scholarly journals Russian/Former Soviet Union Experience in Professional Small Telescope Usage

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
N.G. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Receiver Design ◽  
Know How ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Union Experience ◽  
Selection Of

FSU astronomers traditionally use small telescopes (⊘ ≤1.5 m, hereafter STs) for both science and education. Russian/FSU experience here is among the largest world-wide. There are only 2 large and moderate-sized facilities in whole Russia: the 6 m telescope of SAO RAS and Russian-Ukrainian 2 m one on the 3100 m high peak Terskol in Central Caucasus.Equipped with good light receivers and handled by skilled observers, STs can produce first class scientific data. Important results are typically yielded by long-time sequences of observations and/or new observational “know how”: good instrument/receiver design, appropriate selection of objects and moments, etc. Examples of what has been done with STs in FSU, within my memory, (in the last ≃ 1/3 century) are listed below, without a list of references, because of lack of space. The author plans to publish a larger article on this subject in Astr.&Aph.Trans.

scholarly journals Russian/Former Soviet Union Experience in Small Telescope Usage for Investigation of Interstellar Matter (ISM) and Nebulae

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
N.G. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Interstellar Extinction ◽  
Interstellar Matter ◽  
Optical Range ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Union Experience

The deepest tradition in ISM study in the optical range was built in Russia/FSU by V.Fessenkov, the founder of Fessenkov Astrophysical (Aph) Institute (AFIF, Kazakhstan) and G.Shain (Crimean Aph.Obs. - CrAO, Ukraine). The tradition was handed over to SAI (Moscow) by I. Shklovski and S.Pikelner, to Abastumani Aph. Obs. (AAO, Georgia), where a catalogue of dark nebulae (Khavtassi, 1960) was produced, and to Byurakan Aph. Obs. (BAO, Armenia).For a long time 0.3-0.7 m telescopes were used for determination of interstellar extinction in the Galaxy by the standard technique (SAI; Engelhart Astron. Obs. of Kazan Univ., Russia; AAO; BAO and others. The most sophisticated investigations were carried out in Lithuania (e.g. Straizys, 1977; Sudzius, 1974).

Creating an Information System for the Russian State Library

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Segbert ◽  
Alexander Vislyi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
National Library ◽  
Library Automation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
State Library

The Russian State Library, the national library of the Russian Federation (until 1992 known as Lenin State Library), began in 1862 when Count N.P. Rumyantsev bequeathed his collection of books, manuscripts, and other materials to the state. From the beginning the library received a free copy of all Russian publications. The library started to look into automation in the late 1960s. Eventually, after a series of false starts and small initiatives, a feasibility study was set up in 1995, funded by the European Commission, focusing on library automation while setting the issue in the wider context of collection development, building improvements, conservation, document supply and staff development. As a result of this study the Russian State Library was awarded a Tacis project and a budget of one million Euro over 18 months (later extended by six months, plus 300,000 Euro for the extension). Tacis fosters the development of links between EU countries and the states of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. A key area of Tacis activity is Know-How transfer, carried out through policy advice, consultancy teams, training studies and partnerships. Several other varied projects have been initiated. Many positive changes have occurred during the project, notably in the development of staff.

scholarly journals ON THE CREATION OF A MODERN DOMESTIC INFANTRY ROCKET FLAMETHROWER

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
A. Suprykin ◽  
D. Itseliev ◽  
Yu. Kamak ◽  
S. Kaletnik
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Action Time ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyzes the design features of existing flamethrowers of former Soviet Union, Russian and foreign manufacture. It is determined that the infantry rocket flamethrower can perform only a single action. A flamethrower consists of a disposable container - launcher with an aiming device in which a thermobaric warhead and a jet engine are mounted, which are separated during the shot. The shot is carried out using a launching machine attached to the disposable container - launcher. The selection of an analogue product that meets the requirements for an advanced domestic flamethrower in terms of tactical and technical characteristics was made. Analysis of the design of existing systems showed that the closest to the conditions of the technical - development requirements in terms of technical and weight-and-dimensional characteristics is RPO-A "Shmel", thus it was chosen as a prototype during the development of a domestic infantry flamethrower. The main features of the damage effects are analyzed. The main adverse factors of thermobaric warheads are determined. They are: maximum pressure, shock-wave velocity, action time of excess pressure. In the process of designing a new rocket flamethrower in order to increase the adverse factors indicators, the following decisions were made: to use nitrate ester with a lower oxygen balance, incapable of detonation transformation - isoamyl nitrite; to use an explosive of bursting charge with a higher detonation rate - okfol. Experimental studies have confirmed that the developed infantry rocket flamethrower does not rank below the world analogues, and in terms of particular characteristics (damage effects) even exceeds those analogues.

scholarly journals Understanding Patterns of Economic Insecurity for Post-Soviet Migrant Women in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Gewinner ◽  
Stefania Salvino
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Union Experience

This study deals with meanings of economic insecurity for post-Soviet migrant women in Germany, Italy, and Spain, elaborating on its cultural underpinnings. Drawing upon several data sources, including interviews, observation, and online data, as well as judicial material, this study addresses the ways women from the former Soviet Union experience economic insecurity and which strategies they develop to cope. We consider women's age, social background, and level of education, analyzing their embeddedness into different life domains. We identify four patterns of coping with economic insecurity, linked to individual characteristics, cultural values and legal frame conditions in the countries under investigation, and provide implications for social mobility and conservative backlash in Europe.

scholarly journals Human Development index and Informatisation of Society in CIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Irina Rodionova ◽  
Anastasia Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent States ◽  
In Cis

Human Development index and Informatisation of Society in CIS Knowledge and know-how of calculation methods of indicators and indices allow to evaluate, compare and correlate if not fully then to a considerable extent the situation in different countries and regions of the world. Moreover, in countries with "transitional economy" to which Russia and other countries of former Soviet Union are attributed to, the situation has significantly changed and it is necessary to adjust the directions and perspectives of development considering the changed environment.The article characterizes a position of Russia and other CIS's countries (Commonwealth of Independent States) on the international rating of Human Development Index and Networked Readiness Index.

A Review of the Scientific Literature and Methods for Production of Factitious Hosts for Use in Mass Rearing of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in the Former Soviet Union, the United States, Western Europe and China

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Greenberg ◽  
R. K. Morrison ◽  
Donald A. Nordlund ◽  
E. G. King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Selection Of

Trichogramma spp. are important biological control agents for lepidopterous pests. Insectaries for mass rearing them, using factitious hosts, have been constructed in many countries. Selection of factitious hosts is based on the simplicity of their mass production, mechanization of rearing processes, and cost of production compared to that of utilizing target pest eggs. Scientific literature and personal experiences with the techniques used for production of factitious hosts for Trichogramma spp. in the former Soviet Union, the United States, Western Europe, and China are presented.

British—Russian Peer Education in Finance and Accounting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Morrison ◽  
John Struthers
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Know How ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship that exists between industry and higher education in the Western economies is being mirrored in the transforming economies of the former Soviet Union. This paper reports on a recent investigation into the professional and academic fields of finance and accounting and in particular into the work by British and Russian university peers. There are, however, general observations which would be applicable across all fields of expertise. The case is set within the context of a UK government ‘Know How Fund’ project. The authors argue that peer education has a significant role to play in providing a mechanism for knowledge transfer, both professional and academic. They further argue that this knowledge transfer is crucial to enterprise development within a developing market economy.

scholarly journals Between the bear and the dragon: multivectorism in Kazakhstan as a model strategy for secondary powers

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-993
Author(s):  
Rachel Vanderhill ◽  
Sandra F Joireman ◽  
Roza Tulepbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Secondary Powers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China

Abstract Kazakhstan has followed a foreign policy of multivector diplomacy since its independence from the former Soviet Union. While multivectorism was a strategy of necessity in its early years, it has evolved to empower Kazakhstan to effectively protect its independence and negotiate its relationship with the great powers on its borders and further afield. After the 2014 Russian seizure of Crimea it is noteworthy that Kazakhstan has maintained positive relations with Russia while asserting its sovereignty and independent foreign policy. In this article we investigate how Kazakhstan has negotiated the rise of China, taking advantage of the economic opportunities it presents. We trace the foreign policy of Kazakhstan from independence forward, examining its relationships with its Great Power neighbours and its role in international organizations and negotiations. We posit that multivectorism is similar to the strategy of omni-enmeshment and complex balancing seen in south-east Asia. Both are effective methods for secondary powers to protect their sovereignty and to coexist with Great Powers without becoming their client states. Kazakhstan's approach to foreign policy is an exemplar for secondary states. This article contributes to the literature on the strategic decision-making of secondary powers and to the theoretical analysis of the foreign policy of Kazakhstan during a critical moment of transition from the long-time rule of Nursultan Nazarbayev to the presidency of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

Lessons from the UK Know How Funds Initiative

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
British Council ◽  
Know How ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Uk

The relationship that has existed historically between industry and higher education in Western economies is currently being mirrored in the transforming economies of the former Soviet Union. These emerging market economies have been encouraged by their association with a now obsolete British Council awards scheme to study historical and current relationships between businesses and education providers in established market economies. This paper analyses the professional and academic collaboration between a British and Russian university and their respective business networks. The case is set in the context of a UK government ‘Know How Funds’ project. The paper summarizes and analyses discursive sections of the periodic financial reports of the award holder, submitted throughout the project, to the British Council. The findings from the case study support the use of peer education and the resultant cascade of knowledge as mechanisms to drive through the transition to a market economy.

Institutional Structure and Immigrant Integration: A Comparative Study of Immigrants’ Labor Market Attainment in Canada and Israel

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Lewin-Epstein ◽  
Moshe Semyonov ◽  
Irena Kogan ◽  
Richard A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Labor Market Attainment ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
Economic Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present study focuses on the incorporation of immigrants from the former Soviet Union in two receiving societies, Israel and Canada, during the first half of the 1990s. Both countries conducted national censuses in 1995 (Israel) and 1996 (Canada), making it possible to identify a large enough sample of immigrants and provide information on their demographic characteristics and their labor market activity. While both Canada and Israel are immigrant societies, their institutional contexts of immigrant reception differ considerably. Israel maintains no economic selection of the Jewish immigrants and provides substantial support for newcomers, who are viewed as a returning Diaspora. Canada employs multiple criteria for selecting immigrants, and the immigrants’ social and economic incorporation is patterned primarily by market forces. The analysis first examines the characteristics of immigrants who arrived in the two countries and evaluates the extent of selectivity. Consistent with our hypotheses, Russian immigrants to Canada were more immediately suitable for the labor market, but experienced greater difficulty finding and maintaining employment. Nevertheless, immigrants to Canada attained higher-status occupations and higher earnings than their compatriots in Israel did, although the Israeli labor market was more likely to reward their investments in education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document