#JeSuisCirconflexe: The French spelling reform of 1990 and 2016 reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Emma Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussion ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Linguistic Intervention ◽  
Linguistic Purism ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTIn February 2016 the French spelling reform of 1990, which introduced changes to approximately 2,000 words, became the object of discussion online, after it was announced that the new spellings would be included in textbooks from September. Analysing a corpus of tweets, containing key terms from the online discussion, JeSuisCirconflexe; ognon and réforme orthographe, this study gives an insight into the reactions to this governmental linguistic intervention, the recurring themes in their discourse and how this can be interpreted as prescriptive or purist behaviour. Although previous studies have extensively analysed reactions to the 1996 spelling reform in Germany, little research has considered online lay-reactions to the French reform. Given observations that online interactions differ in many ways to equivalent offline interactions, this study can form a point of contrast to previous studies conducted in offline contexts, thereby enriching the existing literature in this field. It is also often claimed that France is a country in which linguistic purism is deeply entrenched; this article will seek further evidence for these claims.

Membership categorization analysis of racism in an online discussion among neighbors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Natasha Shrikant
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Membership Categorization Analysis ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article addresses relationships between micro and macro aspects of language use through analyzing online interactions among neighbors discussing racism in their neighborhood. Membership categorization analysis supplemented with critical theory highlights how the ways neighbors name, characterize, and position categories orients to their rhetorical and identity goals (to construct reasonable stances, to seem not racist), which in turn motivates alignment with critical, folk, or colorblind ideologies of racism. Thus, ideologies do not determine interactional choices participants make, but rather are constituted by those choices. Findings also illustrate how discursive strategies such as reported speech, absurdity, three-part lists, and metadiscourse support ways that neighbors organize categories and achieve their aims. Additional contributions to this study include demonstrating the utility of membership categorization analysis for analyzing discourses of racism and providing practical insight into how racially diverse groups can have productive conversations about racism. (Racism, ideology, membership categorization analysis)*

scholarly journals Strategies for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training across Europe: results of a qualitative study

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e001183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Najm ◽  
Alessia Alunno ◽  
Francisca Sivera ◽  
Sofia Ramiro ◽  
Catherine Haines
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Formative Feedback ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Online Focus Groups ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectivesTo gain insight into current methods and practices for the assessment of competences during rheumatology training, and to explore the underlying priorities and rationales for competence assessment.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach through online focus groups (FGs) of rheumatology trainers and trainees, separately. The study included five countries—Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. A summary of current practices of assessment of competences was developed, modified and validated by the FGs based on an independent response to a questionnaire. A prioritising method (9 Diamond technique) was then used to identify and justify key assessment priorities.ResultsOverall, 26 participants (12 trainers, 14 trainees) participated in nine online FGs (2 per country, Slovenia 1 joint), totalling 12 hours of online discussion. Strong nationally (the Netherlands, UK) or institutionally (Spain, Slovenia, Denmark) standardised approaches were described. Most groups identified providing frequent formative feedback to trainees for developmental purposes as the highest priority. Most discussions identified a need for improvement, particularly in developing streamlined approaches to portfolios that remain close to clinical practice, protecting time for quality observation and feedback, and adopting systematic approaches to incorporating teamwork and professionalism into assessment systems.ConclusionThis paper presents a clearer picture of the current practice on the assessment of competences in rheumatology in five European countries and the underlying rationale of trainers’ and trainees’ priorities. This work will inform EULAR Points-to-Consider for the assessment of competences in rheumatology training across Europe.

Task-Orientation Online Discussion

2011 ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Harvard ◽  
Jianxia Du ◽  
Anthony Olinzock
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Task Oriented

A dynamic task-oriented online discussion model for deep learning in distance education is described and illustrated in this paper. Information, methods, and cognition, three general learning processes provide the foundation on which the model is based. Three types of online discussion are prescribed; flexible peer, structured topic, and collaborative task discussion. The discussion types are paired with tasks encouraging students to build on their adoptive learning, promoting adaptive learning and challenging their cognitive abilities resulting in deep learning. The online discussion model was applied during two semesters of an online multimedia design for instruction graduate level course. The strategies for creating dynamic discussion serve to facilitate online interactions among diverse learners and assist in the design of assignments for effective interactions. The model proposed and the strategies for dynamic task-oriented discussion provide an online learning environment in which students learn beyond the course goal.

Jihadist Propaganda on Social Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 1442-1457
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Rawi ◽  
Jacob Groshek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Insight Into

This article focuses on ISIS followers on Twitter in an effort to understand the nature of their social media propaganda. The research study provides unique insight into one of the largest data sets that investigates ISIS propaganda efforts on Twitter by examining over 50 million tweets posted by more than 8 million unique users that referenced the keywords “ISIS” or “ISIL.” The authors then searched this corpus for eight keywords in Arabic that included terms of support for ISIS and the names of different Al-Qaeda leaders. A mixed research method was used, and the findings indicate that ISIS activity on Twitter witnessed a gradual decline, but the group was still able to post different types of tweets to maintain its online presence. Also, the feud between ISIS and Al-Qaeda was intense, ongoing, and prevalent in online interactions among ISIS followers. The study provides an understanding of using big data to better grasp the propaganda activities of terrorist groups.

Jihadist Propaganda on Social Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Rawi ◽  
Jacob Groshek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Insight Into

This article focuses on ISIS followers on Twitter in an effort to understand the nature of their social media propaganda. The research study provides unique insight into one of the largest data sets that investigates ISIS propaganda efforts on Twitter by examining over 50 million tweets posted by more than 8 million unique users that referenced the keywords “ISIS” or “ISIL.” The authors then searched this corpus for eight keywords in Arabic that included terms of support for ISIS and the names of different Al-Qaeda leaders. A mixed research method was used, and the findings indicate that ISIS activity on Twitter witnessed a gradual decline, but the group was still able to post different types of tweets to maintain its online presence. Also, the feud between ISIS and Al-Qaeda was intense, ongoing, and prevalent in online interactions among ISIS followers. The study provides an understanding of using big data to better grasp the propaganda activities of terrorist groups.

scholarly journals Caring for the Older Horse: A Conceptual Model of Owner Decision Making

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Gina Pinchbeck ◽  
Catherine McGowan ◽  
Joanne Ireland ◽  
Elizabeth Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Online Discussion Forum ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The number of aged horses in the UK has been growing over recent years, with many horses remaining active and being cared for into old age. However, increasing age is paralleled with a heightened risk of morbidity and mortality; therefore, owners of older horses must manage changes in their horse, making decisions about management and health care provision. In this paper, we discuss data collected from an open-access online discussion forum, where forum users sought advice arising from concerns about their older horse. Qualitative data analysis was performed using grounded theory methods. A conceptual model was developed to demonstrate the multifaceted ways in which ageing affects the human–horse relationship and impacts upon outcomes for the horse. The model reflects the dynamic nature of caring for an older horse to accommodate change over time—outcomes for the horse shift as the context of day-to-day life changes. The model provides novel insight into how decisions around older horse care are made.

scholarly journals Newton's "Experimental Philosophy"

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Restoration England ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNewton abjured using the term "experimental philosophy," widely used in Restoration England at the start of his career, until 1712 when he added a passage to the General Scholium of the Principia that briefly expounded his anti-hypothetical methodology. Drafts for query 23 of the second edition of the Opticks (1706) (which became query 31 in the third edition), however, show that he had intended to introduce the term to explain his methodology earlier. Newton introduced the term for polemical purposes to defend his theory of gravity against the criticisms of Cartesians and Leibnizians but, especially in the Principia, against Leibniz himself. "Experimental philosophy" has little directly to do with experiment, but rather more broadly designates empirical science. Newton's manuscripts provide insight into his use of "experimental philosophy" and the formulation of his methodology, especially such key terms as "deduce," "induction," and "phenomena," in the early eighteenth century.

Unbundling Enterprise and Entrepreneurship

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

Enterprise, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs are terms that are subject to particular depictions and representations that do not always reflect their actual nature. Publicly held and shared perceptions and preconceptions tend to lead to stereotypes, caricatures and distortions that preclude or obstruct real insight into these phenomena. A case is made for a reconsideration of the key terms, particularly via a grounding of analysis and experience in actual events and conditions. The paper concludes by defining entrepreneurship as being both a state – of being an entrepreneur, and a behaviour – of being entrepreneurial. From this perspective, entrepreneurship extends beyond limited conceptualizations of its close association with business start-up and growth to incorporate enterprising activity and dynamics across society and its institutions.

Methodological Considerations for Quantitative Content Analysis of Online Interactions

2011 ◽  
pp. 611-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng-Chee Tan ◽  
Hyo-Jeong So ◽  
Ching-Sing Chai
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Methodological Considerations

This chapter focuses on quantitative content analysis of online interactions, in particular, asynchronous online discussion. It clarifies the definitions of quantitative content analysis and provides a summary of 23 existing coding schemes, broadly categorized by the theoretical constructs under investigation: (1) (Meta) cognition, (2) knowledge construction, and (3) presence. To help interested researchers harvest the rich source of data in online communities, guidelines for using quantitative content analysis of online interactions were provided. In addition, important methodological considerations and issues were discussed, including the issues of validity, reliability, choice of unit of analysis, and latent versus manifested content.

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