VIII.—Measurements and Weights of Antarctic Seals taken by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.

1913 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
The Antarctic

During the voyage of the Scotia in the Weddell Sea, and during her wintering at Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, I measured as many of the seals taken as possible. I was usually assisted in this work by Mr WILTON. When a seal was killed near the ship, and it could be arranged, I also weighed them both in whole and in part, weighing the different viscera as at a human post-mortem examination. The results of these investigations are now summarised in tabular form, which makes it easy at a glance to make comparisons. In addition to the measurements and weights of the true seals of the Antarctic regions, those of a fine specimen of Otaria jubata (the Patagonian Sea-lion) secured at the Falkland Islands are also given.

Conservation in the Antarctic

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (963) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Formidable legal and administrative complexities arise from conflicting claims to jurisdiction and the continued absence of generally recognized sovereignty over much of the region. Existing conservation measures fall into three groups: elaborate laws made by governments claiming Antarctic territories, more restricted laws, and simple instructions for particular expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty, 1959, made it possible to begin coordinating all these separate instruments. No claimed jurisdiction has been surrendered or recognized: each government has started to harmonize its own control measures with the ‘Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora’, 1964. This scheme applied only to land areas and has since been evolving in the light of experience. Although not yet formally approved by all the governments concerned, it is working effectively by voluntary agreement. Different approaches are necessary for conservation of Southern Ocean resources, especially krill. A start has been made with the ‘ Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals’, 1972. There are many outstanding problems: all require effective cooperation between scientific and legal advisers, diplomats and politicians. Mention is made of recent British conservation legislation for South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and the Tristan da Cunha group. Some of the next steps are outlined.

XXX.—Actiniaria and Zoantharia of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–1904

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Carlgren
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Full Information ◽  
The West ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
A New Species

The collection of Actiniaria and Zoantharia made by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition contains nineteen species, one of which, Porponia antarctica Carlgren, I described as a new species in 1914. In all there were six species from the Antarctic, three from the Falkland Islands, six from the west coast of Cape Province, three from the Cape Verde Islands, and one, not specifically determined, from Gough Island. The new species here described are Epiactis vincentina, Epiactis brucei, Sicyonis antarctica, and Palythoa vincentina. I have not thought it necessary to compile a complete list of the literature and synonyms of the species, since in the papers cited full information is given.

Against all odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955–1958

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Stephen Hicks ◽  
Bryan Storey ◽  
Philippa Mein Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
Polar Research Institute ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
British Foreign Office ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTWhen the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955–1958 advance party sailed from the Millwall Docks in November 1955, bound for the Weddell Sea, their departure was the product of five years of intensive effort on the part of Vivian Fuchs to achieve the first overland crossing of the Antarctic continent. This paper investigates the many obstacles that had to be overcome leading up to Theron sailing and explains the manner in which they were overcome by the Fuchs-Wordie-Clifford triumvirate. The British Foreign Office was particularly opposed to the expedition with the office's focus on sovereignty rather than science while an alternative proposal from Duncan Carse raised a unique set of difficulties. The withdrawal from involvement by the Scott Polar Research Institute Director, Colin Bertram, indicated further disaffection. Most important, if political and financial goals were to be met, was the need for participation by several Commonwealth countries of which New Zealand was the essential partner. Fortunately, the vigorous efforts of a few Antarctic enthusiasts in New Zealand were successful in moving their government to assert its long dormant position in the Ross Dependency. New Zealand's commitment turned the tide of commonwealth apathy towards the TAE. Although the TAE preceded the IGY, events, including the dominating IGY presence of the United States, caused the two projects to become tightly interwoven. For these reasons the years leading up to the departure of Theron were as intriguing as the crossing journey itself.

scholarly journals VIII.—Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: Osteology of Antarctic Seals

1909 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Late Professor ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
The Antarctic

Through the courtesy of Dr W. S. Bruce, the leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, and of the late Professor D. J. Cunningham, the skeletons of the seals collected in the Antarctic during the voyage of the Scotia have been placed in my hands for study, and I wish to express my gratitude to these gentlemen for their great kindness in placing all the necessary requirements at my disposal. I also wish to state that Dr Bruce has given to the Museum of the University of Edinburgh a choice of the various skeletons, which, together with the specimens already obtained, will form a comprehensive and almost unique collection of the Antarctic seals.

scholarly journals III.—Polychæta of the family Nereidæ, collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–1904).

1914 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. G. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
South Orkney Islands ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
The Antarctic

The collection of Nereidæ brought home by the Scotia proves to be of considerable interest. As other expeditions have indicated, the family is but poorly represented in the antarctic or sub-antarctic regions; and although a large number of specimens were collected at the South Orkney Islands, these have all proved to belong to one species, N. kerguelensis M'Int. No nereids were obtained at any of the deep-water stations farther south—the family being decidedly littoral in its range.The chief interest, however, lies in the material collected so assiduously throughout the vessel's wanderings. Six other species were obtained, including one from the Falkland Islands, hitherto undescribed.

The Royal Society Antarctic expedition

1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Research Station ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tractor Driver ◽  
The Antarctic

In 1953 the International Council of Scientific Unions (I.C.S.U.) appointed a committee (C.S.A.G.I.) under the presidency of Professor S. Chapman, F. R.S., to organize a programme of international scientific co-operation for making simultaneous physical measurements over the whole Earth during the eighteen months July 1957 to December 1958. The scheme is known as the ‘International Geophysical Year’ (I.G.Y.) and as the United Kingdom representative in international scientific affairs, the Royal Society has appointed a National Committee to organize the British contribution to the programme. The I.G.Y. is the direct descendent of two earlier similar schemes known as the First and Second International Polar Years, organized in 1882 and 1932. The I.G.Y. is concerned with measurements over the whole globe, but because of inaccessibility the making of measurements on the Antarctic continent has to be planned well in advance. The Royal Society is contributing to the Antarctic studies by sending an expedition to set up a research station on the coast of the Weddell Sea. The site for the station, being in the British Sector of Antarctica, comes within the jurisdiction of H.E. The Governor of the Falkland Islands and much help has been given by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, and the Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations have acted as the Royal Society agents in the ordering of stores and equipment. The advance party is led by Surgeon Lieutenant-Commander David Dalgliesh, R.N., and the three scientists are Major G. E. Watson, R.E.M.E., an electronic engineer lent by the War Office, Dr Stanley Evans, a radioastronomer from the Jodrell Bank Experimental Station, Manchester University, and D. W. S. Limbert of the Meteorological Office, Harrow. Other members include K. E. C. Powell as the diesel mechanic and Captain R. Dalgliesh, brother of the expedition commander, as tractor driver, together with J. E. Raymond and his brother-in-law D. Prior as carpenters. The wireless operator is Charles Le Feuvre and Commissioned Boatswain G. R. Lush, R.N. acts as a general handyman.

Antarctic Ecosystems The freshwater lakes of Signy Island and their fauna

1967 ◽  
Vol 252 (777) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Season ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
South Orkney Islands ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation ◽  
British Sector

Prior to 1962 work on freshwater within the British Sector of the Antarctic had been confined to the collection of specimens and their subsequent taxonomic evaluation. Collections were made by such expeditions as the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902- 04, the various Discover y Investigations in this region 1925-37, the British Graham Land Expedition 1934-37 and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey 1945-62. During the 1961/1962 summer season an ecological investigation of the freshwater lakes of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, was started. This paper is an interim report on that work.

scholarly journals IV.—On the Skulls of Antarctic Seals: Scottish National Antarctic Expedition

1913 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Antarctic

Although the osteology of Antarctic seals has been very completely discussed, notably by the late Dr J. E. Gray, Sir William Turner, and Professor Robert Thomson, yet the literature regarding the subject is somewhat scattered. I have therefore considered that it might be important from the point of view, as it were, of an index to publish a complete series of photographs of a set of the skulls of seals taken by the naturalists of the Scotia during the Antarctic voyage of 1902–1904.

scholarly journals Copepods, hydromedusae and siphonophores: Diversity and distribution in the Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (SuplEsp) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Edgar Dorado ◽  
Cristina Cedeño
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Bellingshausen Sea ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Project Biodiversity and oceanographic conditions of the strait of Gerlache “Biogerlache-Antarctica”, aims to carry out the characterization of the Antarctic fauna of the strait, generating new contributions to the biological inventories of Antarctica. Present work focuses on the biodiversity of the zooplanktonic community, specifically on copepods, hydromedusae and siphonophorae collected during the III Antarctic Expedition of Colombia “Admiral Padilla” (2016-2017). Sampling was carried out in seven oceanographic stations located along the Gerlache strait, with vertical trawls between the maximum depth of the station and the surface. 4100 organisms belonging to 38 species of the phylum Arthropoda (Orders Calanoid and Cyclopoid) and 10 species of the phylum Cnidaria (Subclasses Hydroidolina and Trachylina) were identified. Copepods families with the greatest richness of genera are Aetideidae and Metridinidae, with Metridia gerlachei, Chiridius polaris and Gaetanus tenuispinosus being frequent species in more than 50 % of the stations. Identified species are common to the Antarctic Peninsula (Bellingshausen Sea, Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea), also the range of four copepods are extended for the epipelagic and mesopelagic waters of the Gerlache Strait. Other frequent species are the hydromedusae Arctapodema sp. and Solmundella bitentaculata and the siphonophores Dimophyes arctica and Diphyes antarctica, the latter being collected in both polygastric and eudoxic forms (the dominant form in all stations).

Dogs of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-496
Author(s):  
Bill Alp
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
And Training

AbstractThis article tells the story of the dog teams of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13. Its purpose is to establish an accurate record of sledge dog involvement in the expedition. It is not concerned with hypotheses about how a better outcome for the expedition might have been achieved, aiming simply to assemble and analyse verifiable evidence in chronological order. A substantial amount of research has been undertaken. Straightforward details about procurement of the dogs and their main Antarctic journeys have been summarised in tabular form as an accessible reference source for future work. A literature review has been undertaken, finding that none of the reviewed works accurately traces the evolving plans and instructions for the expedition’s dog teams. The story starts with Scott’s September 1909 public fundraising prospectus and goes on to the procurement and training of Huskies from Siberia. It traces the challenges, achievements, attitudes and management decisions that shaped the dogs’ main journeys. It finishes with Terra Nova leaving the Antarctic, with the last 13 dogs in January 1913. The dog teams and their handlers performed well in the Antarctic and successfully completed three of their four main journeys. They made a substantial contribution to the expedition.

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