The use of the gas-test technique for predicting the feeding value of forage plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
M. Chenost ◽  
F. Deverre ◽  
J. Aufrère ◽  
C. Demarquilly
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Range Of Variation

The ‘gas test’ technique (Menke and Steingass, 1988) is becoming popular for predicting the feeding value of forages. However the relationships observed by Khazaal et al. (1995) between in vivo data and prediction measurements on grasses and legume hays were less good with the gas test technique than with the in situ technique. The present results are part of the work undertaken at the laboratory with the aim of improving the accuracy of the technique on various types of foods (Chenost et al., 1997).Seventy-nine forages (24 green (G) grasses, 38 grass hays (H), five G lucernes and 12 lucerne H) of known in vivo organic matter apparent digestibility (OMD) out of which 45 (17 G grasses, 16 grass H, five G lucernes and seven lucerne H) of known voluntary dry-matter intake (DMI), both measured with sheep, were chosen based on the range of variation of their OMD (from 0-490 to 0-808) and of their crude protein content (CP from 48 to 253 g/kg DM).

Green Pinus radiata needles as a feed for sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Summer Pasture

Various combinations of cereal chaff and Pinus radiata needles were fed to penned sheep in three experiments. The in vivo digestibility of green needles was estimated to be 36%. Intakes of needles were variable and increased to more than 50% of the total dry matter intake if the chaff component of the diet was restricted to 25% of normal intake. Under these conditions, the needles made a useful contribution to the diet and reduced rates of liveweight loss.The feeding value of pine needles may decrease by about 30% as they age but that of fresh young needles can be greater than those of late summer pasture residues. Therefore, if kept ungrazed for in situ consumption in summer or during drought, when pasture residues are not able to maintain sheep, green pine needles can be valuable either as a substitute for pasture or as a partial supplement.

The feeding value of normal and brown midrib-3 maize silage

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Weller ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value

SUMMARYNormal and brown midrib-3 (bm3) maize silages were fed to sheep, lactating cows and dairy calves to determine the effect of the bm3 gene on in vivo digestibility, dry-matter intake and animal performance.In two trials wether sheep were fed either normal or bm3 maize silage at maintenance level. In the first experiment the bm3 gene significantly increased the digestibility of the organic matter(OM), cell wall constituents (CWC), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose from 76·9, 74·7, 67·3, 74·2 and 79·5% to 79·6, 79·2, 75·8, 80·8 and 81·5%. In the second experiment the gene increased the digestibility of the OM, CWC, ADF and cellulose from 65·9, 44·7, 28·5 and 38·7% to 701, 59·3, 560 and 66·1, 39·1,32·8, 40·4 and 45·5% to 68·1, 51·9, 53·7, 58·0 and 49·2%. The digestibility of the protein was similar for both diets.In a feeding trial 6-month-old calves were fed either normal or bm3 silage ad libitum together with 1·6 kg D.M. of a protein supplement. The dry-matter intake of the two silages was similar; however, the daily live-weight gain of 0·92 kg for calves fed the bm3 diet was significantly higher than the 0·83 kg for calves fed the normal diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultured Yeast Supplementation on Growing Kids Fed With Napier Grass-Concentrate Ration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mark Abela ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ruminal Fluid

An In vivo experiment was conducted to assess the effects of live yeast supplementation on the performance of six-month-old young goats. Specifically, it investigated the effects of cultured yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation of the dry matter intake, growth performance, fluctuation in ruminal fluid pH and rumen bacterial count, as well as on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration. The addition of cultured yeast at two grams/ 10 mL distilled water generally increased dry matter intake and weight gain of the young goats, but did not significantly affected bacterial count and ruminal fluid pH. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration increased with the addition of cultured yeast. Yeast supplementation of one gram/ 10 mL distilled water enhaced nutrient intake and utilization of the napier grass-concentrate ration.

Feeding value for lambs of rapeseed meal arising from biodiesel production

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
K. Stanford ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
M. J. T. Reaney ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Soluble Protein Fraction ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

AbstractMeals prepared from low glucosinolate rapeseed screenings (SCREEN) and from seed which had heated during storage (HEAT) were compared against commercial rapeseed meal (COM) for feeding value. Oil, crude protein (CP) and acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen contents in SCREEN, HEAT and COM, respectively, were (g/kg): 118, 246 and 13; 227, 315 and 436; and 17, 64 and 21.in situdry matter (DM) and protein disappearance rates, soluble protein fraction and effective rumen degradability of protein (EDCP) were lower (P< 0·05) in HEAT than in SCREEN or COM. Comparing oil-extracted meals in situ, EDCP of HEAT was lower (P< 0·05) than EDCP of SCREEN or COM but protein and DM disappearance rates of HEAT were only lower (P< 0·05) than those of SCREEN. Four isonitrogenous barley-based diets (150 g/kg CP, DM basis), containing SCREEN, HEAT, COM or COM supplemented with rapeseed oil (OIL), were given to lambs. For DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre apparent digestibilities, the diets ranked SCREEN > HEAT = OIL > COM (P< 0·05). Digestion and retention of nitrogen were lower (P< 0·05) in lambs given HEAT than in lambs given other diets. Food efficiency of lambs given HEAT was improved (P< 0·05) as compared with lambs given SCREEN or COM. Dressing proportions were higher (P< 0·05) with HEAT, SCREEN and OIL diets than with COM. Other than minor changes in fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat with HEAT and OIL, carcass traits were not altered by treatment. Feeding SCREEN or HEAT did not adversely affect animal performance or food utilization.

THE EFFECTS OF ADVANCING MATURITY ON CRUDE PROTEIN AND DIGESTIBILITY OF MEADOW FOXTAIL (Alopecurus pratensis) AND TIMOTHY (Phleum pratense)

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWEN WALDIE ◽  
S. B. M. WRIGHT ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The crude protein content (CP %) and in vivo digestibilities of dry matter (DMD %) and protein (PD %) were determined on freshly cut monocultures of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) from 19 June to 23 Aug. at Prince George, British Columbia. CP, DMD and PD declined significantly with advancing maturity for both grasses.Key words: Meadow foxtail, timothy, protein, digestibility

A note on the amino acid composition of the protein in heather shoots

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Moran ◽  
J. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
Matter Basis

The composition and feeding value of the common heather has been extensively studied by Thomas et al. (1934, 1935, 1953, 1955, 1956). He has shown that as the heather ages the protein content declines. Thus, samples from 2-year-old growths had a crude protein content (on a dry-matter basis) of 11·9% while that of growths 8 years old was 6·5–6·9%. Little or no information, however, appears to be available on the quality of heather protein, as judged by its amino acid composition.

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. II. Dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis

The effects were determined of the inclusion of a legume (Leucaena leucocephala or Stylosanthes guianensis) at the rate of 10,20 or 40% of the dry matter, as a complement to tropical grass hay containing Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Dicanthium annulatum, on the dry matter intake (DMI), and on in vivo digestibility of the dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), crude protein (CPD) and acid detergent fiber (ADFD). Dry matter and nutrient digestibility was measured with the total collection technique using lambs in individual pens. Dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.05) as the proportion of legume in the diets increased (1.00, 1.30 and 1.46% kg/d at 10, 20 and 40% of legume, respectively). Between the two legume species evaluated, DMI was greater in animals fed with Stylosanthes guianensis (1.30 kg/d) than ¡n animals fed with Leucaena leucocephala (1.16 kg/d). There were significant differences between the legume species in digestibility of the main feed components except crude protein. The mean values obtained for the diets with Leucaena leucocephala and Stylosanthes guianensis were DMD, 61.88 and 59.36; CPD, 71.37 and 70.26; NDFD, 62.57 and 58.33; and ADFD, 47.71 and 41.48%, respectively.There were no effects on digestibility when the legumes were added at 10 or 20% of the dry matter (means: DMD, 59.3; CPD, 70.5; NDFD, 59.1; and ADFD, 43.0%). However, when the legume constituted 40% of the dry matter, there was an increase in DMD (63.8%), NDFD (63.5%) and ADFD (48 6%), but not in CPD (71.1%). It is concluded that the utilization of legume species, as a complement to grass in diets for ruminants, can improve the productive performance because of increased intake of total digestible nutrients.

Estimation of intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass from in situ parameters measured in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Ferri ◽  
V. V. Jouve ◽  
N. P. Stritzler ◽  
H. J. Petruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractThe voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum cv. Verde) were measured in seven periods, comprising one full year. The forage was offered twice a day ad libitum to seven rams, fitted with faeces collection bags; each experimental period was composed of 8 days for adaptation and 8 days for collection of data. The dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) varied from 36·1 to 64·9 glkg M075, the digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI), from 17·4 to 41·9 glkg M0·75 and the in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD), from 0·471 to 0·667.Daily samples of offered forage were taken and pooled subsamples from each of the seven periods were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three Hereford steers. The data were fitted to the exponential equation: p = a + b (1-e-ct) to estimate p (the proportionate loss of DM at time t of incubation); effective degradability (ED) and lag time (L) were also estimated.The parameters obtained in situ were related to the in vivo results by simple and multiple regression. The correlation coefficients of the rate of degradation (c) and ED with DMI, DDMI and DMD were, respectively, 096 and 0·97; 0·97 and 0·96; 0·86 and 0·88. By including a, b, c and L into a multiple regression analysis, the coefficients of determination (R2) were: DMI: 0·99; DDMI: 0·99 and DMD: 0·91. Within the conditions of this study, the parameters obtained in situ were reasonable estimators of voluntary intake and apparent digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding barley or corn silage with dry-rolled barley, corn, or a blend of barley and corn grain on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and nitrogen balance for finishing beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Brittney D Sutherland ◽  
John J McKinnon ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Gregory B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
In Situ Degradation

Abstract Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the effects of cereal silage (barley vs. corn), cereal grain (barley vs. corn vs. a 50:50 blend of barley and corn), and their interaction (S × G) on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and in situ degradation. Corn silage (CS) or barley silage (BS) was included at 8% of dietary dry matter (DM). Within each silage source, diets contained (DM basis) either dry-rolled barley (BG; 86%), dry-rolled corn (CG; 85%), or an equal blend of barley and corn (BLEND; 85%). Periods were 25 d, with 5 d of dietary transition, 13 d of dietary adaptation, and 7 d of data and sample collection. Samples collected included feed and refusals, total urine and feces, and ruminal fluid. All data were analyzed using the Mixed model of SAS with the fixed effects of silage, grain, and the S × G. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.19) and mean ruminal pH (P ≥ 0.096) were not affected by the silage, grain, or S × G. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greater for BLEND than BG or CG (grain, P = 0.003) and for CS (silage, P = 0.009) relative to BS. The molar proportion of acetate was greater for BS-BG and BS-CG (S × G, P &lt; 0.001), while molar proportion of propionate was greater for CS-BG (S × G, P &lt; 0.001) relative to other silage and grain source combinations. Rumen ammonia-N concentration was greater for CG than BG, or BLEND (grain, P &lt; 0.001), and greater for CS compared to BS (silage, P = 0.023). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and gross energy were greatest for BG (grain, P ≤ 0.035). Digestible energy content (Mcal/kg) was greater for BG (grain, P = 0.029) than CG and BLEND. Total nitrogen retention (g/d and % of intake) was greatest for CS-BG (S × G, P ≤ 0.033) relative to all other treatments. In situ degradation rates of DM, crude protein, and starch were greater for BG than CG (P ≤ 0.004). The potentially degradable fraction of DM, crude protein, and starch was greater for CG (P ≤ 0.031), while the undegradable fraction was greater for BG (P ≤ 0.046). For silage sources, CS had greater 24 h in situ DM digestibility (P = 0.009) and starch digestibility (24, 48, and 72 h incubations, P ≤ 0.034) relative to BS. Results suggest that while feeding a combination of CS and BG promotes propionate production and greater N retention; few other additive effects were observed.

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