Trends and internal dynamics of illegitimacy in north-west Spain: rural Galicia, 1570–1899

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
ISIDRO DUBERT
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Structure Population ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Illegitimate Child ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Over Time

AbstractGalicia is a region located in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, where, historically, illegitimacy was often high compared with levels elsewhere in Europe. At the same time, Galicia's coastal and inland areas have always differed greatly in terms of farming structure, population growth, migration patterns, family types and inheritance systems. The aim of this article is to establish to what extent the trends in and levels of illegitimacy between 1570 and 1899 were influenced by these different historical contexts. It also offers an in-depth examination of unmarried mothers, showing that the trend towards bearing more than one illegitimate child rose over time. Ultimately, the article argues that illegitimacy is best studied at a local or regional level, rather than at the macro level that historians have often employed elsewhere in Europe.

SEDIMENTARY PROVENANCE STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN BASINS USING NEODYMIUM MODEL AGES

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
D. J. Whitford ◽  
P.J. Hamilton ◽  
J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Basin Evolution ◽  
North West ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Earth’S Mantle ◽  
The North ◽  
Sedimentary Provenance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Eromanga Basin

An understanding of the tinting of basin evolution is fundamental to the development of successful play concepts. The Sm-Nd geochronometer can be used to determine quantitatively the `average' age at which segments of continental crust have been extracted from the earth's mantle. Variations in Nd model ages within sedimentary rock sequences indicate changes in sedimentary provenance over time and provide a potential correlation tool.In the Eromanga Basin, there is a distinct lithological contrast between the main reservoir unit, the Jurassic Hutton Sandstone, and the overlying Birkhead Formation. The quartz-rich Hutton Sandstone is characterised by relatively old Nd model ages, generally within the range 1.3–1.5 Ga. In contrast the lithic-rich Birkhead Formation has much younger model ages, generally Neodymium model ages measured in mudstones within the Flag Sandstone from the Harriet Field in the Barrow Sub-basin of the North West Shelf, range from 2.1–2.5 Ga. The old ages are consistent with the sediments being derived from the Archaean shield areas and the younger Proterozoic complexes of Western Australia. Tentative correlations based on model ages between mudstone units from two wells are consistent with correlations based on heavy mineral suites.Neodymium model ages have application to correlation at both regional and local scales within basins. Reliable information can be obtained on both sandstones and mudstones on samples as small 50 g. Potentially they can provide important quantitative information complementary to that derived from more conventional approaches.

Seasonal Migration Patterns of Postlarval and Juvenile Banana Prawns, Penaeus merguiensis de Man, in the Major Rivers of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Staples
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Generations

Samples of juvenile P. merguiensis taken from 20 major rivers around the Gulf of Carpentaria from 1970 to 1973 showed that the Gulf could be divided into four major areas, each characterized by its own seasonal pattern of postlarval immigration and emigration of juveniles. The main nursery areas for the Gulf, however, are the rivers along the east and south-east coasts (Cape Keerweer to Mornington Island) and the majority of prawns migrate from these rivers during the north-west monsoon period (November to February); the main recruitment into the commercial fishery, there- fore, occurs during a relatively confined period each year. Additional sampling in 1976-77 showed that although there have been recent changes in the temporal distribution of adult prawns as a result of increased fishing pressure, no major change in the temporal pattern of postlarval immigration has resulted. An hypothesis is presented in which the observed geographical differences in the seasonal migration patterns are explained with reference to a basic pattern involving two generations of P. merguiensis each year.

scholarly journals Modelling Local Patterns of Children Mortality. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lome-Hurtado ◽  
Jacques Lartigue Mendoza ◽  
Juan Carlos Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The number of death children at the international scale are still high, but with proper spatially-targeted health public policies this number could be reduced. In Mexico, children mortality is a particular health concern due to its alarming rate all throughout North America. The aims of this study are i) to model the change of children mortality risk at the municipality level, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time and (iii) to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities across time, using local trends of each municipality in Greater Mexico City. Methods: The study uses Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis to control for space-time patterns of data. This allow to model the geographical variation of the municipalities within the time span studied. Results: The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north, west, and some in the east; some of such municipalities show an increasing children mortality risk over time. The outcomes highlight some municipalities which show a medium risk currently but are likely to become high risk along the study period. Finally, the odds of children mortality risk illustrate a decreasing tendency over the 7-year framework. Conclusions: Identification of high-risk municipalities may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking out to reduce the incidence of children mortality, since it would provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.

scholarly journals The Development of Labial Clusters in the Aśokan Rock Edicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Yasuko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Over Time

The original range of consonant clusters in Indo-Aryan reduced significantly over time, developing into geminates, homorganic nasal-stop clusters, and sonorant-h clusters in Middle Indo-Aryan. Early Middle Indo-Aryan, as represented in the Aśokan inscriptions, however, still maintained the original clusters, or what appear to be transitional stages of the extensive changes. Salient among those cluster changes that are observed in the Aśokan inscriptions are the changes tm, tv> tp and dv > db in Girnār in the west; sm, sv > sp in Shāhbāzgaṛhī and Mānsehrā in the north-west; and mh > mbh in Kālsī in the north and in Dhaulī and Jaugaḍa in the east. The idiosyncratic nature of these changes lies in the development of a stop from m or v, where the more usual changes would be loss or assimilation of m after a stop and of v after a stop or a sibilant, while sm and hm would normally change to mh. This paper examines the manner assimilation of the “labial” clusters (that is, the clusters with m or v that normally do not incur assimilation of the adjacent consonant) in the Aśokan Rock Edicts. It discusses the conditions, the motivation, the course of the change of m/v to a labial stop, and the dialectal differences associated with this change.

scholarly journals Long-Term Influences of Stunting, Being Underweight, and Thinness on the Academic Performance of Primary School Girls: The NW-CHILD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8973
Author(s):  
Xonné Haywood ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
North West Province ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Over Time

Poor socio-economic status contributes to undernutrition which, in turn, can increase the risk of academic underachievement. This study wants to determine if stunting, being underweight, and thinness show long term relations with academic performance in primary school girls aged 6 to 13 in the North West province of South Africa. A randomized and stratified longitudinal research design including a baseline and two time-point measurements over seven school years was used. The sample included girls aged 6 to 13 years (N = 198) in the North West province of South Africa. Academic performance in the June school assessments and national and provincial assessments in grades 1, 4, and 7 were used to determine academic performance. Independent t-testing was used to determine differences between thinness, underweight and stunted girls as opposed to a reference group with no undernutrition indices. A repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment analyzed relations over time. Normal weight girls significantly outperformed stunted girls academically (p < 0.05) over time. Stunting had prolonged and significant negative influences on language, mathematics, and grade point average (p < 0.05). Early identification of undernutrition, especially stunting, is important for intervention and the implementation of timely prevention strategies, especially during early childhood years.

scholarly journals Developments in Animal Husbandry and Food Supply in Roman Germania Inferior

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Groot
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
Species Proportions ◽  
Over Time

The Roman province of Germania Inferior is characterized geographically by the river Rhine—the border of the Empire—and the forts along it. From the north-west to the south-east, there are significant differences in landscape and type of rural habitation. Whether these differences are also noticeable in animal husbandry forms the subject of this article. Are there any differences in species proportions and slaughter ages between the western and eastern parts of the province, and between urban, military, and rural sites? What does this say about farming and food supply? After presenting an overview of the zooarchaeological data from Germania Inferior, I shall discuss in detail one civitas—the civitas Batavorum, with the best known zooarchaeological dataset within the province. What changes in species proportions and cattle size can be detected over time from this civitas? Is there evidence for inter- and intra-site variability and changes in butchery methods? This article's further aim is to demonstrate what kind of questions a synthetic overview of zooarchaeological datasets can address.

REALISING EXPORT POTENTIAL AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: THE NORTH WEST CRESCENT OF ADELAIDE

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
T. MURPHY ◽  
D. GASTIN ◽  
N. PHILP ◽  
R. WICKRAMASEKERA
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Life Expectancy Heterogeneity and Pension Fairness: An Italian North-South Divide

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Culotta
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Transfer Mechanism ◽  
North West ◽  
Tax Subsidy ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Perspective ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Italian Territory ◽  
Over Time

This work documents a persistent life expectancy heterogeneity by gender and geography in Italy during the period 1995–2019. Based on deviations of life expectancy at age 65, it quantifies the implicit tax/subsidy mechanism triggered when pensions annuities are computed by adopting the same value of longevity for the whole population. The intensity of this transfer mechanism is then measured and projected over the decade 2020–2030. Results show that females are subsidized while males are taxed by around 10%. Differences by geography persist along the Italian territory. Since 1995 the macroarea of Mezzogiorno has been taxed by 2%, Center and North-West macroareas are being subsidized by around 1%, whereas North-East by 2%. The intensity of the mechanism, despite decreases over time, is higher among females since the year 2000. From a geographical perspective, the macroarea of Mezzogiorno shows the lowest intensity, but also the lowest reduction as compared to other macroareas. Projections indicate that the North-South divide in this implicit transfer mechanism will persist over the next decade.

scholarly journals SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGE of ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION ON TERRITORY of NORTH-WEST of UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasilivna Budnik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
North West ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

The direction of the trend of precipitation over time is an important characteristic for both theoretical and practical use. The presented study is devoted to the analysis of changes in the territory of the trend of precipitation over the year over time. At the present stage of climate change in the north-west of Ukraine, there is a general tendency to increase rainfall over the year. This trend is not the same across the territory and depends on the height and latitude of the area. The amount of precipitation varies both in space and in time, however, the distribution of the characteristics of the rains themselves (intensity, duration and others) continue to remain similar throughout the territory. The revealed features of changes in the amount of precipitation in space and time can be useful in studying the unevenness of wetting, forecasting floods, changes in erosion activity, etc.

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