TRYGVE HAAVELMO’S EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY AND SCENARIO ANALYSIS IN A COINTEGRATED VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hoover ◽  
Katarina Juselius
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Probability Approach ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Shed Light

The paper provides a careful, analytical account of Trygve Haavelmo’s use of the analogy between controlled experiments common in the natural sciences and econometric techniques. The experimental analogy forms the linchpin of the methodology for passive observation that he develops in his famous monograph,The Probability Approach in Econometrics(1944). Contrary to some recent interpretations of Haavelmo’s method, the experimental analogy does not commit Haavelmo to a strong apriorism in which econometrics can only test and reject theoretical hypotheses, rather it supports the acquisition of knowledge through a two-way exchange between theory and empirical evidence. Once the details of the analogy are systematically understood, the experimental analogy can be used to shed light on theory-consistent cointegrated vector autoregression (CVAR) scenario analyses. A CVAR scenario analysis can be interpreted as a clear example of Haavelmo’s ‘experimental’ approach; and, in turn, it can be shown to extend and develop Haavelmo’s methodology and to address issues that Haavelmo regarded as unresolved.

scholarly journals Phenomenology and Experimental Psychology: On the Prospects and Limitations of Experimental Research for a Phenomenological Epistemology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Berghofer
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Transcendental Phenomenology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Phenomenological Conception

AbstractHusserl’s transcendental phenomenology is first and foremost a science of the structures of consciousness. Since it is intended to yield eidetic, i. e., a priori insights, it is often assumed that transcendental phenomenology and the natural sciences are totally detached from each other such that phenomenological investigations cannot possibly benefit from empirical evidence. The aim of this paper is to show that a beneficial relationship is possible. To be more precise, I will show how Husserl’s a priori investigations on consciousness can be supplemented by research in experimental psychology in order to tackle fundamental questions in epistemology. Our result will be a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that is in accordance with and supported by empirical phenomena such as perceptual learning and the phenomenon of blindsight. Finally, I shall shed light on the systematic limits of empirical research.

Working Women’s Decision-Making Power at Home: Evidence from Four North Indian Urban Clusters

Urbanisation ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 245574712110258
Author(s):  
Megan Maxwell ◽  
Milan Vaishnav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Shed Light

Do working women enjoy greater levels of human agency? While the theoretical foundations underlying this connection are clear, the empirical evidence is quite mixed. We leverage detailed, new data on intra-household decision-making and labour market behaviour from four north Indian urban clusters to shed light on this question. We find that women who work exercise greater say in important decisions around the home. However, this ‘work advantage’ exhibits significant heterogeneity across decision types, decision-making domains, and definitions of work.

scholarly journals The Mode Heuristic in Service Consumers’ Interpretations of Online Rating Distributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109467052110124
Author(s):  
Sarah Köcher ◽  
Sören Köcher
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Volume Average ◽  
Online Rating ◽  
Process Level ◽  
Shed Light

In this article, the authors demonstrate a tendency among consumers to use the arithmetic mode as a heuristic basis when drawing inferences from graphical displays of online rating distributions in such a way that service evaluations inferred from rating distributions systematically vary by the location of the mode. The rationale underlying this phenomenon is that the mode (i.e., the most frequent rating which is represented by the tallest bar in a graphical display) attracts consumers’ attention because of its visual salience and is thus disproportionately weighted when they draw conclusions. Across a series of eight studies, the authors provide strong empirical evidence for the existence of the mode heuristic, shed light on this phenomenon at the process level, and demonstrate how consumers’ inferences based on the mode heuristic depend on the visual salience of the mode. Together, the findings of these studies contribute to a better understanding of how service customers process and interpret graphical illustrations of online rating distributions and provide companies with a new key figure that—aside from rating volume, average ratings, and rating dispersion—should be incorporated in the monitoring, analyzing, and evaluating of review data.

An Experimental Approach to the Design of PVDF Modal Sensors

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cuhat ◽  
Patricia Davies
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Piezoelectric Film ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
Arbitrary Boundary ◽  
Classical Boundary ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

Abstract The principle of modal sensing is based on the use of a shaped PVDF piezoelectric film measuring strains on the surface of a bending beam and acting as a modal filter. So far, the use of this type of sensors has remained confined to studies involving uniform structures with classical boundary conditions. The goal of this paper is to present an experimental methodology for the design of a shaped modal sensor applicable to an non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam with arbitrary boundary conditions. This approach is illustrated with test data collected on a cantilever beam structure with a laser Doppler velocimeter.

scholarly journals Leadership styles and relational energy: Do all leaderships styles generate and transmit equal relational energy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okechukwu E. Amah
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Training

Background: Despite the espoused importance of relational energy, and the fact that it is generated in interaction between leaders and their subordinates, little is known about which leadership style generates the highest relational energy.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in the levels of relational energy generated and transmitted when employees interact with leaders who exhibit autocratic, transactional, transformational and servant leadership styles.Method: The study utilised scenario-based experimental methodology to gather data. Five leadership experts reviewed the description of each leadership style prior to use in the study. A pilot study was carried out with 40 executive education participants to establish that the description of each leadership style was different and identifiable by non-experts. Fifty-two executive Master of Business Administration (MBA) participants from various organisations in six industries in Lagos, Nigeria, provided data for the scenario analysis. To avoid errors, the data for each style were collected separately. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test.Results: The results of the scenario analysis showed that indeed there is a difference in the relational energy generated when employees interact with different leadership styles.Conclusion: The results have practical implications for the selection and training of individuals to be placed in leadership positions. Leadership selection and training must emphasise servant leadership. This is the first study to empirically establish that different leadership styles generate and transmit different levels of relational energy during interaction with employees.

scholarly journals Vertical Integration and Firm Boundaries: The Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Lafontaine ◽  
Margaret Slade
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Firm Boundaries ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Shed Light

Since Ronald H. Coase's (1937) seminal paper, a rich set of theories has been developed that deal with firm boundaries in vertical or input–output structures. In the last twenty-five years, empirical evidence that can shed light on those theories also has been accumulating. We review the findings of empirical studies that have addressed two main interrelated questions: First, what types of transactions are best brought within the firm and, second, what are the consequences of vertical integration decisions for economic outcomes such as prices, quantities, investment, and profits. Throughout, we highlight areas of potential cross-fertilization and promising areas for future work.

scholarly journals Prosodic independence of affixes in Brazilian Portuguese: an experimental approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Ulrich ◽  
Luiz Carlos Schwindt
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Stressed Position

We argue that Brazilian Portuguese (BP) affixes can be divided in (at least) two groups according to their prosodic behavior: true affixes are prosodically integrated to the base, while compositional affixes are considered independent prosodic words. Aiming to find empirical evidence to sustain this distintion, we investigate two questions: (i) Can we find acoustic patterns in derived words to differentiate true and compositional affixes? (ii) Are there psycholinguistic evidence to sustain that these two groups are accessed differently in our lexicon?. In order to answer these questions, we developed two experimental paradigms. The first one is an acoustic analysis which compares duration in syllables and V-V units of derived words. In this experiment, syllables showed increase in duration towards the stressed position for all conditions, while V-V units seem to differentiate the two types of morphological formations. The second one is an eye tracking experiment with lexical decision task to describe fixations, saccades and level of accuracy in derived words and nonce words. Our main results show that compositional words presented longer total time of fixation in the eye tracking analysis and longer and less accurate answers in the lexical decision task, what sustains the hypothesis that the two categories behave differently. 

scholarly journals Societal Green Economy and its Impact on Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Amna Hussain Sabree Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Target Area ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
New City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The research uses a descriptive experimental methodology based on the study of the experiences of countries to benefit from them as an applied method of transition to the green economy in the project of a new city in Samawah. The use of analyzing developmental potentials method, the SWOT model and the spatial interaction of the reality of the situation Using modern GIS technologies have also been employed. The first section dealt with the conceptual framework of the green economy and its importance and comparison with the conventional economy, sustainable development, its goals and the obstacles it faces in attempting to understand the relationship between them and extract indicators, as well as shed light on the challenges facing the transition to a green economy and the achievement of sustainable development. Then, in the third section, the study shall be carried out in such a way as to develop the potential for the reality of the situation in the target area and to employ them to achieve the desired results a for the establishment of the proposed city in Samawah.

Syntactic Cartography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ur Shlonsky ◽  
Giuliano Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Comparative Syntax ◽  
Functional Hierarchy ◽  
Shed Light

Syntactic cartography emerged in the 1990s as a result of the growing consensus in the field about the central role played by functional elements and by morphosyntactic features in syntax. The declared aim of this research direction is to draw maps of the structures of syntactic constituents, characterize their functional structure, and study the array and hierarchy of syntactically relevant features. Syntactic cartography has made significant empirical discoveries, and its methodology has been very influential in research in comparative syntax and morphosyntax. A central theme in current cartographic research concerns the source of the emerging featural/structural hierarchies. The idea that the functional hierarchy is not a primitive of Universal Grammar but derives from other principles does not undermine the scientific relevance of the study of the cartographic structures. On the contrary, the cartographic research aims at providing empirical evidence that may help answer these questions about the source of the hierarchy and shed light on how the computational principles and requirements of the interface with sound and meaning interact.

Does Mandatory Retrospective Hedge Effectiveness Assessment under ASC 815 Provide Risk-Relevant Information?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Zhihong Chen ◽  
Alfred Zhu Liu ◽  
Gim S. Seow ◽  
Hong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment ◽  
Shed Light

SYNOPSIS Current accounting standards permit special accounting treatment of derivatives used for hedging purposes. However, the requirement to perform periodic, retrospective assessments of hedge effectiveness and to disclose a quantitative accounting measure of hedge ineffectiveness (AMHI) for such derivatives has been controversial. In response to concerns over the compliance costs of this requirement, the FASB removed this requirement in the recently effective ASU 2017-12. However, this change was made with little empirical evidence on the benefits of retrospective effectiveness assessment and quantitative disclosure of AMHI. We document one potential benefit of this requirement to investors by providing initial evidence that (1) AMHI is positively associated with an array of concurrent market- and accounting-based risk measures and (2) investors react negatively to large AMHIs and related disclosures upon 10-K filings. Our findings suggest that this requirement can provide investors with risk-relevant information and shed light on its potential usefulness.

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