Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: a gender and cross-country analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1153-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOËLLE GAYMU ◽  
SABINE SPRINGER
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Older Europeans

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the influence of objective living conditions on the life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone from a gender and cross-national perspective. The data were drawn from the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which includes a single-item question for life satisfaction and a large set of health, family and socio-economic indicators. From a descriptive point of view, a lower proportion of women living alone declared themselves to be satisfied with life compared to men. When inequalities in living conditions were controlled for, the difference disappeared, but some determinants of life satisfaction differed for men and women and varied among countries. No limitations in daily activities, a high level of education, participation in leisure activities and an older age increased life satisfaction for both men and women living alone, but the existence of a child influenced only the life satisfaction of men, while income level (or home ownership) had an impact only for women. Moreover, a North–South gradient was clearly observable only for women living alone: all other things being equal, women had a higher probability of declaring themselves satisfied with life in northern European countries than in the South, and their determinants of life satisfaction were strongly linked to the socio-cultural context.

Life satisfaction among older people in Italy in a gender approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA MEGGIOLARO ◽  
FAUSTA ONGARO
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Men And Women

ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of wellbeing among older people, and life satisfaction has been used as an indicator to evaluate older people's life conditions. This paper sheds some light on this topic with reference to Italy, a country characterised by an increasing ageing population. The aim is to examine life satisfaction among people aged 65 and older and its predictors. We adopt a gender approach to examine whether – as suggested by the literature – older men and women have different sources of satisfaction. We test this hypothesis in Italy, a country still characterised by an unbalanced public and private gender system. In doing this, we also control whether living arrangements – specifically living alone – influence the determinants of life satisfaction of older men and women. The data used are from the cross-sectional surveys ‘Aspects of Daily Life’, undertaken in Italy by the National Statistical Institute. The results do not show clear gender differences in the determinants of life satisfaction, with only some slight gender differences among those living alone. This suggests that the social and cultural environment may play a relevant role for older people's life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Deconstructing leisure time and workload: case of women bean producers in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Mercy Mutua ◽  
Collins Odhiambo ◽  
Yvonne Kiki Nchanji ◽  
David Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Second Shift

Abstract Background The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts. Method The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty. Result The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses. Conclusion Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.

Life-History Interviews of Aging Gay Men

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Life History ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Life Satisfaction ◽  
Gay Aging ◽  
Patterns Of Aging

Homosexual men and women have seldom been studied by gerontologists and almost nothing is known about the lifestyles, pattern of development through the adult years, and the effect of homosexuality on aging. Fourteen gay men, ranging in age from fifty-five to eighty-one, were interviewed about their life history and experiences of aging as gay men. Three of the respondents had long-term relationships that lasted up to forty years; two had experienced the death of a lover and had begun a new long-term relationship; four had been married to women and two had children (one unmarried man adopted a son and is now a grandfather). The wide diversity of their patterns of aging, the presence of positive aspects of gay aging, and the high life satisfaction of many of the respondents contradict the stereotype of the lonely, isolated old gay man.

scholarly journals Correlation between Leisure Activity Time and Life Satisfaction: Based on KOSTAT Time Use Survey Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Time Use Survey

Rationale. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the available leisure activity time and life satisfaction of the healthy elderly and the factors affecting them. Method. For the analysis, data from the 2014 Time Use Survey (2014TUS) published by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) was used. This study classified the detailed activities of 9228 subjects, based on the data in 2014TUS, and analyzed the differences in time use for occupation domains by age group. Results. It was found that a greater amount time used for outdoor leisure activities yielded a higher life satisfaction value. Differences were found in time use by occupation domains between younger and older groups. These showed higher life satisfaction for those with spouses, regular full-time jobs, higher education, and better health. Conclusion. Based on these results, in order to improve the quality of life (QoL) for older adults, it is necessary to develop various leisure programs that require dynamic physical activities and to prepare alternative policies at the national level to promote participation in leisure activities by older adults. This study will provide occupational therapists (OTs) with data they can use to help older adults who have difficulty in time usage through time management intervention to improve their life satisfaction and QoL.

scholarly journals Mujeres y hombres. Desigualdades de género en el contexto mexicanoWomen and men. Gender inequalities in the Mexican context

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Zamudio Sánchez ◽  
María Del Rosario Ayala Carrillo ◽  
Roxana Ivette Arana Ovalle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Level ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Harmonic Mean ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Cultural Constructions

Las construcciones socioculturales sobre género permean todas las esferas de la vida humana generando diversas inequidades. Es necesario medirlas y proponer alternativas de solución o modificación de políticas que las atiendan. Usando una media harmónica sobre las condiciones en las que viven mujeres y hombres, se midieron atributos de once factores sociales disponibles a escala nacional. Los atributos fueron jerarquizados para cuantificar el diferencial en el cual estos factores se encuentran. No únicamente las mujeres están en condiciones de inequidad, aunque son más frecuentes y graves. Políticas públicas en seis factores deben atender, prioritariamente, a las mujeres y en cinco a los hombres. En cada factor identificamos los atributos más inequitativos para hacer posible la instrumentación de acciones pertinentes. Así, el diseño de las políticas, desde la planeación, cuenta con posibilidades de actuar en congruencia con las necesidades. Abstract Cultural constructions of gender permeate all areas of human life, generating diverse inequities. This requires knowledge of the situations in which men and women are in a particular one and, accordingly, propose solutions or policy change that pay attention to such inequities. Using a harmonic mean on the living conditions in which women and men are, attributes of eleven social factors were measured, available at national level. Such attributes were analytically nested to quantify the differential in which these factors are. Not only women are in inequity conditions, although they are more frequent and severe. Public policies in six factors should attend, mainly, to women and in five to men. We identified, inside each factor, the attributes with more inequity to make possible the implementation of appropriate actions. The corresponding design of policies has, from planning, possibilities of acting in line with the needs.

Work–family interface: Effect of enrichment and conflict on job performance of Korean workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Hun Lim ◽  
Ji Hoon Song ◽  
Myungweon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Family

AbstractMany studies conducted in Western societies indicated that work–family enrichment (WFE) and conflict influence employees' work performance positively and/or negatively. However, few studies have been conducted in collectivist, rapidly growing societies like Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which those work–family interface variables influence the work performance of employees within the Korean organizational context. We performed forward and backward translation procedure to develop the Korean language versions of the WFE scale, work–family conflict (WFC) scale, and other scales assessing life satisfaction and job performance. Data were collected from a sample of 425 workers from various for-profit firms and universities in Korea. For data analysis, basic descriptive analyses, item reliability and construct validity tests, and a two-step structural equation modeling (SEM) approach were employed to identify influential relationships among WFE/WFC, life satisfaction, and job performance. Results indicated that WFE was a significant factor influencing Korean workers' life satisfaction (WLS) and job performance, whereas WFC was not. Implications of the study findings, including the strategies for improving employee well-being within the Korean cultural context, were presented.

Revolts and Abolitionism

Slave No More ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 245-273
Author(s):  
Aline Helg
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
British America ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
Slave Revolts

This chapter covers the various revolts and eventual emancipation of all enslaved people. Very few slave uprisings disrupted slaveholding regions in the Americas after 1815 because enslaved people understood the risks. It was therefore not by chance that the three largest uprisings over the subsequent fifteen years occurred in Great Britain's colonies: enslaved people could both rely on the abolitionist movement that had led to the end of the slave trade and give it renewed momentum by demanding the total and immediate emancipation of every slave in British America. These three slave revolts that erupted in the British colonies between 1816 and 1831 were prompted by rumors of emancipation or of improved living conditions for slaves. All three demonstrated that at least some enslaved men and women considered their situation to be unacceptable, inhuman, unjust, and revolting.

Housing and Living Conditions in Jordan, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Original Dataset

This chapter uses a new and original dataset, the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS) of 2010 and 2016, to study living and housing conditions in Jordan. In 2016 the JLMPS oversampled regions with a high concentration of refugees enabling us to investigate the housing conditions of refugees living out-of- and in-refugee camps. The chapter documents changes in housing characteristics for Jordanian households during 2010–16 and compares the living and housing conditions in 2016 for out-of- and in-camp refugees to that of locals. It shows that living conditions for local households improved: the share of home ownership and share of households living in private houses increased between 2010 and 2016. The chapter further shows that while the majority of refugees live out-of-refugee camps, those who live in-camps have worse living conditions manifested in smaller living areas, worse access to public facilities, and less ownership of durable assets.

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