scholarly journals The Science Potential of Far-IR/Sub-mm Interferometry and Concepts for the SPIRIT and SPECS Missions

2001 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
David Leisawitz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Structure ◽  
Optical Surveys ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

The FIR/SMM region is unique in the electromagnetic spectrum in its potential for vast increases in sensitivity and angular resolution, and, as a result, information vital to our understanding of the evolution of structure in the universe. About half of the luminosity in the universe is emitted in the far infrared. Evidence for this can be found both in the spectra of individual galaxies (Trentham et al. 1999) and in the cosmic FIR/SMM background found by COBE (Hauser et al. 1998; Fixsen et al. 1998; Dwek et al. 1998). JCMT/SCUBA observations suggest that “a large population of luminous, strongly obscured sources at redshifts ≲5 is missing from optical surveys” and could account for the background radiation (Blain et al. 1999). Future FIR/SMM measurements of these sources have the potential to reveal the luminosity history of the universe and will provide insight into the processes of galaxy and star formation and galaxy evolution.

Galileo Unbound

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Free Fall ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

Galileo Unbound: A Path Across Life, The Universe and Everything traces the journey that brought us from Galileo’s law of free fall to today’s geneticists measuring evolutionary drift, entangled quantum particles moving among many worlds, and our lives as trajectories traversing a health space with thousands of dimensions. Remarkably, common themes persist that predict the evolution of species as readily as the orbits of planets or the collapse of stars into black holes. This book tells the history of spaces of expanding dimension and increasing abstraction and how they continue today to give new insight into the physics of complex systems. Galileo published the first modern law of motion, the Law of Fall, that was ideal and simple, laying the foundation upon which Newton built the first theory of dynamics. Early in the twentieth century, geometry became the cause of motion rather than the result when Einstein envisioned the fabric of space-time warped by mass and energy, forcing light rays to bend past the Sun. Possibly more radical was Feynman’s dilemma of quantum particles taking all paths at once—setting the stage for the modern fields of quantum field theory and quantum computing. Yet as concepts of motion have evolved, one thing has remained constant, the need to track ever more complex changes and to capture their essence, to find patterns in the chaos as we try to predict and control our world.

Athena: Providing Insight into the History of the Universe . . .

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lyford ◽  
Eric Buckenmeyer ◽  
Josh Eggleston ◽  
Katie Rybacki ◽  
Umair Surani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Feedback and Feeding in the Context of Galaxy Evolution with SPICA: Direct Characterisation of Molecular Outflows and Inflows

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. González-Alfonso ◽  
L. Armus ◽  
F. J. Carrera ◽  
V. Charmandaris ◽  
A. Efstathiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Molecular Outflows ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
Infrared Telescope ◽  
Molecular Lines ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Fine Structure Lines

AbstractA far-infrared observatory such as the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics, with its unprecedented spectroscopic sensitivity, would unveil the role of feedback in galaxy evolution during the last ~10 Gyr of the Universe (z = 1.5–2), through the use of far- and mid-infrared molecular and ionic fine structure lines that trace outflowing and infalling gas. Outflowing gas is identified in the far-infrared through P-Cygni line shapes and absorption blueshifted wings in molecular lines with high dipolar moments, and through emission line wings of fine-structure lines of ionised gas. We quantify the detectability of galaxy-scale massive molecular and ionised outflows as a function of redshift in AGN-dominated, starburst-dominated, and main-sequence galaxies, explore the detectability of metal-rich inflows in the local Universe, and describe the most significant synergies with other current and future observatories that will measure feedback in galaxies via complementary tracers at other wavelengths.

scholarly journals Human Benevolence is Innate to Man as Man Shakespeare’s Art of Characterization with reference to Macbeth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119
Author(s):  
Anser Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lady Macbeth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

Shakespearean tragedies stand out in the history of world’s literature for their influential language, insight into character and dramatic ingenuity. It can be safely established that all of the Shakespearean tragedies are based upon the notion that human benevolence is innate to man as man. The current study focuses upon the notion that the Shakespearean heroes are basically good and noble men whose tragic flaw leads to their obliteration. For instance in Macbeth, Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as “too full o’ milk of human kindness”. The character of Macbeth gives the picture of dissolution within the individual. The character of Macbeth has been analyzed to assert that he seems to suffer from a variance between his head and heart, his duty and his desire, his reckoning and his emotions. A psychological insight to his character reveals that he knows from the first that he is engaged in a ridiculous act: a distressed and paradoxical struggle. With the aid of research methods including Case Study and Close Reading this Qualitative research highlights Macbeth’s lethal proceedings which not only obliterate his peace of mind but also bring turmoil to the macrocosm of the universe, and shows that along with the king he murders his sense of reasoning as well. Hence this study asserts the idea that Shakespearean heroes possess an inherent goodness corroded by the actions of fate or destiny thus resulting in their tragic downfall.

6. Electromagnetic waves

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-99
Author(s):  
Mike Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

‘Electromagnetic waves’ considers the history of the scientific investigation into the electromagnetic spectrum, including Einstein’s insight into the quantized nature of electromagnetic radiation. It explains that the only difference between light, radio waves, and all the other forms of electromagnetic radiation is the length of the fictitious-but-convenient waves or, equivalently, the energy of the photons involved. These different energies lead to different mechanisms for the formation and absorption of the different kinds of radiation, and it is this which gives rise to their different behaviours. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays are all discussed.

scholarly journals The 0.4 $\mathsf{<}$ z $\mathsf{<}$ 1.3 star formation history of the Universe as viewed in the far-infrared

2009 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Magnelli ◽  
D. Elbaz ◽  
R. R. Chary ◽  
M. Dickinson ◽  
D. Le Borgne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Formation History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

scholarly journals INDIRECT SEARCHES FOR DECAYING DARK MATTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (27) ◽  
pp. 1330040 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO IBARRA ◽  
DAVID TRAN ◽  
CHRISTOPH WENIGER
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Decaying Dark Matter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Universe

Numerous observations point towards the existence of an unknown elementary particle with no electromagnetic interactions, a large population of which was presumably produced in the early stages of the history of the Universe. This so-called dark matter has survived until the present day, accounting for the 26% of the present energy budget of the Universe. It remains an open question whether the particles comprising the dark matter are absolutely stable or whether they have a finite but very long lifetime, which is a possibility since there is no known general principle guaranteeing perfect stability. In this paper, we review the observational limits on the lifetime of dark matter particles with mass in the GeV–TeV range using observations of the cosmic fluxes of antimatter, gamma-rays and neutrinos. We also examine some theoretically motivated scenarios that provide decaying dark matter candidates.

scholarly journals Far Infrared Extragalactic Background Radiation: Source Counts with ISOPHOT

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 261-261
Author(s):  
M. Juvela ◽  
K. Mattila ◽  
D. Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Number Density ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Extragalactic Background Light ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
High Confidence Level

We have searched for point-like sources in eight fields mapped at two or three wavelengths between 90 μm and 180 μm with the ISOPHOT instrument aboard the ISO satellite. Most of the 55 sources detected are suspected to be extragalactic and cannot be associated with previously known objects. It is probable, also from the far-infrared (FIR) spectral energy distributions, that dust-enshrouded, distant galaxies form a significant fraction of the sources.We present a tentative list of the detected extragalactic FIR-sources. Based on the analyzed data we estimate the number density of extragalactic sources at wavelengths 90 μm, 150 μm and 180 μm and at flux density levels down to 100 mJy to be 1 x 105 sr−1, 2x105 sr−1, and 3xl05 sr−1, respectively.Models of strong galaxy evolution are in best agreement with our results, although the number of detections exceeds predictions of most models. No-evolution models can be rejected at a high confidence level. Comparison with COBE results indicates that at 90 μm the detected sources correspond to >20% of the extragalactic background light. At longer wavelengths the corresponding fraction is ~ 10%.

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