Membership categorization analysis of racism in an online discussion among neighbors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Natasha Shrikant
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article addresses relationships between micro and macro aspects of language use through analyzing online interactions among neighbors discussing racism in their neighborhood. Membership categorization analysis supplemented with critical theory highlights how the ways neighbors name, characterize, and position categories orients to their rhetorical and identity goals (to construct reasonable stances, to seem not racist), which in turn motivates alignment with critical, folk, or colorblind ideologies of racism. Thus, ideologies do not determine interactional choices participants make, but rather are constituted by those choices. Findings also illustrate how discursive strategies such as reported speech, absurdity, three-part lists, and metadiscourse support ways that neighbors organize categories and achieve their aims. Additional contributions to this study include demonstrating the utility of membership categorization analysis for analyzing discourses of racism and providing practical insight into how racially diverse groups can have productive conversations about racism. (Racism, ideology, membership categorization analysis)*

scholarly journals Dissonant roles: the experience of Maori in cancer care.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dew ◽  
L Signal ◽  
C Davies ◽  
T Huia ◽  
C Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Sick Role ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Indigenous peoples have poorer health outcomes than their non-indigenous counterparts and this applies to cancer outcomes for Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Differential access to and quality of healthcare contributes to poorer survival rates for Maori. This research provides insight into some of the mechanisms that hinder and facilitate care access. Thirty four people who had undergone cancer treatment (19Maori and 15 non-Maori) were interviewed by two Maori researchers. The analysis of the interview transcripts was informed by membership categorization analysis. This form of analysis attends to the categories that are used and the activities and characteristics associated with those categories. From this analysis it is argued that the classical patient role, or sick role, inadequately captures the kind of role that some Maori take in relation to their healthcare. Maori can also have culturally specific family (whanau) influences and a greater draw towards alternative approaches to healthcare. Dissonant roles contribute to a different experience for Maori. A better understanding of the categories and roles that are relevant to those who have cancer provides opportunities to attenuate the monocultural impacts of healthcare.

scholarly journals Dissonant roles: the experience of Maori in cancer care.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dew ◽  
L Signal ◽  
C Davies ◽  
T Huia ◽  
C Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Sick Role ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Indigenous peoples have poorer health outcomes than their non-indigenous counterparts and this applies to cancer outcomes for Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Differential access to and quality of healthcare contributes to poorer survival rates for Maori. This research provides insight into some of the mechanisms that hinder and facilitate care access. Thirty four people who had undergone cancer treatment (19Maori and 15 non-Maori) were interviewed by two Maori researchers. The analysis of the interview transcripts was informed by membership categorization analysis. This form of analysis attends to the categories that are used and the activities and characteristics associated with those categories. From this analysis it is argued that the classical patient role, or sick role, inadequately captures the kind of role that some Maori take in relation to their healthcare. Maori can also have culturally specific family (whanau) influences and a greater draw towards alternative approaches to healthcare. Dissonant roles contribute to a different experience for Maori. A better understanding of the categories and roles that are relevant to those who have cancer provides opportunities to attenuate the monocultural impacts of healthcare.

#JeSuisCirconflexe: The French spelling reform of 1990 and 2016 reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Emma Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussion ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Linguistic Intervention ◽  
Linguistic Purism ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTIn February 2016 the French spelling reform of 1990, which introduced changes to approximately 2,000 words, became the object of discussion online, after it was announced that the new spellings would be included in textbooks from September. Analysing a corpus of tweets, containing key terms from the online discussion, JeSuisCirconflexe; ognon and réforme orthographe, this study gives an insight into the reactions to this governmental linguistic intervention, the recurring themes in their discourse and how this can be interpreted as prescriptive or purist behaviour. Although previous studies have extensively analysed reactions to the 1996 spelling reform in Germany, little research has considered online lay-reactions to the French reform. Given observations that online interactions differ in many ways to equivalent offline interactions, this study can form a point of contrast to previous studies conducted in offline contexts, thereby enriching the existing literature in this field. It is also often claimed that France is a country in which linguistic purism is deeply entrenched; this article will seek further evidence for these claims.

“I am an adult now”

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
North America ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Immigrant Identity ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This narrative-based study employs membership categorization analysis to address the following question: How does a victim of abuse formulate and manage various categories and related descriptive details to story past trauma in ways that bring about new endings or insights in the present? Drawing on data taken from a larger research project on immigrant identity, the analysis centers on a Cambodian-Vietnamese man’s narrative of childhood abuse and adulthood confrontation. It shows how the teller, by recalibrating person (e.g., ‘father-son’, ‘victim-abuser’), age (e.g., ‘young-old’), place (e.g., ‘North America-Vietnam’), and other categorial resources, re-stories people and events and their psycho-social and moral inferences and outcomes. By tracing how this narrative teller reconstitutes himself from ‘victim’ to ‘hero’, this study offers insight into how a local interactional event (e.g., a research interview) may be transformed into a therapeutic exchange. Insights for therapeutic (re)storying, narrative research, and second language (L2) research are discussed.

“As a friend, that’s the one thing I always am very conscious not to do”

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Surtees
Keyword(s):  
Host Community ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The field of study abroad (SA) research has paid scant attention to the perspectives of people with whom SA students interact in the host community (e.g., Kinginger, 2012), particularly to the perspectives of peers. This paper analyzes interviews conducted with eight English-speaking peers of Japanese SA students sojourning in Western Canada. Using membership categorization analysis (MCA) (Housley & Fitzgerald, 2015), it examines how peers used category-based rationales to claim or resist responsibilities related to the SA students’ language development. Findings point to the relevance of two local identity categories: friends and exchange students. Exchange students were constructed as responsible for ‘asking for help’ while peers constructed their own role as ‘helping when asked’. Peers also treated correction as an ‘unfriendly’ practice. In addition to providing insight into peers’ understandings of their roles in students’ learning, the analyses demonstrate how interview questions can shape the participants responses in meaningful ways.

“It’s like, ‘I’ve never met a lesbian before!’”

Pragmatics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Shrikant
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Personal Experiences

This paper uses membership categorization analysis to illustrate how five women invoke multiple female gender and sexuality identity categories in personal narratives to construct the device of womanhood. The five racially diverse women include four self-identified lesbians and one heterosexual and range in age from mid-twenties to early forties. Analysis of their two hour audio recorded interaction illustrates that gender and sexuality cannot be understood as a binary difference between men and women. These women use revolutionary categories, defined on their own terms rather than by outsiders, to characterize women they encounter in their personal experience (lesbian and otherwise). The revolutionary categories exemplify a diversity of female gender and sexuality identities and ultimately challenge heteronormative conceptions of female identity while simultaneously constructing a lesbian counterpublic. Thus, the personal experiences of these women, as related through everyday narratives, turn out to be highly political.

“Are You Religious or are You Saved?”

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Stephen Pihlaja
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
Video Images ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Longitudinal Observation

Using membership categorization analysis, this article investigates membership categories in a YouTube video made by an Evangelical Christian in which he differentiates between “saved” and “religious” users. Analysis will take a discourse-centred, multimodal approach grounded in longitudinal observation, using analysis of video discourse to instruct analysis of video images and user comments. Findings will show that categorization is accomplished by using recognized categories with ambiguous descriptions of category-bound activities that include metaphors, such as “being hungry for God” and not “hanging out with atheists.” These categories are recognized by commenters on the video, but the category bound activities applied to the category members are disputed. Findings will also show that scriptural reference plays an important role in categorization in the video, drawing on direct Bible quotes as well as paraphrases of key passages.

scholarly journals Strategies for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training across Europe: results of a qualitative study

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e001183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Najm ◽  
Alessia Alunno ◽  
Francisca Sivera ◽  
Sofia Ramiro ◽  
Catherine Haines
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Formative Feedback ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Online Focus Groups ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectivesTo gain insight into current methods and practices for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training, and to explore the underlying priorities and rationales for competence assessment.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach through online focus groups (FGs) of rheumatology trainers and trainees, separately. The study included five countries—Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. A summary of current practices of assessment of competences was developed, modified and validated by the FGs based on an independent response to a questionnaire. A prioritising method (9 Diamond technique) was then used to identify and justify key assessment priorities.ResultsOverall, 26 participants (12 trainers, 14 trainees) participated in nine online FGs (2 per country, Slovenia 1 joint), totalling 12 hours of online discussion. Strong nationally (the Netherlands, UK) or institutionally (Spain, Slovenia, Denmark) standardised approaches were described. Most groups identified providing frequent formative feedback to trainees for developmental purposes as the highest priority. Most discussions identified a need for improvement, particularly in developing streamlined approaches to portfolios that remain close to clinical practice, protecting time for quality observation and feedback, and adopting systematic approaches to incorporating teamwork and professionalism into assessment systems.ConclusionThis paper presents a clearer picture of the current practice on the assessment of competences in rheumatology in five European countries and the underlying rationale of trainers’ and trainees’ priorities. This work will inform EULAR Points-to-Consider for the assessment of competences in rheumatology training across Europe.

Undoing the Legal Capacities of a Military Object: A Case Study on the (In)Visibility of Civilians

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kolanoski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Object A ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Civil Proceeding ◽  
The Military

International law dictates that actors in armed conflicts must distinguish between combatants and civilians. But how do legal actors assess the legality of a military operation after the fact? I analyze a civil proceeding for compensation by victims of a German-led airstrike in Afghanistan. The court treated military video as key evidence. I show how lawyers, judges, and expert witnesses categorized those involved by asking what a “military viewer” would make of the pictures. During the hearing, they avoided the categories of combatants/civilians; the military object resisted legal coding. I examine the decision in its procedural context, using ethnographic field notes and legal documents. I combine two ethnomethodological analytics: a trans-sequential approach and membership categorization analysis. I show the value of this combination for the sociological analysis of legal practice. I also propose that legal practitioners should use this approach to assess military viewing as a concerted, situated activity.

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