Reconciling autistic individuals’ self-reported social motivation with diminished social reward responsiveness in neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Yankowitz ◽  
Caitlin C. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Social Motivation ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
The Social

Abstract The self-report of some autistic individuals that they experience social motivation should not be interpreted as a refutation of neuroimaging evidence supporting the social motivation hypothesis of autism. Neuroimaging evidence supports subtle differences in unconscious reward processing, which emerge at the group level and which may not be perceptible to individuals, but which may nonetheless impact an individual's behavior.

Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Gliga ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Socially Motivated

Abstract Autistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.

scholarly journals The Impact of Self-Management Techniques to Improve University Students’ Social Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Mita Sri Handayani ◽  
Muhammad Nur Wangid ◽  
Andre Julius
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
University Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognition Scale

The background of the current study is the urgency of possessing good social cognition to adapt to the social changes that are happening quickly. Weak social cognition makes individuals less in empathy, aggressive or unhappy in their daily life. The link between self-management and social cognition lies in cognitive adjustment. Hence, the authors think it is important to do research that focuses on the implementation of counseling with self-management techniques in developing social cognition. The authors aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-management in improving social cognition. The present study used one group pretest-posttest quasi-experiment. We invited 10 students from Universitas Ma'soem, Indonesia to participate in the experiment. They were selected based on a low social cognition score after filling the self-report of nineteen items social cognition scale. The results showed counseling with self-management techniques effective in improving university students' social cognition. Besides, limitations and recommendations are discussed.

Self-processing in relation to emotion and reward processing in depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Catherine Hobbs ◽  
Jie Sui ◽  
David Kessler ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Katherine S. Button
Keyword(s):  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Precise Relationship

Abstract Background Depression is characterised by a heightened self-focus, which is believed to be associated with differences in emotion and reward processing. However, the precise relationship between these cognitive domains is not well understood. We examined the role of self-reference in emotion and reward processing, separately and in combination, in relation to depression. Methods Adults experiencing varying levels of depression (n = 144) completed self-report depression measures (PHQ-9, BDI-II). We measured self, emotion and reward processing, separately and in combination, using three cognitive tasks. Results When self-processing was measured independently of emotion and reward, in a simple associative learning task, there was little association with depression. However, when self and emotion processing occurred in combination in a self-esteem go/no-go task, depression was associated with an increased positive other bias [b = 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–5.79]. When the self was processed in relation to emotion and reward, in a social evaluation learning task, depression was associated with reduced positive self-biases (b = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05–0.17). Conclusions Depression was associated with enhanced positive implicit associations with others, and reduced positive learning about the self, culminating in reduced self-favouring biases. However, when self, emotion and reward processing occurred independently there was little evidence of an association with depression. Treatments targeting reduced positive self-biases may provide more sensitive targets for therapeutic intervention and potential biomarkers of treatment responses, allowing the development of more effective interventions.

The patients’ view

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Dollfus ◽  
Anais Vandevelde
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The Self ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Anhedonia

The use and the choice of standardized assessment tools are necessary for improving identification of negative symptoms and for testing new efficient therapies. Most of the scales on negative symptoms are based on observer rating. Compared to these scales, self-assessments have been overlooked. Nevertheless, they are quite relevant since they are generally simple; they allow the patients to report their own symptoms and so are complementary to the evaluations based on observer ratings; they require the patient’s participation and so improve their involvement in the treatment; they are time-efficient and can be very useful for identification of negative symptoms at the onset of illness. Among the self-assessments, we can distinguish those designed and validated in patients with schizophrenia and others that can be used in schizophrenia while they have been validated in other populations. Among the first group, two recent scales have supplanted old scales, the Motivation and Pleasure Scale–Self-Report (MAP–SR) and the Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS). The last one presents all the psychometric properties required. Among the second group, the most used scales are focused on anhedonia and apathy which assess these dimensions in schizophrenia but also in various psychiatric and neurological disorders; the most well-known are the Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS), the Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS), and more recently are, on the one hand, the Self-reported Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S) and on the other, the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) which distinguish anticipation and consummatory pleasures.

STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF AGGRESSION

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Graña Gómez ◽  
Jose Manuel Andreu ◽  
Heather Lynn Rogers ◽  
Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla
Keyword(s):  
Social Representation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Attribution Styles ◽  
Effect Of Age

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the structural dimensions of social representation of aggression through the Expressive Representations of Aggression Scale – EXPAGG (Campbell, Muncer, & Coyle, 1992). This scale is used in many studies of aggressive behavior among youth and in adolescent populations. Moreover, the EXPAGG is one of the self-report techniques most commonly used in the field of aggression research to measure expressive and instrumental attributions. This study uses various statistical procedures to analyze the data from a representative sample of adolescents in the community of Madrid to conclude that the EXPAGG is a reliable and valid test to measure different attribution styles of aggression in youth and adolescents. In addition, a tridimensional structure of social representation of aggression and a significant effect of age and gender were found.

scholarly journals Tuning in to others: Exploring relational and collective bonding in singing and non-singing groups over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Jacques Launay ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cohesion Theory ◽  
Over Time

Although it has been shown that singing together encourages faster social bonding to a group compared with other activities, it is unknown whether this group-level “collective” bonding is associated with differences in the ties formed between individual singers and individuals engaging in other activities (“relational” bonding). Here we present self-report questionnaire data collected at three time points over the course of seven months from weekly singing and non-singing (creative writing and crafts) adult education classes. We compare the proportion of classmates with whom participants were connected and the social network structure between the singing and non-singing classes. Both singers and creative writers show a steeper increase over time in relational bonding measured by social network density and the proportion of their classmates that they could name, felt connected with, and talked to during class compared to crafters, but only the singers show rapid collective bonding to the class-group as a whole. Together, these findings indicate that the process of creating a unitary social group does not necessarily rely on the creation of personal relationships between its individual members. We discuss these findings in the light of social cohesion theory and social identity theory.

scholarly journals Faces do not attract more attention than non-social distractors in the Stroop task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Henschel ◽  
Hannah Bargel ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Perception Of Robots ◽  
Human Faces

As robots begin to receive citizenship, be treated as beloved pets, and are given a place at Japanese family tables, it is becoming clear that these machines are taking on increasingly social roles. While human robot interaction research relies heavily on self-report measures for assessing people’s perception of robots, a distinct lack of robust cognitive and behavioural measures to gage the scope and limits of social motivation towards artificial agents exists. Here we adapted Conty and colleagues’ (2010) social version of the classic Stroop paradigm, in which we showed four kinds of distractor images above incongruent and neutral words: human faces, robot faces, object faces (for example, a cloud with facial features) and flowers (control). We predicted that social stimuli, like human faces, would be extremely salient and draw attention away from the to-be-processed words. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that the task worked (the Stroop effect was observed), and a distractor-dependent enhancement of Stroop interference emerged. Planned contrasts indicated that specifically human faces presented above incongruent words significantly slowed participants’ reaction times. To investigate this small effect further, we conducted a second study (N=51) with a larger stimulus set. While the main effect of the incongruent condition slowing down the reaction time of the participants replicated, we did not observe an interaction effect of the social distractors (human faces) drawing more attention than the other distractor types. We question the suitability of this task as a robust measure for social motivation and discuss our findings in the light of recent conflicting results in the social attentional capture literature.

scholarly journals Faces Do Not Attract More Attention Than Non-Social Distractors in the Stroop Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Henschel ◽  
Hannah Bargel ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Perception Of Robots ◽  
Human Faces

As robots begin to receive citizenship, are treated as beloved pets, and given a place at Japanese family tables, it is becoming clear that these machines are taking on increasingly social roles. While human-robot interaction research relies heavily on self-report measures for assessing people’s perception of robots, a distinct lack of robust cognitive and behavioural measures to gauge the scope and limits of social motivation towards artificial agents exists. Here we adapted Conty and colleagues’ (2010) social version of the classic Stroop paradigm, in which we showed four kinds of distractor images above incongruent and neutral words: human faces, robot faces, object faces (for example, a cloud with facial features) and flowers (control). We predicted that social stimuli, like human faces, would be extremely salient and draw attention away from the to-be-processed words. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that the task worked (the Stroop effect was observed), and a distractor-dependent enhancement of Stroop interference emerged. Planned contrasts indicated that specifically human faces presented above incongruent words significantly slowed participants’ reaction times. To investigate this small effect further, we conducted a second experiment (N=51) with a larger stimulus set. While the main effect of the incongruent condition slowing down participants’ reaction time replicated, we did not observe an interaction effect of the social distractors (human faces) drawing more attention than the other distractor types. We question the suitability of this task as a robust measure for social motivation and discuss our findings in the light of recent conflicting results in the social attentional capture literature.

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