The Mixed Economy of Day Care: Consumer Versus Professional Assessments

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Child Day Care

AbstractOne of the crucial issues in the evolution of the welfare state is the preferred means of funding and providing social services. In the absence of a federally-funded and centrally-administered child day care programme in the United States, a variety of services and programmes have evolved. Public policy which seeks to encourage service diversity must consider the ability of social service consumers to afford, select or utilize services of quality, or to demand quality from service providers. This study compares child day care services provided under different auspices — public (state and municipal), quasi-public (military), quasi-private (employer-sponsored), non-profit and private proprietary. Consumer ratings of the day care programmes provided under six different auspices are compared to a research assessment of the same six programmes. The data indicate a tendency among consumers to be inattentive regarding the basic elements of care and to overestimate the quality of care. If we accept the view that consumer choice is desirable on procedural grounds (a desirable freedom), then the findings of this study suggest that public policy should strive to enhance the effectiveness of consumer choice.

Smoking Policies of Licensed Child Day-Care Centers in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-463
Author(s):  
David E. Nelson ◽  
Jeffrey J. Sacks ◽  
David G. Addiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Smoking Policies ◽  
Child Day Care Centers

The authors analyzed data from a national survey of 2003 directors of licensed child day-care centers to determine employee smoking policies, measure compliance with state and local employee smoking regulations for child day-care centers and state clean indoor air laws, and to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in these settings. Forty states regulated employee smoking in child day-care centers, but only three states required day-care centers to be smoke-free indoors. More than 99% of licensed child day-care centers had employee smoking policies that complied with the appropriate state or local smoking regulations. Nearly 55% of centers were smoke-free indoors and outdoors, and 26% were smoke-free indoors only. The best predictors of more stringent employee smoking policies were location in the West or South, smaller size, independent ownership, or having written smoking policies. Despite the presence of strong smoking policies at the majority of licensed child day-care centers, more than 752000 children in the United States are at risk for environmental tobacco smoke exposure in these settings. Health care professionals and parents should insist that child day-care centers be smoke-free indoors and, preferably, smoke-free indoors and outdoors.

scholarly journals Arrangements for the Transfer of Social-Services Delivery to Non-Governmental Providers (Regional Practices, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-274
Author(s):  
Galina Zabolotnaya ◽  
Andrey Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Processes ◽  
Federal Center

AbstractThe study focuses on the Russian practice of institutionalizing non-governmental social-service providers. The paper discusses the arrangements for the transfer of governmental social services under the terms of budget financing to commercial and non-profit organizations. The authors proceed from the fact that although there are uniform institutional conditions for the formation of the non-governmental sector in the field of social services, established by the federal center, most of the rules and procedures which determine the implementation of this process are defined on the level of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. The paper explores the practices of three regions: Perm, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra. These regions are recognized as the leaders in the process of diversification of social services. The analysis made it possible to identify the general and the particular in the regional processes of the transfer of social services to the non-governmental sector.

scholarly journals Homelessness during COVID-19: Challenges, Responses, and Lessons Learned from Homeless Service Providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Rodriguez ◽  
Alexa M. Lahey ◽  
Justin J. MacNeill ◽  
Rebecca G. Martinez ◽  
Nina E. Teo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Community Based Organizations

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare some of the United States’ most devastating health and social inequities faced by people experiencing homelessness. Homeless populations experience disproportionate rates of underlying health conditions, stigma and marginalization that often disenfranchise them from health and social services, and living conditions that potentiate the risk of COVID-19 transmission and adverse outcomes. Methods: Guided by the socio-ecological model, this community-based participatory research study examined the impacts of the COVID-19 public health crisis on people experiencing homelessness in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and the ways in which homeless service providers prepared for, experienced, and responded to the pandemic. Eighteen (18) semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of 15 community-based organizations, including shelters and other homeless service providers.Results: Qualitative content analysis revealed multilevel challenges and responses to COVID-19 impact mitigation in this community, including the implementation of diverse safety measures, policies and novel service delivery innovations.Conclusions: Community-based organizations, including homeless shelters, are uniquely qualified to inform pandemic response and disaster risk mitigation in order to respond appropriately to the specific needs of people experiencing homelessness. Many of the emergency measures put in place by homeless service providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana created opportunities for innovative solutions to longstanding challenges faced by homeless populations that can inform better service delivery moving forward, long after the COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned and shared by homeless service providers on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications to improve future disaster response for homeless and other vulnerable populations.

Regulating for Quality in the Voluntary Sector

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN JOHNSON ◽  
SANDRA JENKINSON ◽  
IAN KENDALL ◽  
YVONNE BRADSHAW ◽  
MARTIN BLACKMORE
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Contract Compliance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assurance Contracts

The implementation of the NHS and Community Care Act, the greatly increased use of voluntary sector providers and the switch from grants to contracts form the background to this study. The article brings together two main themes in current social policy debate in the personal social services: regulation and quality assurance. Contracts are seen as increasingly significant forms of input, process and output regulation, although their impact depends upon their type and specificity and upon the capacity of purchasers to monitor contract compliance, and the sanctions available to them. Clarification of the conceptual framework is followed by the report of an empirical study of the position in a single large county. The results from this study are then discussed in the context of evidence from other parts of Britain and the United States. The main issues identified in this discussion are competition, consumer choice, user involvement, the dangers of excessive and inappropriate regulation, the importance of trust and risk, and the relationship of resources to quality.

Infectious Diseases and Child Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goodman ◽  
Michael T. Osterholm ◽  
Dan M. Granoff ◽  
Larry K. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Control And Prevention

The number of day care centers and home care facilities has steadily increased in the United States. Recent interest has focused on the possible relationship between attendance at child day care facilities and the occurrence of certain infectious diseases. A variety of infectious agents have been reported as causes of illness among children and staff in day care programs. In general, however, concurrent risks for these infections among children attending and those not attending day care programs have not been established by prospective studies. A review is made of the pathogens that have been associated with infections in day care settings, patterns of occurrence of infectious diseases in day care facilities, aspects of control and prevention of these diseases, and controversies related to infectious diseases in child day care facilities. Aspects of this problem that warrant further research are outlined.

Tuberculosis in a Day-Care Home

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-632
Author(s):  
CHARLES M. NOLAN ◽  
HEATHER BARR ◽  
ANNA M. ELARTH ◽  
JANICE BOASE
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chest Roentgenogram ◽  
Adult Day Care ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Protective Regulations

It has been predicted that tuberculosis, if it occurred in child day-care centers, would spread from adults to children. This mode of spread is in contrast to that of most day-care infections which spread from child-to-child or from child-to-adult. Recognizing the theoretical risk that children might acquire tuberculosis from adult day-care workers, some states have already adopted protective regulations. The present report confirms the prediction of an adult-to-child pathway of tuberculosis transmission in a day-care setting and provides an opportunity to review the current approaches to prevention. DESCRIPTION OF OUTBREAK In August 1984, a 26-year-old Ethiopian man immigrated to the United States; a tuberculin test was positive (18 mm) and a chest roentgenogram showed normal findings.

Evaluating Social Services and Refugee Integration in Maryland

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Blessing Enekwe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
The World

As a child of immigrants, I have always been interested in issues facing the foreign-born, particularly to the United States. Being exposed to immigrants from around the world helped me understand the different factors that motivated my parents' migration to the United States while realizing that others throughout the world were also heavily impacted by ineffectual home governments. As I delved into political attitudes, international relations, and public policy, my attention continued to turn back to the ways in which policies and attitudes in the United States affect the lives of immigrants. Identifying aspects of social policy that enhance immigrant life in the United States became central to my research interests.

Infirmary-Style Sick-Child Day Care: Do We Need More Information?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Lydia Furman
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Family Day Care ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Tract Infections

At least 8.2 million children younger than the age of 4 years have working mothers.1 More than half of these infants and children receive out-of-home care: approximately 23% attend day-care centers, 37% are in "family day care," 8% are cared for by the mother herself at work, and the remainder are cared for at home by a relative or sitter.1 Illness is a significant and frequent problem for children of parents working out of the home. We know that respiratory illnesses are the most common acute illness among children in the United States,2 and a recent study found that for children younger than the age of 3, the prevalence of medicated respiratory tract infections is lowest in children cared for in their own homes, higher in those receiving "family day care," and highest in those attending child-care centers.3 Children in day-care centers are additionally at greater risk of several other infectious diseases.4-6 The Bureau of National Affairs concluded that on any given day more than 359 000 children younger than the age of 14 with both parents working are too ill to attend school or day care.7 Who is caring for these sick children? Several recent reviews have examined this question in detail.8,9 A variety of patterns of care for sick children of parents working outside the home have evolved. These can be grouped by type of provider and by location of care. Possible care givers include (1) a parent, (2) a familiar care giver who is not the parent, or (3) a trained but unfamiliar health worker.

Governance and the Small, Religiously Affiliated Social Service Provider

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. S44-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Stone ◽  
Miriam M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Religiously Affiliated ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
Social Service Provider

Religiously affiliated providers of social services are becoming increasingly important in the transformation of social welfare policy in the United States. This article focuses on governance issues and challenges facing these small service providers. Using perspectives from the organization and management literatures and examples from prior research, the article makes three general observations. First, predictable patterns of governance exist, depending on the types of structural relationships religiously affiliated agencies have with their religious bases. Second, governance will be affected by particular characteristics of both small and religious organizations. Third, growth presents critical challenges to the ability of these providers to maintain their indigenous religious cultures. Hypotheses are offered to stimulate further research in each of these areas.

Gender, Public Policy and the Oldest Old

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Sprague Zones ◽  
Carroll L. Estes ◽  
Elizabeth A. Binney*
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Health And Social Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Resources

ABSTRACTThose 85 years of age and older are the fastest growing subpopulation in the United States. Because they represent a very small proportion of the population (just 1% in 1980), the oldest old have not been studied until recently. Much of the interest in this group is related to their growth (over 50% per decade in the past 50 years) coupled with their disproportionate use of public resources, particularly health and social services. Women are strikingly overrepresented among the oldest old, with a gender ratio of approximately 44 males for every 100 females age 85 and older.

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