisture. Soil moisture levels during the growing season indicated different patterns of water depletion when comparing the six treatments. There was no significant difference between the winter rye and wheat with respect to water depletion or tomato yields. Lower early tomato yields under NT, ST, NT-GLY, and ST-GLY indicate that cooler soil conditions, while aiding in the retention of soil moisture, delay early tomato production when compared to the warmer soil conditions found under CT and BP. Results also indicate that late season harvests under NT and ST systems produce predominantly cull fruits with a high incidence of blossom-end rot. The NT-GLY and ST-GLY systems tended to produce comparatively lower levels of cull fruit and blossom-end rot in late season harvests than any of the other six treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Management on Soil Porosity and Bulk Density on Rape (Brasica Napus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana BALAN ◽  
L. RAUS ◽  
G. JITAREA
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Tillage System

Soil tillage systems have a major influence on soil physical characteristics. Optimal soil physical conditions for crop rooting are a result of complex interactions between soil structure and oxygen and water supply to plants roots. The experiment has been conducted in the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Ezareni Farm. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the influence of three soil tillage systems (a reduced tillage system, a no-tillage system and conventional tillage system) on several physical characteristics of the soil, such as soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil structural stability.

scholarly journals Respirasi Tanah Akibat Sistem Olah Tanah dan Aplikasi Mulsa In Situ pada Pertanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Universitas Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Yuves Menti ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Ainin Niswati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Soil respiration is an indicator of the activity of microorganisms in the soil. The treatment of soil tillage system and the use of organic mulch given to the soil will affect the activity of soil microorganisms. The research aims to study the effect of soil tillage systems, application of in situ mulch, and the interaction between both in soil respiration. This research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorially prepared with two treatment factors. The first factor is the soil tillage system (T), which consists of minimum tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The second factor is the treatment of mulch (M), which consists of no mulch (M0) and the application of in-situ mulch 5 t. ha-1 (M1). The data obtained were tested for various homogeneity by the Bartlett test and additivity by the Tukey test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with LSD test at a 5% level. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch had no significant effect on soil respiration, and there was no interaction between the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch in soil respiration on observations before tillage, 1 day after planting (HST), 41 HST, and 88 HST. There is no correlation between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration on pre-tillage observations, 1 HST, 41 HST, and 88 HST.

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