scholarly journals VI.—On the Brick Architecture of the North of Germany

Archaeologia ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Alexander Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
The South ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic

The surface of that part of Europe which lies between the Baltic and the German Ocean on the north, and the Carpathians, the Sudeten Gebirge, the Riesengebirge, Thüringerwald, and Hartz on the south, is composed of sand or clay, and affords no other building stone than granitic boulders, supposed to have been transported thither from the Scandinavian mountains. These boulders furnished the stone from which many churches were built in the twelfth and earlier part of the thirteenth centuries; but the deposit being superficial was soon exhausted, and the hardness of the material precluded the use of ornamental detail.

The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil, Liparus glabrirostris—The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Krzysztof Zając ◽  
Miłosz A Mazur ◽  
Arkadiusz Sikora ◽  
Daniel Kubisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Liparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050–2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.

MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Konstantin Karmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).

Strain partitioning around an indenter during oroclinal bending: kinematics of the Circum-Moesian fault system of the Carpatho-Balkanides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Krstekanic ◽  
Liviu Matenco ◽  
Uros Stojadinovic ◽  
Ernst Willingshofer ◽  
Marinko Toljić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
The South ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Parallel Extension

<p>The Carpatho-Balkanides of south-eastern Europe is a double 180° curved orogenic system. It is comprised of a foreland-convex orocline, situated in the north and east and a backarc-convex orocline situated in the south and west. The southern orocline of the Carpatho-Balkanides orogen formed during the Cretaceous closure of the Alpine Tethys Ocean and collision of the Dacia mega-unit with the Moesian Platform. Following the main orogen-building processes, the Carpathians subduction and Miocene slab retreat in the West and East Carpathians have driven the formation of the backarc-convex oroclinal bending in the south and west. The orocline formed during clockwise rotation of the Dacia mega-unit and coeval docking against the Moesian indenter. This oroclinal bending was associated with a Paleocene-Eocene orogen-parallel extension that exhumed the Danubian nappes of the South Carpathians and with a large late Oligocene – middle Miocene Circum-Moesian fault system that affected the orogenic system surrounding the Moesian Platform along its southern, western and northern margins. This fault system is composed of various segments that have different and contrasting types of kinematics, which often formed coevally, indicating a large degree of strain partitioning during oroclinal bending. It includes the curved Cerna and Timok faults that cumulate up to 100 km of dextral offset, the lower offset Sokobanja-Zvonce and Rtanj-Pirot dextral strike-slip faults, associated with orogen parallel extension that controls numerous intra-montane basins and thrusting of the western Balkans units over the Moesian Platform. We have performed a field structural study in order to understand the mechanisms of deformation transfer and strain partitioning around the Moesian indenter during oroclinal bending by focusing on kinematics and geometry of large-scale faults within the Circum-Moesian fault system.</p><p>Our structural analysis shows that the major strike-slip faults are composed of multi-strand geometries associated with significant strain partitioning within tens to hundreds of metres wide deformation zones. Kinematics of the Circum-Moesian fault system changes from transtensional in the north, where the formation of numerous basins is controlled by the Cerna or Timok faults, to strike-slip and transpression in the south, where transcurrent offsets are gradually transferred to thrusting in the Balkanides. The characteristic feature of the whole system is splaying of major faults to facilitate movements around the Moesian indenter. Splaying towards the east connects the Circum-Moesian fault system with deformation observed in the Getic Depression in front of the South Carpathians, while in the south-west the Sokobanja-Zvonce and Rtanj-Pirot faults splay off the Timok Fault. These two faults are connected by coeval E-W oriented normal faults that control several intra-montane basins and accommodate orogen-parallel extension. We infer that all these deformations are driven by the roll-back of the Carpathians slab that exerts a northward pull on the upper Dacia plate in the Serbian Carpathians. However, the variability in deformation styles is controlled by geometry of the Moesian indenter and the distance to Moesia, as the rotation and northward displacements increase gradually to the north and west.</p>

Excavations at the Jegliniec hillfort – recent developments in Balt archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (248) ◽  
pp. 684-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Written Sources

The Jatvings, closely related to the Old Prussian, Lithuanian and Latvian tribes, belonged to the Baltic branch of the Indo-Europeans who, in the 5th century BC, migrated north up the Driieper river to settle the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. (Die Balten 1987: 18, 20). On the evidence available, Jatvingia as a complex of tribal communities emerged in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. The historical home of the Jatvings was in the northeastern corner of modern Poland and in the adjacent parts of modern Lithuania. It stretched eastwards across the Masurian Lakeland to the river Neman, touching on the Biebrza river valley in the south and the upper Sheshupa valley in the north (FIGURE 1). Information on Jatvingians survives in early mediaeval written sources: Polish documents, the chronicles of the Ruthenian Dukes and the Teutonic Order, Papal Bulls, etc. Interestingly enough, one of the oldest mentions in western European sources comes from an English source – the Otia imperialia written by Gervase of Tilbury.

scholarly journals THE PIN FROM THE SOFIIVSKA BORSHCHAHIVKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
O. M. Kazymir ◽  
I. A. Hotun
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Further Development

The excavations headed by O. P. Motsa of the settlement on the bank of the river Nyvka in Sofiivska Borshchahivka in the western suburb of Kiev provided the representative collection, containing a number of items, quite rare, and even unique in the South Rus lands. One of them is the bronze pin with a total length of about 10 cm casted in two-sided form with a top in the form of duck. The researchers consider the pins, as a part of the costume, attributed to the Baltic and Finnish-Ugric population, which surrounded the North Rus lands and partially was a part of the Old Rus state. Initially, through contacts with the latter, these items got to Novgorod and other destinations (in Chersonese, for example, according to experts, such things serve as an indicator of ties with suppliers of northern fur). The pin from the Sofiyivska Borshchahivka settlement obviously represents a further development of the shape of these decorations: in its upper part above three petals with inserted rings there is a three-dimensional figure of a duck with its head pointing back. Analysis of literature allows trace the usage of a small group of similar ear-picks and pins with figures of a rooster, a dog etc. — species that have long been valued by various ethnic groups. The decoration from Sofiyivska Borshchahivka reflects the level of development of medieval metal-plastics, shows the cultural ties (especially along with other items presented on the site which tend to the specified region), acts as an indicator of both the high well-being of the population of medieval settlement structures and not yet exhausted information opportunities of the latter.

scholarly journals On the chronology of the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age in eastern Germania in the light of selected types of brooches

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-259
Author(s):  
Piotr Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
La Tene ◽  
The Baltic

On the basis of selected types of supra-regional brooches (A.65, Nauheim, Schüsselfibeln, A.18), an attempt was made to check whether they appeared in the eastern part of Germania in the same chronological rhythm as in their home zones. The service life of A.65 brooch and post-oppidial forms A.18 north of the Carpathians corresponds to the chronology in the primary distribution zone, no significant differences can be seen. Another picture – obtained, however, from a small number of finds – is drawn for Nauheim type brooches, which seem to remain in use a little longer in the zone between the Carpathian Mountains and the Baltic coast, until the younger stage of the LT D2 phase. Similarly, bowl-shaped brooches (Schüsselfibeln), probably made mostly in local workshops, were worn in the north for several decades longer than in the zone south of the Carpathian Mountains. In Pomerania they came into use probably slightly earlier than in the area of Przeworsk culture and probably went out of fashion a little faster. This indicates a slightly different rhythm of stylistic and fashion changes between southern and central Poland (Przeworsk culture) and the north – the region of the lower Vistula and the Gulf of Gdańsk. Late La Tène period – Late Pre-Roman Iron Age – chronology – brooches – Przeworsk culture – imports

scholarly journals Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A  Revisit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Oelsmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Altimetry Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Level Anomalies ◽  
South West ◽  
The Baltic

<p>For sea level studies, coastal adaptation, and planning for future sea level scenarios, regional responses require regionally-tailored sea level information. Global sea level products from satellite altimeter missions are now available through the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Level Project (SL_cci). However, these global datasets are not entirely appropriate for supporting regional actions. Particularly for the Baltic Sea region, complications such as coastal complexity and sea-ice restrain our ability to exploit radar altimetry data.</p><p>This presentation highlights the benefits and opportunities offered by such regionalised advances, through an examination by the ESA-funded Baltic SEAL project (http://balticseal.eu/). We present the challenges faced, and solutions implemented, to develop new dedicated along-track and gridded sea level datasets for Baltic Sea stakeholders, spanning the years 1995-2019. Advances in waveform classification and altimetry echo-fitting, expansion of echo-fitting to a wide range of altimetry missions (including Delay-Doppler altimeters), and Baltic-focused multi-mission cross calibration, enable all altimetry missions’ data to be integrated into a final gridded product.</p><p>This gridded product, and a range of altimetry datasets, offer new insights into the Baltic Sea’s mean sea level and its variability during 1995-2019. Here, we focus on the analysis of sea level trends in the region using both tide gauge and altimetry data. The Baltic SEAL absolute sea level trend at the coast better aligns with information from the in-situ stations, when compared to current global products. The rise in sea level is statistically significant in the region of study and higher in winter than in summer. A gradient of over 3 mm/yr in sea level rise is observed, with sea levels in the north and east of the basin rising more than in the south-west. Part of this gradient (about 1 mm/yr) is directly explained by a regression analysis of the wind contribution on the sea level time series. A sub-basin analysis comparing the northernmost part (Bay of Bothnia) with the south-west reveals that the differences in winter sea level anomalies are related to different phases of the North-Atlantic Oscillation (0.71 correlation coefficient). Sea level anomalies are higher in the Bay of Bothnia when winter wind forcing pushes waters through Ekman transport from the south-west towards east and north.</p><p>The study also demonstrates the maturity of enhanced satellite altimetry products to support local sea level studies in areas characterised by complex coastlines or sea-ice coverage. The processing chain used in this study can be exported to other regions, in particular to test the applicability in regions affected by larger ocean tides. We promote further exploitation and identification of further synergies with other efforts focused on relevant oceanic variables for societal applications.</p>

MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Konstantin Karmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).

Par kādu žemaišu konstrukciju ar verbu ļubēt Sventājas latviešu valodā

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Daiga Straupeniece
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The South ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic

Latvians of Šventoji, nowadays inhabiting the north-west territory of Lithuania by the Baltic Sea, have kept distinctive features of the Curonian subdialects in their language and integrated into its phonetics and grammar many features of Lithuanian, including Samogitian dialect. One of the linguistic changes caused by the language contacts, characteristic to all the Latvian community near the border of Lithuania (Būtingė, Šventoji, Monciškė, Kunigiškiai), is „the use of frequentative past uncharacteristic for the south-western subdialects of Kurzeme” (Straupeniece 2018, 127) with inflectional affix -dav-, e.g., adīdava, braukdava, būdava. Also, there is a characteristic construction of the Latvian language of Šventoji – person forms of the verb cienīt + infinitive – which corresponds to the Samogitian construction – person forms of the verb liuobėti + infinitive –, e.g., kaimiņi cienīja atiet. The article reveals that, at the beginning of the 21st century, another construction has been identified in the Latvian language of the younger generation of Šventoji – a construction of the verb ļubēt with an infinitive. There are three models of the construction: the verb ļubēt in past tense and infinitive, e.g., tad ļubēja visi liepājnieki sabraukt, the verb ļubēt in present tense and infinitive, e.g., tas vīrs arī ļub atbraukt, the verb ļubēt in future tense and infinitive, e.g., viņš vi sumit ļubēs atnākt pie mūs. This construction is a lithuanism that has been established in the Latvian language of Šventoji under the influence of the Samogitian dialect.

scholarly journals On findings of the red alga Gaillona rosea (Roth) Athanasiadis (Rhodophyta) in the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
A. A. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Russian Part ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Information on the first findings of Gaillona rosea (Roth) Athanasiadis 2016:814 (Aglaothamnion roseum (Roth) Maggs & L’Hardy-Halos 1933:522) in the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic is given. Samples of algae in the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic along the coast of the Kaliningrad region at depths of 1–15 m were collected by diving method on the north coast of the Sambian Peninsula near Cape Taran and Cape Gvardeysky at the stations confined to hard ground. First samples of G. rosea collected from drifting mats of perennial algae Furcellaria lumbricalis and Polysiphonia fucoides were first registered along the west and north coast of the Sambian Peninsula (Cape Taran) at depths of 1.5–7 m in autumn 2015. The finding of the species in 2015 on the west coast of the Sambian Peninsula is the first registration for the coast of the Gdansk Bay. In July 2016, the species was found in samples at Cape Taran at a depth of 0.5 m. The length of the thalli does not exceed 3 cm. The species was registered with F. lumbricalis and P. fucoides, both in attached communities and in drifting mats. G. rosea is quite common in the Baltic Sea, with the exception of the Gdansk Bay and the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, where the salinity is low. There is no data available on the abundance of the species in the adjacent Lithuanian waters. The species is rarely registered in the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic, and therefore G. rosea is rare in the entire South-Eastern Baltic Sea.

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