Labour and Citizenship: The Development of Welfare State Regimes

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Boreham ◽  
Richard Hall ◽  
Martin Leet
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Social Wage ◽  
Pooled Time Series ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the political determinants of the significantly different rates of welfare expenditure which characterise advanced capitalist countries. The research concentrates on the connections between the organization and mobilization of a key political actor pursing social wage benefits – the labour movement – and different levels across nations of welfare provision, including expenditure on health, social security consumption expenditure and social security transfers. The paper uses disaggregated, pooled time series data on welfare provision in 15 OECD countries, 1974–1988, to test the association between more comprehensive welfare state regimes and state structures that facilitate the intervention of organized labour movements in the policy process.

Protest Events, Welfare Generosity, and Welfare State Regimes

Contention ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
David Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Welfare Generosity ◽  
Welfare State Regimes ◽  
Cross National

This article examines data from the Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset on protest events, levels of welfare generosity (the extent to which welfare protection is provided by non-market actors), and welfare state regimes in 18 advanced industrialized countries across the period 1971–2002. Using a direct measure of protest events in terms of frequency of riots, demonstrations, general strikes, political assassinations, and attempted revolutions, the article finds that there is a significant relationship between welfare generosity, welfare state regimes, and protest events. The findings demonstrate that more extensive welfare arrangements—conceptualized through the use of empirical data—not only ameliorate social disadvantages and thus legitimate market economies and capital accumulation, but also bring about stability and social order.

Is there a link between cardiovascular mortality and economic fluctuations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Dadgar ◽  
Thor Norström
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Economic Fluctuations ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Welfare State Regimes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Unemployment might affect several risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death globally. The characterisation of the relation between these two phenomena is thus of great significance from a public-health perspective. The main aim of this study was to estimate the association between the unemployment rate and mortality from CVD and from coronary heart disease (CHD). Additional aims were (a) to assess whether the associations are modified by the degree of unemployment protection; (b) to determine the impact of GDP on heart-disease mortality; and (c) to assess the impact of the Great Recession in this context. Methods: We used time-series data for 32 countries spanning the period 1960–2015. We applied two alternative modelling strategies: (a) error correction modelling, provided that the data were co-integrated; and (b) first-difference modelling in the absence of co-integration. Separate models were estimated for each of five welfare state regimes with different levels of unemployment protection. We also performed country-specific ARIMA-analyses. Results: Because the data did not prove to be co-integrated, we applied first-difference modelling. The estimated effect of unemployment and GDP on CVD as well as CHD was statistically insignificant across age and sex groups and across the various welfare state regimes. An interaction term capturing the possible excess effect of unemployment during the Great Recession was also statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Our findings, based on data from predominantly affluent countries, suggest that heart-disease mortality does not respond to economic fluctuations.

The Welfare State, Turnout, and the Economy: A Comparative Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Radcliff
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
Welfare State Development ◽  
The Welfare State

While the economic voting literature is voluminous, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of how—or whether—the economy affects turnout. I address this issue by examining national elections in 29 countries. Using time series data, the initial findings are replicated by a case study of American presidential and midterm elections since 1896. It is argued that the effect of economic adversity depends upon the degree of welfare state development. This relationship is argued to be nonlinear, so that mobilization occurs at either extreme while withdrawal obtains in the middle range. The importance to democratic theory, the study of elections, and the politics of welfare policy are discussed.

Why so Austere? The British Welfare State of the 1940s

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIM TOMLINSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Financial Contribution ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
New Jerusalem ◽  
Post War ◽  
New System

The reforms of the welfare system under the 1945 Labour government are usually regarded as fundamental in creating the post-war welfare state. Yet, measured by their financial implications, and viewed in comparison with either pre-war Britain or other Western European countries in the same period, these reforms appear strikingly limited. Far from bringing a ‘New Jerusalem’, the 1940s reforms seem to have brought into being an austere, minimalist structure of welfare provision. The reasons for this are examined, especially the forces shaping the new social security system. It is argued that the combination of the Labour government's economic priorities, its acceptance of the Beveridge legacy and the Treasury pressure to limit the Exchequer's financial contribution to the new system, led to this austerity.

scholarly journals The Impact on Unemployment of Social Security Contributions: the Empiricial Analysis in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Filiz Giray ◽  
Mehmet Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Social Security Contributions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

Social security contributions are important public incomes after taxes in OECD countries. Beside, social security contributions as a mean of the finance of social security system is a determiner on the main macroeconomic factors such as savings, employment, the cost of employment, the level of shadow economy, economic growth, competitiveness and income inequality. Employment has been important policy goals in Turkey like many OECD countries during recent decades. High unemployment rate is a serious problem for countries. Effecting negatively labor market, high burden of social security contributions causes low level of employment. The aim of this study is to find the relationship between social security contributions and unemployment for Turkey. Therefore, we can evaluate whether reducing social security contributions is a way reducing of unemployment or not. We use time series data during period 1965-2015. The research methodology is based on an analysis of indicators as unemployment rate, social security contributions as percentage of GDPs, the percentage of total tax revenues. Unit root test is non-stationary for social security contributions. On the other hand, unemployment is stationary for related period. The long run relationship between variables was tested by ARDL bound test approach. Based on the sample results, there is a long run cointegration between social security contributions and unemployment rate (both as percentage of GDP and percentage of taxation).

Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972–2001

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Altman ◽  
Rossana Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Mortalité Infantile ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Pooled Time Series ◽  
Better Than

Abstract.This paper analyzes the connection between democracy and human development. In so doing, it examines two main questions: Are democracies better than non-democracies in achieving human development? Among democracies, is there a direct relationship between the actualization of civil and political rights and human development? In answering these questions, we offer a cross-national study of 18 Latin American countries from 1972 to 2001. We use fixed effect models for analyzing our cross-country, pooled time-series data. The evidence suggests not only that democracies are better than nondemocracies in fostering human development (controlling for wealth), but also that differences in degree of democracy have a significant impact on human development in terms of infant mortality and life expectancy.Résumé.Cet article analyse la relation entre la démocratie et le développement humain et aborde sous cet angle deux questions principales. Les régimes démocratiques assurent-ils mieux que les régimes non démocratiques le développement humain? Au sein des pays ayant un régime démocratique, y a-t-il une relation directe entre l'actualisation des droits civils et politiques et le développement humain? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous observons les données de 18 pays latino-américains sur une période allant de 1972 à 2001. En ce qui concerne la méthodologie, nous avons utilisé un modèle à effets fixes pour analyser nos données chronologiques consolidées regroupant plusieurs pays. Les résultats de notre analyse nous amènent à conclure que non seulement les régimes démocratiques réussissent mieux que les régimes non démocratiques à favoriser le développement humain (en mesurant le niveau de richesse), mais aussi que les différences dans les niveaux de démocratie ont également un effet notable sur le développement humain en termes de mortalité infantile et d'espérance de vie.

The four global worlds of welfare capitalism: Institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual welfare state regimes

2022 ◽  
pp. 095892872110505
Author(s):  
Erdem Yörük ◽  
İbrahim Öker ◽  
Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
State Regime ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

What welfare state regimes are observed when the analysis is extended globally, empirically and theoretically? We introduce a novel perspective into the ‘welfare state regimes analyzes’ – a perspective that brings developed and developing countries together and, as such, broadens the geographical, empirical and theoretical scope of the ‘welfare modelling business’. The expanding welfare regimes literature has suffered from several drawbacks: (i) it is radically slanted towards organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries, (ii) the literature on non-OECD countries does not use genuine welfare policy variables and (iii) social assistance and healthcare programmes are not utilized as components of welfare state effort and generosity. To overcome these limitations, we employ advanced data reduction methods, exploit an original dataset that we assembled from several international and domestic sources covering 52 emerging markets and OECD countries and present a welfare state regime structure as of the mid-2010s. Our analysis is based on genuine welfare policy variables that are theorized to capture welfare generosity and welfare efforts across five major policy domains: old-age pensions, sickness cash benefits, unemployment insurance, social assistance and healthcare. The sample of OECD countries and emerging market economies form four distinct welfare state regime clusters: institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual. We unveil the composition and performance of welfare state components in each welfare state regime family and develop politics-based working hypotheses about the formation of these regimes. Institutional welfare state regimes perform high in social security, healthcare and social assistance, while populist regimes perform moderately in social assistance and healthcare and moderate-to-high in social security. The neoliberal regime performs moderately in social assistance and healthcare, and it performs low in social security, and the residual regime performs low in all components. We then hypothesize that the relative political strengths of formal and informal working classes are key factors that shaped these welfare state regime typologies.

Maternal Union Transitions and Household Food Insecurity

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne C. Hernandez ◽  
Emily Pressler
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Union Transitions ◽  
Pooled Time Series

The study investigates how transitions in maternal unions are related to household food insecurity among a low-income sample using pooled time series data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey–Birth Cohort. Pooled time series fixed effects models indicate that transitioning into unions for White and Hispanic households is associated with reductions in household food insecurity compared with White and Hispanic households who experienced no transitions. Furthermore, transitioning into unions for Hispanic households is associated with reductions in household food insecurity status compared with Hispanic households that experienced dissolving unions. Last, results indicate that maternal union transitions are not related to household food insecurity status of Black and Other race and ethnic households. The authors discuss how the findings may be related to socioeconomic factors of race and ethnic households.

scholarly journals Competing With the Dragon: Employment Effects of Chinese Trade Competition in 17 Sectors Across 18 OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Thewissen ◽  
Olaf van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Industrialized Democracies ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Pooled Time Series ◽  
Trade Competition

China’s rapid rise on the global economic stage has substantial and unequal employment effects in advanced industrialized democracies given China’s large volume of low-wage labor. Thus far, these effects have not been analyzed in the comparative political economy literature. Building on pooled time-series data, we analyze the effects of Chinese trade competition across 17 sectors in 18 countries. We devote attention to a new channel, increased competition from China in foreign export markets. Our empirical findings reveal overall employment declines in sectors more exposed to Chinese imports. Furthermore, our results suggest that employment effects are not equally shared across skill levels, as the share of hours worked worsens for low-skilled workers.

scholarly journals Distribution and Redistribution in Postindustrial Democracies

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bradley ◽  
Evelyne Huber ◽  
Stephanie Moller ◽  
François Nielsen ◽  
John D. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Welfare State

This article analyzes the processes of distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies. The authors combine a pooled time-series data base on welfare state effort and its determinants assembled by Huber, Ragin, and Stephens (1997) with data on income distribution assembled in the Luxembourg Income Survey (IJS) archive. In the case of the LIS data, the authors recalculate the microdata in order to remove the distorting influence of pensioners on pretax, pretransfer income distribution. They examine the determinants of two dependent variables: pretax, pretransfer income inequality and the proportional reduction in inequality from pre- to post—tax and transfer inequality. They test hypotheses derived from power resources theory against alternatives derived from the literature on the development of the welfare state and the determinants of income inequality, The results offer strong support for power resources theory, particularly in the case of reduction in inequality. Union density, unemployment, and percentage of female-headed households were the main determinants of pre—tax and transfer inequality (R2= .64), while leftist government, directly and indirectly through its influence on the size of the welfare state, was found to be by far the strongest determinant of distribution (R2= .81).

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