Surface modifications of Ti6Al4V by a picosecond Nd:YAG laser

AbstractInteraction of a Nd:YAG laser, operating at wavelengths of 1064 nm (23.6 J cm−2 fluence) or 532 nm (25.9 J cm−2 fluence), and pulse duration of 40 ps, with a titanium-based medical implant Ti6Al4V alloy was studied. Surface damage thresholds were estimated to be 0.9 J cm−2 and 0.25 J cm−2 at laser wavelengths 1064 nm and 532 nm, respectively. At both laser wavelengths, the energy absorbed was mostly converted into thermal energy, forming craters, albeit about 50 times deeper at 1064 nm than at 532 nm. Periodic surface structures (PSS) were also formed with both laser wavelengths, concentric, and radial at micrometer scale (3 µm to 15 µm period), parallel at nanometer scale (800 nm period with the 1064 nm laser, 400 nm with the 532 nm laser). In the case of the 532 nm laser, the concentric structures enlarge their period with accumulating laser pulse count. These features can help roughening of the implant surface and improve bio-compatibility.

Download Full-text

The Synergistic Effect of Leukocyte Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Micrometer/Nanometer Surface Texturing on Bone Healing around Immediately Placed Implants: An Experimental Study in Dogs

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9507342 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rodrigo F. Neiva ◽

Luiz Fernando Gil ◽

Nick Tovar ◽

Malvin N. Janal ◽

Heloisa Fonseca Marao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Healing ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Surface Texturing ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Nanometer Scale ◽

Textured Surface ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Mixed Model Anova ◽

Micrometer Scale

Aims. This study evaluated the effects of L-PRF presence and implant surface texture on bone healing around immediately placed implants.Methods. The first mandibular molars of 8 beagle dogs were bilaterally extracted, and implants (Blossom™, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL) were placed in the mesial or distal extraction sockets in an interpolated fashion per animal. Two implant surfaces were distributed per sockets: (1) dual acid-etched (DAE, micrometer scale textured) and (2) micrometer/nanometer scale textured (Ossean™ surface). L-PRF (Intraspin system, Intra-Lock International) was placed in a split-mouth design to fill the macrogap between implant and socket walls on one side of the mandible. The contralateral side received implants without L-PRF. A mixed-model ANOVA (atα=0.05) evaluated the effect of implant surface, presence of L-PRF, and socket position (mesial or distal), individually or in combination on bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO).Results. BAFO values were significantly higher for the Ossean relative to the DAE surface on the larger mesial socket. The presence of L-PRF resulted in higher BAFO. The Ossean surface and L-PRF presence resulted in significantly higher BAFO.Conclusion.L-PRF and the micro-/nanometer scale textured surface resulted in increased bone formation around immediately placed implants.

Download Full-text

Superficial changes on the Inconel 600 superalloy by picosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064, 532, and 266 nm: Comparative study

Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.1017/s0263034611000899 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Stašić ◽

B. Gaković ◽

M. Trtica ◽

T. Desai ◽

L. Volpe

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Surface Damage ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

Laser Wavelength ◽

Ultrashort Laser Pulses ◽

Periodic Surface ◽

Inconel 600 ◽

Hydrodynamic Effects ◽

Ultrashort Laser

AbstractA comparative study of superficial changes on the superalloy Inconel 600, induced by a picosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064, 532, and 266 nm, is presented. All of the laser wavelengths, as well as the used fluences of 2.5 (1064 nm), 4.3 (532 nm), and 0.6 J/cm2 (266 nm) were found to be adequate for inducing surface variations. Quite different surface features were produced depending on the laser wavelength used. The measured surface damage thresholds were 0.25, 0.13 and 0.10 J/cm2 for 1064, 532, and 266 nm, respectively. Drastic differences, in function of the wavelength used, were recorded for the crater depths, as well the appearance of hydrodynamic effects and periodic surface structures. Differences in crater depths were explained via an easier propagation of the first harmonic laser radiation (1064 nm) through the ejected material and plasma compared to a radiation at 532 and 266 nm. Finally, changes in the surface oxygen content caused by ultrashort laser pulses were considered.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Dental Implant Surface Modifications on Osseointegration and Biofilm Formation

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1641

Author(s):

Stefanie Kligman ◽

Zhi Ren ◽

Chun-Hsi Chung ◽

Michael Angelo Perillo ◽

Yu-Cheng Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Oral Rehabilitation ◽

Surface Design ◽

Polyether Ether Ketone ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

The Impact

Implant surface design has evolved to meet oral rehabilitation challenges in both healthy and compromised bone. For example, to conquer the most common dental implant-related complications, peri-implantitis, and subsequent implant loss, implant surfaces have been modified to introduce desired properties to a dental implant and thus increase the implant success rate and expand their indications. Until now, a diversity of implant surface modifications, including different physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been applied to a broad range of materials, such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone, to achieve these goals. Ideal modifications enhance the interaction between the implant’s surface and its surrounding bone which will facilitate osseointegration while minimizing the bacterial colonization to reduce the risk of biofilm formation. This review article aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation, which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation.

Download Full-text

Calcium Phosphate-Coated Titanium Implants in the Mandible: Limitations of the in vivo Minipig Model

European Surgical Research ◽

10.1159/000513846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 177-187

Author(s):

Till Kämmerer ◽

Tony Lesmeister ◽

Victor Palarie ◽

Eik Schiegnitz ◽

Andrea Schröter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

In Vivo Model ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Press Fit ◽

Endosseous Implant ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

Introduction: We aimed to compare implant osseointegration with calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces and rough subtractive-treated sandblasted/acid etched surfaces (SA) in an in vivo minipig mandible model. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 cylindrical press-fit implants with two different surfaces (CaP, n = 18; SA, n = 18) were inserted bilaterally into the mandible of 9 adult female minipigs. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, we analyzed the cortical bone-to-implant contact (cBIC; %) and area coverage of bone-to-implant contact within representative bone chambers (aBIC; %). Results: After 2 weeks, CaP implants showed no significant increase in cBIC and aBIC compared to SA (cBIC: mean 38 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 11%; aBIC: mean 21 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 9%). Two CaP implants failed to achieve osseointegration. After 4 weeks, no statistical difference between CaP and SA was seen for cBIC (mean 54 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 16%) and aBIC (mean 43 ± 28 vs. 32 ± 6). However, we excluded two implants in each group due to failure of osseointegration. After 8 weeks, we observed no significant intergroup differences (cBIC: 18 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 20%; aBIC: 13 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9%). Again, three CaP implants and two SA implants had to be excluded due to failure of osseointegration. Conclusion: Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

Download Full-text