scholarly journals OLD WORDS AND THE NEW WORLD: LIBERAL EDUCATION AND THE FRANCISCANS IN NEW SPAIN, 1536–1601The Whitfield Prize Winner

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 123-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha Pollnitz
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Education ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Bernardino De Sahagun

ABSTRACTThe Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, established in 1536, liberally educated the sons of Nahua (Aztec) leaders in New Spain. Its Franciscan pedagogues, including Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499–1590), Andrés de Olmos (1491–1571) and Juan Bautista (c. 1555–1606/13), worked with indigenous students and alumni to collect, edit and circulate Nahuatl huehuetlahtolli, or ‘speech of the ancients’. This paper examines the largest collection of these orations printed in pre-modern Mexico, the Huehuetlahtolli [1601] edited by Juan Bautista and indigenous intellectuals from the college. It argues that the Tlatelolcans adapted Nahuatl ‘old words’ for the New World of colonial society. They ornamented the speeches with rhetorical techniques derived from Santa Cruz's Erasmian curriculum. They interpolated biblical sentences, particularly from Proverbs and Sirach, to enhance the evangelising potential of the discourses. Finally, they drew on Erasmus's theory of speech, as expressed in his pedagogical and spiritual writings, to explicate Nahuatl los difrasismos concerning eloquence and good counsel. Contextualising the Huehuetlahtolli [1601] in Santa Cruz's Erasmian schoolroom reveals the contours of its argument for vernacular evangelisation, the liberal education of indigenous youth and for the elegance of the Nahuatl tongue.

scholarly journals Nupcialidad y dispensas matrimoniales en El Sagrario de la catedral de la ciudad de Puebla, Nueva España, durante el reinado de Felipe IV.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Grajales Porras ◽  
Lilián Illades Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Differential Behavior ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Los Grupos

Con la conquista y evangelización del Nuevo Mundo se introdujo el modelo de vida cristiana y consigo las normas morales específicas en cuanto a la conducta sexual y la formación de las familias. El período de análisis toca al reinado de Felipe IV, distinguiendo dos etapas: 1621-1639 y 1661-1669. Con base en 3.391 actas de casamiento, el estudio apunta a situar algunos patrones socioculturales de la nupcialidad y el nivel de apego a las normas tridentinas y su expresión en la Nueva España. Específicamente, se intenta descubrir la importancia relativa de los matrimonios con impedimentos dirimentes que obtuvieron licencia y los recursos de los parroquianos para eludir las amonestaciones prenupciales. Otros tópicos de interés son el canon del matrimonio, su registro, la frecuencia y evolución de las nupcias, su estacionalidad y el comportamiento diferencial de los grupos étnicos mayores de la sociedad colonial: amerindios, españoles con mestizos y afrodescendientes. With the conquest and evangelization of the New World, the model of Christian life was introduced and with it the specific moral norms regarding sexual behavior and the formation of families. The period of analysis refers to the reign of Philip IV, distinguishing two stages: 1621-1639 and 1661-1669. Based on 3.391 marriage acts, the study aims to situate some socio-cultural patterns of nuptiality and the level of attachment to Tridentine norms and their expression in New Spain. Specifically, an attempt is made to discover the relative importance of marriages with diriment impediments that were licensed and the resources of parishioners to avoid prenuptial admonitions. Other topics of interest are the canon of marriage, its registration, the frequency and evolution of marriages, their seasonality and the differential behavior of the major ethnic groups of colonial society: Amerindians, Spaniards with mestizos and Afro-descendants.

The Herbal of the Florentine Codex: Description and Contextualization of Paragraph V in Book XI

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-488
Author(s):  
Victoria Ríos Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Bernardino De Sahagun ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Florentine Codex

In contemporary studies, three texts dating from the second half of the sixteenth century continue to be treated as essential primary literature concerning pre-Hispanic and early colonial medicine. These are the herbal Libellus de medicinalibus indorum herbis (1552), composed by the Nahuas Martín de la Cruz and Juan Badiano in the Imperial College of Santa Cruz of Tlatelolco; the Historia natural de Nueva España, written by Philip II's protomédico (royal physician) Francisco Hernández, a “scientific envoy” in New Spain in the 1570s; and the Florentine Codex, the only extant manuscript of the 12-book encyclopedia on the world of the Nahuas, Historia universal de las cosas de Nueva España (ca. 1577), which was directed by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún.

Bernardino de Sahagún's Psalmodia Christiana:

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-684
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Candelaria
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Bernardino De Sahagun ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Franciscan Order

In Mexico City, 1583, Pedro Ocharte published the first book of vernacular sacred song in the Americas—the Psalmodia Christiana (Christian Psalmody) by Bernardino de Sahagún, a Spanish missionary of the Franciscan Order. Sahagún composed his book of 333 songs in the Nahuatl language during the second half of the sixteenth century to promote the formation of Catholic Mexica (better known as “Aztec”) communities in the central valley of Mexico. Well-received in its day as a primer on tenets of the Catholic faith, the life of Christ, and the virtues of the saints, it was denounced before the Inquisition in the eighteenth century and has otherwise existed in the shadow of Sahagún's monumental Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, a pioneering anthropological study of the Mexica that did not become widely available until the nineteenth century. This article repositions the undervalued Psalmodia Christiana as a polished outcome of the anthropological research for which Sahagún is most remembered, setting in relief the understudied legacy of Western plainchant in the Christian evangelization of the New World and, more broadly, the extent to which the Mexica's native traditions were folded into the apostolic work of Catholic missionaries in post-Tridentine New Spain.

To Sin No More

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rex Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Spanish Atlantic ◽  
Franciscan Order

For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in Spain and the Americas. After founding the first college of propaganda fide in the Mexican city of Querétaro, the Franciscan Order established six additional colleges in New Spain, ten in South America, and twelve in Spain. From these colleges Franciscans proselytized Native Americans in frontier territories as well as Catholics in rural and urban areas in eighteenth-century Spain and Spanish America. This is the first book to study these colleges, their missionaries, and their multifaceted, sweeping missionary programs. By focusing on the recruitment of non-Catholics to Catholicism as well as the deepening of religious fervor among Catholics, the book shows how the Franciscan colleges expanded and shaped popular Catholicism in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. This book explores the motivations driving Franciscan friars, their lives inside the colleges, their training, and their ministry among Catholics, an often-overlooked duty that paralleled missionary deployments. It argues that Franciscan missionaries aimed to reform or “reawaken” Catholic parishioners just as much as they sought to convert non-Christian Native Americans.

scholarly journals Um franciscano no Novo Mundo: frei Bernardino de Sahagún e sua Historia General de las cosas de Nueva España

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Helena Alvim
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Bernardino De Sahagun ◽  
Ancient Religion

Bernardino de Sahagún chegou à Nova Espanha em 1529 e permaneceu na América até sua morte, em 1590. O principal objetivo do frade era a conversão dos antigos mexicanos, e para o sucesso desta escreveu um manual no qual pretendia descrever o universo cultural pré-hispânico da Mesoamérica, para que os demais missionários pudessem averiguar a permanência da antiga religião, podendo predicar contra ela, quando necessário. Abstract Bernardino de Sahagún came to New Spain in 1529 and remained in America until his death, in 1590. Bernardino de Sahagun’s goal in New Spain was the conversion of the natives to the Christian religion. He wrote a book describing the indigenous cultural universe in order to help other missionaries to recognize the permanence of ancient religion, trying to eliminate it. Palavras-chave: Frei Bernardino de Sahagún. Historia General de las cosas de Nueva España. Missionários espanhóis. Key words: Friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Historia General de las cosas de Nueva España. Spanish missionaries.

Weakening the sex

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Yarí Pérez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Female Body ◽  
New World ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Medical Traditions ◽  
European Women ◽  
Medical Books

Chapter 3 addresses the link between colonial ideas on femininity and period understandings of gendered physiology. Similar to their European counterparts in that they deemed women to have a weaker constitution compared to men, medical authors in New Spain, however, began linking arguments on the female body to American environments specifically. Descriptions of physiological processes favoured stricter controls of women’s diets and behaviour under the guise of ensuring their good health. The rising numbers of European women in Mexico are reflected in the fact that the two locally printed medical books that went into second editions in the sixteenth century—Alonso López de Hinojosos’s Svmma (1578, 1592) and Agustín Farfán’s Tractado breve (1579, 1592)—both revised and abridged their first versions in order to make way for sections focused on the treatment of women and children. My analysis traces notions on gender, particularly in the case of ‘exceptional’ gestational processes resulting in 'manly women' and 'effeminate men', showing how authors in the New World brought together under a colonial prism older medical traditions that had taken divergent paths in Europe.

The New World in Salvation History

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-47
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Theological Method ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
The Church ◽  
Published Account

Readers of Miguel Sánchez’s Imagen de la Virgen María, which contained the first published account of Our Lady of Guadalupe’s acclaimed apparitions to the indigenous neophyte Juan Diego, rarely recognize that he was trained in the theology of the church fathers, particularly in the writings of Saint Augustine. Interpretations of Sánchez have ranged from positivist condemnations for his lack of historical documentation to laudatory praise for his defense of pious tradition to emphases on his criollo patriotism as expressed through his adulation of Guadalupe and the baroque culture of New Spain. This chapter assesses Sánchez’s work as well as the origins and formative phase of Guadalupan devotion over the century preceding his publication. It illuminates the influence of patristic thought and theological method on Sánchez, as well as the frequently ignored but foundational role of his theology and that of the church fathers on the Guadalupe tradition.

Primer for a New World

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Estefanía Yunes Vincke
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe Cartilla para enseñar a leer (1569), attributed to Flemish Franciscan Pedro de Gante, was one of the most important primers from the early years of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Nevertheless, the primer's importance during the process of cultural contact has been largely ignored. As did other primers of the period, the Cartilla contained the most important prayers, but what sets the Cartilla aside is that its selection of prayers is presented in a trilingual version, in Castilian, Latin, and Nahuatl. The content of the Cartilla invites the question as to why Gante, a missionary focused on writing doctrinal works in Nahuatl, would compose a primer that is trilingual, but raises another that is perhaps more perplexing: Why were most of the prayers in Castilian? In this article, I intend to shed a light on Gante's decision to create a complex tool that could be employed by a mixed audience of Castilian, creole, mestizo and Nahua children. By doing this, Gante unwittingly started a process of cultural contact in which language played a pivotal role. The Cartilla thus presents itself as a multifaceted tool that helped shaped the culture of the Basin of Mexico during the early years of the viceroyalty.

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