scholarly journals Vertical Integration and Firm Boundaries: The Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Lafontaine ◽  
Margaret Slade
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Firm Boundaries ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Shed Light

Since Ronald H. Coase's (1937) seminal paper, a rich set of theories has been developed that deal with firm boundaries in vertical or input–output structures. In the last twenty-five years, empirical evidence that can shed light on those theories also has been accumulating. We review the findings of empirical studies that have addressed two main interrelated questions: First, what types of transactions are best brought within the firm and, second, what are the consequences of vertical integration decisions for economic outcomes such as prices, quantities, investment, and profits. Throughout, we highlight areas of potential cross-fertilization and promising areas for future work.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

Acquiring “Knowledge”—An Alternative Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Baz
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
First Language ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Method Of Cases ◽  
Striking Fact

The chapter argues that empirical studies of first-language acquisition lend support to the Wittgensteinian-Merleau-Pontian conception of language as against the prevailing conception that underwrites the method of cases in either its armchair or experimental version. It offers a non-representationalist model, inspired by the work of Michael Tomasello, for the acquisition of “knowledge,” with the aim of showing that we could fully account for the acquisition of this and other philosophically troublesome words without positing independently existing “items” to which these words refer. The chapter also aims at bringing out and underscoring the striking fact that, whereas many in contemporary analytic philosophy regard and present themselves as open and attentive to empirical science, they have often relied on a conception of language that has been supported by no empirical evidence.

Working Women’s Decision-Making Power at Home: Evidence from Four North Indian Urban Clusters

Urbanisation ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 245574712110258
Author(s):  
Megan Maxwell ◽  
Milan Vaishnav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Shed Light

Do working women enjoy greater levels of human agency? While the theoretical foundations underlying this connection are clear, the empirical evidence is quite mixed. We leverage detailed, new data on intra-household decision-making and labour market behaviour from four north Indian urban clusters to shed light on this question. We find that women who work exercise greater say in important decisions around the home. However, this ‘work advantage’ exhibits significant heterogeneity across decision types, decision-making domains, and definitions of work.

scholarly journals The Mode Heuristic in Service Consumers’ Interpretations of Online Rating Distributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109467052110124
Author(s):  
Sarah Köcher ◽  
Sören Köcher
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Volume Average ◽  
Online Rating ◽  
Process Level ◽  
Shed Light

In this article, the authors demonstrate a tendency among consumers to use the arithmetic mode as a heuristic basis when drawing inferences from graphical displays of online rating distributions in such a way that service evaluations inferred from rating distributions systematically vary by the location of the mode. The rationale underlying this phenomenon is that the mode (i.e., the most frequent rating which is represented by the tallest bar in a graphical display) attracts consumers’ attention because of its visual salience and is thus disproportionately weighted when they draw conclusions. Across a series of eight studies, the authors provide strong empirical evidence for the existence of the mode heuristic, shed light on this phenomenon at the process level, and demonstrate how consumers’ inferences based on the mode heuristic depend on the visual salience of the mode. Together, the findings of these studies contribute to a better understanding of how service customers process and interpret graphical illustrations of online rating distributions and provide companies with a new key figure that—aside from rating volume, average ratings, and rating dispersion—should be incorporated in the monitoring, analyzing, and evaluating of review data.

The Relationship Between Proof and Certainty in Mathematical Practice

2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
The Relationship

Many mathematics educators believe a goal of instruction is for students to obtain conviction and certainty in mathematical statements using the same types of evidence that mathematicians do. However, few empirical studies have examined how mathematicians use proofs to obtain conviction and certainty. We report on a study in which 16 advanced mathematics doctoral students were given a task-based interview in which they were presented with various sources of evidence in support of a specific mathematical claim and were asked how convinced they were that the claim was true after reviewing this evidence. In particular, we explore why our participants retained doubts about our claim after reading its proof and how they used empirical evidence to reduce those doubts.

scholarly journals Diversity–disturbance relationships: frequency and intensity interact

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. Hall ◽  
Adam D. Miller ◽  
Helen C. Leggett ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Angus Buckling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Disturbance Frequency ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Disturbance Hypothesis

An influential ecological theory, the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), predicts that intermediate levels of disturbance will maximize species diversity. Empirical studies, however, have described a wide variety of diversity–disturbance relationships (DDRs). Using experimental populations of microbes, we show that the form of the DDR depends on an interaction between disturbance frequency and intensity. We find that diversity shows a monotonically increasing, unimodal or flat relationship with disturbance, depending on the values of the disturbance aspects considered. These results confirm recent theoretical predictions, and potentially reconcile the conflicting body of empirical evidence on DDRs.

The Aftermath of Suicide: A Review of Empirical Evidence

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Survivors Of Suicide ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Grief Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The empirical studies on mourning after suicide were evaluated systematically with the aid of a descriptive model of grief. The starting point in the formulation of this model is the assumption that the bereaved are active in their processing of the loss. The current stages and component theories are rejected on the grounds of empirical contra-evidence and theoretical considerations. Instead, a framework of tasks of bereavement is presented in which the essential tasks confronting survivors in their adaption to the loss are formulated: detachment of the deceased, preserving a satisfactory self-image, and keeping in contact with people who can be of support during the grief process. An examination is made of what is known about the situation of survivors of suicide in this respect. Grief after suicide appears to differ on a number of qualitative aspects from grief after other causes of death. These differences probably do not, however, lead to an atypical mourning process. Generally speaking, the grief process seems to show the same course and main features as those occurring after other types of death, especially after sudden unnatural death. It can be concluded from the literature reviewed that there is no empirical evidence to support the popular notion that survivors of suicide show more pathological reactions, a more complicated and prolonged grief process, than other survivor groups.

scholarly journals Predators as Agents of Selection and Diversification

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Jerald B. Johnson ◽  
Mark C. Belk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Multiple Predator Species ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Future Work

Predation is ubiquitous in nature and can be an important component of both ecological and evolutionary interactions. One of the most striking features of predators is how often they cause evolutionary diversification in natural systems. Here, we review several ways that this can occur, exploring empirical evidence and suggesting promising areas for future work. We also introduce several papers recently accepted in Diversity that demonstrate just how important and varied predation can be as an agent of natural selection. We conclude that there is still much to be done in this field, especially in areas where multiple predator species prey upon common prey, in certain taxonomic groups where we still know very little, and in an overall effort to actually quantify mortality rates and the strength of natural selection in the wild.

scholarly journals Distinctive Capabilities and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysian SMEs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairuddin Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Strategic Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Functional Areas

Despite the general notion that distinctive capabilities are crucial to the success affirms, empirical studies that focused on this strategic variable in SMEs remains limited. This study seeks to address this research issue by empirically investigating 100 SMEs in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The findings of the study suggest that the SMEs studied established capabilities in several business functional areas. In addition, the results of the correlations indicate statistically significant positive relationship between distinctive capabilities and the performance of the SMEs in this study.  

scholarly journals Exploring market failures in open innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola Hewitt-Dundas ◽  
Stephen Roper
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance

There is now considerable empirical evidence demonstrating the innovation and performance benefits that accrue to firms engaging in open innovation (OI). Here, we use novel data on micro-businesses to show that the average level of engagement in OI falls well below the optimal level, a finding that reflects that of other empirical studies. We identify and examine three market failures which may help to explain this result. These relate to a lack of understanding of the potential benefits of OI by firms, a lack of information about the capabilities of potential partners and a lack of information about the trustworthiness of potential partners. Our findings provide evidence that policy initiatives designed to offset these information failures are likely to increase the range of partners with which firms engage with significant benefits for innovation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document