The Promise and Challenges of Global Labor History

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Labor History ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Inaugural Address ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
The University ◽  
German Historian ◽  
The Way

The idea that the histories of different regions in the world are interconnected is not particularly novel; it already existed several centuries ago. Thus, for example, when the German historian and playwright Friedrich Schiller was granted a chair at the University of Jena in 1789, he declared in his inaugural address that “the most remote regions of the world contribute to our luxury.” After all, he continued, “The clothes we wear, the spices in our food, and the price for which we buy them, many of our strongest medicines, and also many new tools of our destruction—do they not presuppose a Columbus who discovered America, a Vasco da Gama who circumnavigated the tip of Africa”?2Nevertheless it took quite some time before professional historians began to consider these global connections seriously in their research. Colonial and “imperial” historians led the way. They were joined by economic historians. Labor historians became interested in intercontinental perspectives only more recently; until the 1970s, they typically locked themselves into the framework of individual nation-states. Even great innovators in the discipline, such as E. P. Thompson, thought mostly in terms of “national” working classes.

Ideas and Practices of Prostitution Around the World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaly Rodriguez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
The World

This essay provides a global overview of prostitution from the early modern period to the present. Although the distinction between “premodern” and “modern” prostitution is not necessarily sharp, the profound political, military, and socioeconomic changes from roughly 1600 onward had an important impact on the sale of sex. Worldwide, the practice of prostitution and societal reactions to it were influenced by processes of colonization, industrialization, urbanization, the rise of nation-states, military modernization, nationalism, and war, as well as revolutions in politics, agriculture, transport, and communication. A long historical and broad geographical perspective reveals the continuities and discontinuities in the way commercial sex was practiced, perceived, and policed. This essay paper approaches prostitution from a double (top-down and bottom-up) perspective that integrates criminology and labor theory, presenting the views of authorities, anti-vice campaigners, and society at large while situating prostitution as an integral part of labor history.

scholarly journals Philophobia: From Post-Critical to Neo-Critical Pedagogy Through Art Critique (and a Pinch of Hate)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itay Snir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Absolute Good ◽  
German Historian ◽  
The Way

While post-critical pedagogy urges us to educate out of and toward love for the world, in this article I argue against the privileged status of love in educational discourse. I hold that renewing the world is impossible without critique, indeed without a pinch of hatred. I suggest, therefore, moving from post to neo-critique, to renewing the world by renewing critique. I start with discussing some good reasons for hating the world, and then turn to the concept of critique, which post-critical pedagogy is by no means the first to attack. A look at the thorough analysis of the modern concept of critique offered by German historian Reinhart Koselleck uncovers the deep contradictions inherent to its totalizing, rationalistic presuppositions that see nothing but absolute good and absolute evil. Koselleck’s comments on premodern critique point the way to a more complex concept of critique, which transcends such binary divisions. In the last section of this article, I take some steps in this direction, fleshing out the concept of neo-critical pedagogy by thinking of art criticism.

Edwin Sherbon Hills, 31 August 1906 - 2 May 1986

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 289-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Attack ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
Average Height ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
High Sense ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

On the morning of 2 May 1986 Edwin Sherbon Hills set off from his home in Kew, Melbourne, farewelled at the gate by his wife, for the University of Melbourne. He died on the way, minutes later, alone, of a heart attack. On the previous day he had written helpful replies to letters from several geologists in connection with papers they were preparing for a symposium to honour him on his 80th birthday. Australia lost one of its most eminent scientists and most accomplished geologists, and his family their devoted husband and father. The manner of his passing seems to me to be characteristic, for he had a most independent spirit. He was of average height with an erect carriage, quick and deft and always neatly dressed; his hair was short and sandy, and he had a fresh complexion. Extremely independent and highly competent, he was bent on leading in his various chosen fields. He had the remarkable gift of proceeding straight to the heart of any problem, discarding irrelevancies and thinking in a well-organized way. As a geologist he was eclectic; he gave each branch of the science equal attention, saw how each was essential to the others, and invariably supported his arguments with evidence drawn from careful observations made in other branches. He strove relentlessly for perfection in his logical analyses of observations, then adhered to his formed opinion until he could convince himself that a different view was closer to the truth. He had a very high sense of duty. Born in 1906, his generation had tacit acceptance of Britain as the world leader; it was only in 1968 that he paid his first short visit to the U.S.A.

Sport, modernity and nation building: The Indonesian National Games of 1951 and 1953

2008 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Brown
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Inherent Part ◽  
The Way

The study of sport – its social, political, cultural and economic aspects – is a well-established academic field, scholars widely acknowledging its significance in understanding how a society is organized and understood. As Perkin (1992:211) puts it: The history of societies is reflected more vividly in the way they spend their leisure than in their politics or their work […] the history of sport gives a unique insight into the way a society changes and impacts on other societies it comes into contact with and, conversely, the way those societies react back to it. Sport has a particular resonance in considerations of the emergence of modern nation-states out of colonialism, given the connections between the diffusion of modern sports around the world and the colonial experience. Although virtually all societies played games of various kinds, competitive, rule-based sports are essentially modern, western phenomena, dating back no further than the nineteenth century. Their spread through the world coincided with, and in many respects was an inherent part of, the expansion of western colonialism. In the British Empire in particular, sport was seen as reflecting the essential values and characteristics of the British race which justified the existence of colonialism. Wherever the British went, they took their sports with them, together with the social mores they represented.

scholarly journals The Narrator's Search for Her Own Identity in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (124) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
امجد لطيف جبار ◽  
رنا مظهر دخيل
Keyword(s):  
Master's Degree ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Radcliffe College ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Master’S Degree ◽  
The University ◽  
The Way

       Margaret Eleanor Atwood is born on November 18, 1939, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She received her undergraduate degree from Victoria College at the University of Toronto and her master's degree from Radcliffe College.        Atwood is a Canadian writer best known for her novels, which include: The Edible Woman (1969), Surfacing (1972), Lady Oracle (1976), Life Before Man (1979), Bodily Harm (1981), The Handmaid's Tale (1985), Cat's Eye (1988), The Robber Bride (1993), Alias Grace (1996) and The Blind Assassin (1998).        Atwood is a famous writer, and her novels are best sold all over the world. She has been labelled as a Canadian nationalist, feminist, and even a gothic writer. She is well known internationally in the USA, Europe, and Australia.  This research aims at showing throughout Surfacing, the way Atwood portraits the narrator as a woman searching for her own identity.

Speaking Globally

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Global South ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The North Atlantic

The recent growth of the working classes in various parts of the Global South (or what was called the Tricontinent of Africa, Asia, and Latin America some years ago) has important consequences for labor historians. For a very long time labor history was mainly based in the North Atlantic region, though there have also been important nuclei in the so-called socialist countries, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, and some institutional labor history could also be found in other parts of the world at least since the 1920s. Now, however, the Global South is playing an increasingly important role in the development of working class historiography.

Le Theme de l’Unite et de l’Harmonie de l’Homme chez Friedrich Schiller

1998 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Petre Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Great Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Artistic Genius ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Way

This study demonstrates that Schiller's philosophical work is not limited only to the explanation of the artistic phenomenon as such, and that, for him, art represents the premise of philosophizing, of elaborating an original conception of the world and of humanity. I emphasize the way in which the poet and playwright uses art as a philosophical method with a view to penetrating meaning in the world and in life and to identifying a solution to the crisis confronted by modernity. In this context, based on the conviction that the historical and rationalistic methods are the only ones valid for human understanding and achievement, Schiller, due to his artistic genius and his beginning from Kant's ideas concerning the compatibility of the theoretical and the ethical by means of the aesthetic, advances a way of raising nature (the sensible) to the level of morality with the help of the artistic creation interpreted as a game. What radically distinguishes and confers originality on Schiller's versus Kant's conception is the modality of solving the problems of the relation between necessity and liberty, sensibility and intelligibility, and individuality and liberty, thus offering the image of a person able to aspire to resonance with the exactingness of the Great Time, when evolution may become self-evolution, and history transhistory.

scholarly journals Editorial

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Nafi
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Human History ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Islamic View ◽  
The Way

This issue of AJISS provides a multidimensional perspective of today’sIslamic intellectual experience. What seems to contribute markedly to theshaping of this experience is the ongoing creative process of integrating thecontemporary with the historical and the particular with the universal. TheMuslims’ commitment to humanity’s persistent struggle for meaning andharmony is, in essence, deeply linked to their belonging to the social anddiscursive manifestations of the Islamic historical epoch.Similarly evident is that neither studying Islam nor seeking the constructionof an Islamic view of our times can be conducted coherently withoutinvoking human history and intellectual achievements located outsideof the traditionally defined boundaries of the Islamic intellectual venture.Examples abound. Western epistemological tools and concepts are nowused widely, with little hesitation, by an increasing number of Muslimsocial scientists. On another level, the emergence of world global systemshas left its imprint on the Muslims’ perceptions of universal justice. Theinfluences of non-Muslim suffering and struggle are becoming part of theMuslim consciousness. In a startling reflection of this development, thetragic history of Native Americans has recently been sought as an allegoricalwell-spring by Arab anti-imperialist poets. For Islam and the world,despite many pitfalls and dangers, this process of integration is ultimatelybound to transfer the Muslims’ worldview to an era that is fundamentallydisctinctive from the preceding “centuries of the Islamic experience.”Charles Hirschkind’s “Heresy or Hermeneutics: The Case of NasrHamid Abu Zayd” provides a lucid example of how modem Islamic intellectualismand its image, the discipline of Islamic studies, are predicated ona wide variety of sources, whether historical or contingent, traditional orotherwise. The case of Abu Zayd and his prolonged conflict with Islamiccircles in Egypt has been of particular interest to the western and Arab secularmedia alike. Emerging from the halls of the University of Cairo, thecontentious debate surrounding his ideas has marched all the way to theEgyptian judiciary. But Hirschkind is not a judge, and AJISS is not a courtroom.The focus here is on “the contrastive notions of reason and history,” ...

Becoming Heterodox in 17th-Century Cambridge

2019 ◽  
pp. 301-394
Author(s):  
Dmitri Levitin ◽  
Scott Mandelbrote
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Orthodox Theology ◽  
The University ◽  
Theological Pedagogy ◽  
Regius Professor ◽  
The Way

This chapter charts Isaac Newton’s path to heterodoxy by contextualising a crucial, but previously unknown, piece of evidence: the ‘Determination’ upon Newton’s 1677 Cambridge theology disputation conducted by the Regius Professor of Divinity, Joseph Beaumont. This Determination provides the earliest secure evidence of Newton’s engagement with theology. The Determination (printed and translated as an Appendix) is important in itself, but its witness allows us to go further and to propose that the university context proved crucial for shaping the way in which Newton conducted his theological reading. The essay begins by charting the transformations in Cambridge theological pedagogy in the half century before Beaumont and during the period of his dominance after the Restoration. It emphasises in particular the rise of an obsession with ante-Nicene Christian antiquity at the University, partly in response to inter- and intra-confessional dispute. The second half of the essay shows that much of Newton’s early theological writing can be read as a response to these developments, and to the world of orthodox theology that existed around him.

The Rise and Fall of the “Third Weimar”: Harry Graf Kessler and the Aesthetic State in Wilhelmian Germany, 1902–1906

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-532
Author(s):  
Laird Easton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
German Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Leipzig ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In August 1891, shortly before his graduation from the University of Leipzig and his subsequent departure on a trip around the world, Harry Graf Kessler visited the city that had become an icon of German culture in the nineteenth century. Weimar, vegetating in the long twilight years of Carl Alexander's reign, made an unfavorable impression on the young aesthete. At the church cemetery, thinking no doubt of the way England and France honored their great writers, he remarked, “I do not find the idea that the coffins of our two greatest poets should serve as the antechamber for all the princely nullities of the house of Weimar especially worthy—it reminds one a little too strongly of the Geheimen Hofrat.”

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