scholarly journals LATIN SONG AT THE ABBEY OF SANKT GALLEN FROM C. 800 TO THE LIBER YMNORUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Sam Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Latin Verse ◽  
The Way

New light is shed on the song culture of Sankt Gallen almost a century before its earliest notated sources through consideration of the poetic section of a manuscript copied at the Abbey shortly after the year 800, i.e. the second part of Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek Vossianus Lat. Q. 69. The predominantly Merovingian accentual Latin verse (rhythmi) and metrical verse by the late-antique poet Prudentius (his Liber Cathemerinon and Liber Peristephanon) were written out in song forms. It is newly proposed that Prudentius’ verse from the Liber Peristephanon was arranged into a liturgical cycle. The poetic section of the Leiden manuscript is accordingly understood as a collection of songs, which prompts reflection on the way in which earlier sung versus at Sankt Gallen may have provided models for the later Liber ymnorum. Witnesses to the song culture of Sankt Gallen in the first half of the ninth century are re-examined and a leading role during this period for the nearby Abbey of Reichenau is proposed. Finally, it is suggested that Iso’s advice to Notker that singulae motus cantilenae singulas syllabas debent habere was at least partly informed by the existing tradition of sung versus at both abbeys.

The Power of the Cross and Cruciform Devices in the Carolingian World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Manuscript Culture ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Early Byzantine

This chapter shows the unquestionable role of the sign of the cross as the primary sign of divine authority in Carolingian material and manuscript culture, a role partly achieved at the expense of the diminishing symbolic importance of the late antique christograms. It also analyses the appearance of new cruciform devices in the ninth century as well as the adaptation of the early Byzantine tradition of cruciform invocational monograms in Carolingian manuscript culture, as exemplified in the Bible of San Paolo fuori le mura and several other religious manuscripts. The final section examines some Carolingian carmina figurata and, most importantly, Hrabanus Maurus’ In honorem sanctae crucis, as a window into Carolingian graphicacy and the paramount importance of the sign of the cross as its ultimate organizing principle.

scholarly journals Entre la academia y el aula: La aparición de actores marginados en la Historia y su enseñanza

2016 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sixtina Pinochet Pinochet ◽  
Néstor Urrutia Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Curriculum History ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
De Se ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Way

ResumenIndudablemente, la historia tradicionalmente se ha construido desde la verticalidad: mientras que algunos son los grandes protagonistas, otros quedan marginados del análisis del pasado. Sin embargo, a la luz de los cambios dentro de la disciplina de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, se hizo patente la necesidad de aproximarse a aquellos actores históricamente marginados. El presente trabajo busca exponer el trato que se ha hecho de algunos de estos colectivos apartados en dos planos: la disciplina historiográfica (antes y ahora) y el currículo de enseñanza actual, de tal manera de poder apreciar cuál es la forma en la que son presentados y bajo qué parámetros.Between the academia and the classroom: The emergence of marginalized actors in history and their teachingsAbstractUndoubtedly, history has traditionally been built from the verticality; somehave a leading role while others are excluded from the analysis of the past.However, in light of changes within the discipline of the second half of the Twentieth Century, the need to approach those historically marginalized actorsbecame evident. This paper seeks to expose the treatment given to some ofthese collectives on two levels: the historiographical discipline (then and now)and the current teaching curriculum, in order to appreciate what is the way they are presented and under what parameters.Keywords: marginalized, historiography, curriculum, history teachingEntre a acadêmia e a sala de aula: O surgimento de atoresmarginalizados na história e seu ensinoResumoSem dúvida, a história tem sido tradicionalmente construída a partir da verticalidade, enquanto alguns são os grandes protagonistas, outros são excluídosda análise do passado. No entanto, à luz das mudanças dentro da disciplina da segunda metade do século XX, tornou-se evidente a necessidade de se aproximar a esses atores historicamente marginalizados. Este trabalho procuraex por o trato que se tem feito de alguns destes coletivos diferenciados em dois níveis: a disciplina historiográfica (então e agora) e o currículo do ensino atual, com a finalidade de apreciar qual é a forma em que são apresentados e sobe que parâmetros.Palavras-chave: marginalizados, historiografia, currículo, ensino da história.

Islam and Art: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Image Function ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
Direct Recognition ◽  
Modes Of Engagement ◽  
Religion And Art ◽  
The Way

Modern terms like “religion” and “art” offer limited access to the ways in which nonverbal human creativity in the Islamic world engages the “way of life” indicated by the Arabic word din, often translated as religion. Islam emerged within existing paradigms of creativity and perception in the late antique world. Part of this inheritance was a Platonic and Judaic concern with the potentially misleading power to make images, often misinterpreted in the modern world as an “image prohibition.” Rather, the image function extended beyond replication of visual reality, including direct recognition of the Divine as manifest in the material and cultural world. Music, geometry, writing, poetry, painting, devotional space, gardens and intermedial practices engage people with the “way of life” imbued with awareness of the Divine. Rather than externally representing religious ideas, creativity fosters the subjective capacity to recognize the Divine. Flexible enough to transcend the conventions of time and place over the millennium and a half since the inception of Islam, these modes of engagement persist in forms that also communicate through the expressive practices of contemporary art. To consider religion and art in Islam means to think about how each of these categories perpetually embodies, resists, and recreates the others.

Women and the Faith in Icons in Early Christianity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Herrin
Keyword(s):  
Early Christianity ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Funerary Art ◽  
Mediterranean Culture ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses the place of icons in worship, their character, and the way they came to symbolize the holy and mediate between earth and heaven. In particular, as icons became a vivid focus of devotion, they began to embody human relations with God the Creator and Ruler of the entire Christian world. It is argued that women played a notable part in this developing cult of icons. The chapter concentrates on some features of Late Antique Mediterranean culture, shared by Jews and Gentiles, pagan and Christian alike. These provided a common social experience within which the artistic evolution of the Christian church took place. In particular, the first part of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of funerary art, for this represents one of the most striking ways whereby Christians transmitted pagan rituals and artistic forms to their new faith. The second part examines some of the reasons for the preservation of these forms, once assimilated to a Christian mode, when they came under attack in the East. It asks how much that response informs us about the role of women in the cult of icons.

scholarly journals Cultures of Victory and the Political Consequences of Foundational Legitimacy in Croatia and Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-824
Author(s):  
Mieczysław P. Boduszyński ◽  
Vjeran Pavlaković
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Way

What are the consequences of a culture of victory in countries undergoing new state formation and democratic transition? In this article, we examine ‘foundational legitimacy,’ or a hegemonic narrative about the way in which a new state was created, and the role particular groups played in its creation. We argue that the way in which victory is institutionalized can pose a grave threat to the democratic project. If reconciliation and democratization depend of integrating losers into the new order and recognizing plural narratives of state formation, then exclusivist narratives based on foundational legitimacy pose a direct challenge to both. We focus on two Yugoslav successor states, Kosovo and Croatia. For both cases, we trace how appeals to ‘foundational legitimacy’ by groups that claim a leading role in the struggle for independence fostered a politics of exclusion, which ran counter to both the spirit of democracy. In Croatia, foundational legitimacy was partly challenged after 2000 by reformist political forces, though more recently it has re-appeared in political life. In Kosovo, foundational legitimacy was never successfully challenged and continues to shape political dynamics to the present day.

scholarly journals A Contested Jurisdiction: Armenia in Late Antiquity

2017 ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Village

Although Roman and Persian engagement with late antique Armenia has been analysed from several perspectives, its juridical dimension has been largely ignored. This chapter provides a reassessment of the legislation pertaining to Roman Armenia from the reign of Justinian, arguing that it offers a reflection of legal practices operating beyond the newly reorganised Roman provinces, in districts of Armenia under Persian hegemony. It may also attest the seeping of Roman legal culture beyond the formal limits of the jurisdiction. Crucially, the local inheritance practices which the legislation prescribes find analogues in Sasanian jurisprudence. Although not every aspect of Persian legal culture will have been replicated in the districts of Armenia or received in the same way, the rich Armenian literary tradition from late antiquity reveals a proximate legal culture, expressed in terms of concepts employed and processes followed. Three illustrations from Łazar P‘arpets‘i History are examined. Furthermore two later compilations preserve valuable evidence of law in practice. The tenth-century compilation titled History of Ałuank‘ contains a collection of documents deriving from the Council of Partav convened in 705 CE. One of these confirms that land across Caucasian Albania was still being bought and sold at this time, that there was current uncertainty over whether the transfer of a village included the village church and its endowment, and that laymen had been represented as holding clerical status to circumvent this. A specific case is then outlined. The late thirteenth-century History of Siwnik‘ on the other hand contains transcripts of fifty-two documents, and summaries of twelve more, recording property transactions in favour of the bishops of Siwnik‘ and the see of Tat‘ev. It is argued that the earliest of these, dating from the middle of the ninth century, preserve clear vestiges of Sasanian legal culture. Armenian sources have much to tell us about law and legal tradition in Sasanian Persia.

John of Alexandria Again: Greek Medical Philosophy in Latin Translation

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Nutton
Keyword(s):  
Latin Translation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Medical Philosophy ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Textual Basis ◽  
The Way

It is a brave scholar who ventures into the murky world of Late Antique medicine in search of information on earlier theories. Not only may the opinions of a Herophilus or a Galen be distorted by their distant interpreters, but frequently the texts themselves present serious challenges to understanding. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the Latin versions made from Greek philosophical and medical commentaries, which interpose an additional linguistic barrier before one can make sense of sometimes complex arguments. Yet as R. J. Hankinson has shown in his recent note on John of Alexandria, there is much to be gained from these forbidding works. But while he has succeeded in elucidating much of the technical terminology and argument that lies behind one of these translations, his lack of familiarity with the textual basis of the relevant commentary has both led him into error and prevented him from resolving still more of its difficulties. His ignorance is easily pardonable, for, as will be shown, modern editors have unwittingly conspired to block the way to the truth, and the essential secondary literature has been published in journals and theses rarely accessible to the classicist.

British Ethnogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Alex Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Late Antique ◽  
The South ◽  
The Way

This chapter will argue that the ethnogenesis of the Britons was a process which occurred within the Late Antique period. Whilst commentators from Gildas onwards imagined the Britons to have existed as an identifiable group from time immemorial, it is argued here that they arose out of a growing division between more and less Romanized groups within the British provinces, as changes in the way Rome managed its frontiers led to the emergence of semi-barbarian devolved polities close to the limes. It is further argued that it was against these groups in Britain, the cultural forebears of the Welsh, that the provincials of the south-east required aid from the Saxons. Essentialist ideas about ethnicity, from the time of Gildas onwards, have obscured this process.

Late Antique Ostia and a Campaign for Pious Tourism: Epitaphs for Bishop Cyriacus and Monica, Mother of Augustine

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Ryan Boin
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Secondary Literature

ABSTRACTEver since Augustine narrated an account of his mother's death at Ostia, social historians have tried to adduce the identity of the person who erected Monica's tombstone, a copy of which is preserved in a ninth-century codex. Three members of the gens Anicii, all of whom were Augustine's contemporaries, have become usual suspects in the secondary literature. Throughout these debates the epitaph itself, a fragment of which was found in 1945, is frequently cited but rarely treated as a primary text. This article presents a new study of that epigraph and proposes that it was erected much later than previously suspected.

scholarly journals Musical Values and Practice in Old Hispanic Chant

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Liturgical Music ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Isidore Of Seville ◽  
The Way

Augustine's appraisal of music's moral value in Confessions, as selectively abbreviated by Isidore of Seville, provides a conceptual framework for understanding early medieval Iberian musical values. Augustine advocates a devotional focus primarily on text, expressing anxiety about elaborate liturgical music. For Isidore, by contrast, diverse melody leads both faithful and unfaithful toward a transcendent anticipation of heaven, beyond reason-based concentration on text. In this article I test the hypothesis that Isidore's musical values shaped the extant Old Hispanic chant texts and melodies, offering a new appraisal of the way Old Hispanic musical values and practice relate. Examples are drawn from Old Hispanic (“Mozarabic”) chant, whose texts (preserved before 732) are closer to the late antique context than any other Western liturgy. Old Hispanic melodies are preserved in unpitched notation ca. 900. The methodology developed here has the potential to be applied to other ritual traditions.

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