The theories of the ‘Great Caravan Route’ between Cilicia and Troy: the Early Bronze Age III period in inland western Anatolia

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Efe
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
One Step ◽  
To Come

AbstractAt the beginning of the second settlement a change that we can define as a ‘breaking point’ takes place in Trojan indigenous cultural development. Behind this change must lie, to a great extent, the intensification of Troy's cultural and economic relations with the interior of Anatolia and beyond (north Syria and Mesopotamia). This change is archaeologically most evident in the pottery; the potter's wheel is introduced to Troy IIb along with new forms and wares. For a long time it has been widely accepted that the wheel – in use in north Syria and Cilicia since the Late Chalcolithic period – became known in the interior of western Anatolia only after its appearance at Troy, and there has been a general consensus that the potter's wheel and other Mesopotamian influences reached Troy through maritime trade from Cilicia westward and northward along the Anatolian coastline. The author, on the other hand, as early as the mid 1980s, had begun to defend the thesis that Trojan-Cilician relations were established over inland western Anatolia, rather than by sea. Here again he deals with the subject, now strengthened by new evidence that continues to come to light from recent investigations and excavations within western Anatolia – most especially that from Küllüoba, where excavation has been continuing under the author's auspices since 1996. The author now goes one step further to define this overland route between Cilicia and the north Aegean as the ‘Great Caravan Route’.

scholarly journals ON THE HANDLES OF CERAMIC VESSELS OF THE EARLY BRONZE PRIMORSKY DAGESTAN (QUESTIONS OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-114
Author(s):  
Arsen L. Budaychiev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Type 3

The main purpose of this article is a typological and chronological study of the handles of ceramic vessels originating from fairly well-studied sites of the Early Bronze Age of the Primorsky Lowland of Dagestan, including both settlements (Velikent II, Gemetyube I, II, Kabaz-Kutan I, II, Torpakh-kala), and and burial grounds (Velikent I (catacomb No. 8), II (catacomb No. 1), III (catacomb No. 1), Karabudakhkent II, Kayakent VI). The first handles in the North-Eastern Caucasus appeared on ceramic ware back in the Eneolithic era. During the early Bronze Age, handles became a characteristic part of ceramic dishes (bowls, containers, cups, vases) on the considered sites of Primorsky Dagestan. Functionally, they have a utilitarian, decorative, artistic and religious purpose. The handles are of four types, which are characteristic of certain forms of dishes: type 1 - horizontal tubular, type 2 - ribbon, type 3 - pseudo-handles, type 4 - hemispherical. The article provides a description of each type of pens, provides analogues on the sites of the Early Bronze Age both in the Northeast Caucasus and the adjacent regions of the Caucasus, including the territories of modern Iran, Turkey and Palestine and Israel, which were part of the distribution area of ​​the Kuro-Arak cultural and historical community ( including Khirbet-Kerak culture). The work identifies the most common and early, dating back to the Chalcolithic period, types of pens, discusses the issue of their chronology. This article is the first special work devoted to a typological and chronological analysis of ceramic vessel handles.

scholarly journals The Beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the North Jordan Valley: New14C Determinations from Pella in Jordan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bourke ◽  
Ugo Zoppi ◽  
John Meadows ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
Samantha Gibbins
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Ams Dates

This article reports on 10 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from early phases of the Early Bronze Age at the long-lived settlement of Pella (modern Tabaqat Fahl) in the north Jordan Valley. The new AMS dates fall between 3400 and 2800 cal BC, and support a recent suggestion that all Chalcolithic period occupation had ceased by 3800/3700 cal BC at the latest (Bourke et al. 2004b). Other recently published Early Bronze Age14C data strongly supports this revisionist scenario, suggesting that the earliest phase of the Early Bronze Age (EBA I) occupied much of the 4th millennium cal BC (3800/3700 to 3100/3000 cal BC). As this EB I period in the Jordan Valley is generally viewed as the key precursor phase in the development of urbanism (Joffe 1993), this revisionist chronology has potentially radical significance for understanding both the nature and speed of the move from village settlement towards a complex urban lifeway.

scholarly journals Regional economic integration as gateway to peace and region’s crises resolving Dry Canal Project and regional railway connection as a model

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
بسمة خليل الأوقاتي
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
International Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Shed Light

Competition intensified and conflicts intensified in our region and at various levels and a large part of them was a chronic tooth in which blood was flowing and money and wealth were lost and drawing a bleak horizon threatening the future of the nation and its rising generations with the arrival of its devastating destructive effects aspects of education and information and the employment of youth forces, where energies were disrupted and some of them even turned Strong sabotage as a result of hopelessness and blocking the hope for a better life. The paper is trying to shed light on the importance of launching joint economic projects at the regional international level, with Iraq as its center and axis, by benefiting from its central semi-continental (non-marine) geographical situation, which may have formed in the past and for a long time a geo-economic and strategic geo imbalance in the initial primitive accounts, Building and sustaining peace in our country and the countries of the region and reducing the level of negative competition between them is not easy and requires effort, ideas and constructive projects, and the joint economic projects that the region lacks are a necessary need to build and sustain peace in them. The study deals with the importance and pivotal of the Iraqi dry channel project for the Iraqi railway connection between the north and the south as well as between the east and the west (linking the Grand Faw port project to Europe via Turkey and linking Iraq to the Mediterranean via Syria) and it is based on the assumption that conflicts escalate and intensify between countries when weak and the absence of economic relations and trade Between them, on the contrary, the slide towards conflicts and wars is less, weaker and slower in the case of strong, large and effective common interests and structures.

scholarly journals A New Suggested Site for Troy (Yenibademli Höyük)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Oliver D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Aegean Island ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean

Nearly all archaeologists identify the remains of Troy with Hisarlik. This article in contrast looks at some alternative suggested locations and finding them to be implausible suggests a Bronze Age site – Yenibademli Höyük – on the North Aegean Island Imbros (Gökçeada). The popular identification of Hisarlik with Troy is questioned and doubted. It is argued on the basis of an ancient tradition Hisarlik cannot be the site of Troy and reveals descriptions from the Iliad are not compatible with Hisarlik.

Poliochni on Smoke-Shrouded Lemnos: An Early Bronze Age Center in the North Aegean

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Michael Cosmopoulos ◽  
L. G. Mendoni
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean

KHOREZM IN THE SYSTEM OF EASTERN AND WESTERN ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE ANCIENT TIMES// International Journal of Student Research, No. 1, 2018/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Elisa Boanini - Lion, France. 26.12.2018: OEAPS Inc., 2018. - pp. 29-32.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhliyo Absamadova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Neolithic Age

In the article there was illustrated the issue of the role of Khorezm in the system of East and West economic relations during ancient period. The history of Khorezm’s economic and cultural ties with the world’s nations, undoubtedly, began before the history of shopping centers. Since, it was already proved by the results of archeological investigations that the roots of such relationships belonged to the Kaltaminar culture of the Neolithic Age. We observe that in the early times, the influence of not the North, but the South, i.e. the ancient East farming centers in Khorezm increased and as a result, there appeared slow transition from mastering economy to productive economy. The traces of the earliest irrigation canals from the Bronze Age Tozaboghyop culture and the founding of southern Turkmen pottery products are a clear indication of this.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Pictures and people. Seals, figurines and Peloponnesian imagery

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 185-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Weiberg
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Seal Impressions ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Coastal Settlement

The point of departure for this paper is the publication of two Early Helladic sealing fragments from the coastal settlement of Asine on the north-east Peloponnese in Greece. After an initial description and discussion they are set in the context of sealing custom established on the Greek mainland around 2500 BCE. In the first part of the paper focus is on the apparent qualitative differences between the available seals and the contemporary seal impressions, as well as between different sealing assemblages on northeastern Peloponnese. This geographical emphasis is carried into the second part of the paper which is a review and contextualisation of the representational art of the Aegean Early Bronze Age in general, and northeastern Peloponnese in particular. Seal motifs and figurines are the main media for Early Helladic representational art preserved until today, yet in many ways very dissimilar. These opposites are explored in order to begin to build a better understanding of Peloponnesian representational art, the choices of motifs, and their roles in the lives of the Early Helladic people.

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