scholarly journals Developments in Animal Husbandry and Food Supply in Roman Germania Inferior

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Groot
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
Species Proportions ◽  
Over Time

The Roman province of Germania Inferior is characterized geographically by the river Rhine—the border of the Empire—and the forts along it. From the north-west to the south-east, there are significant differences in landscape and type of rural habitation. Whether these differences are also noticeable in animal husbandry forms the subject of this article. Are there any differences in species proportions and slaughter ages between the western and eastern parts of the province, and between urban, military, and rural sites? What does this say about farming and food supply? After presenting an overview of the zooarchaeological data from Germania Inferior, I shall discuss in detail one civitas—the civitas Batavorum, with the best known zooarchaeological dataset within the province. What changes in species proportions and cattle size can be detected over time from this civitas? Is there evidence for inter- and intra-site variability and changes in butchery methods? This article's further aim is to demonstrate what kind of questions a synthetic overview of zooarchaeological datasets can address.

SEDIMENTARY PROVENANCE STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN BASINS USING NEODYMIUM MODEL AGES

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
D. J. Whitford ◽  
P.J. Hamilton ◽  
J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Basin Evolution ◽  
North West ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Earth’S Mantle ◽  
The North ◽  
Sedimentary Provenance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Eromanga Basin

An understanding of the tinting of basin evolution is fundamental to the development of successful play concepts. The Sm-Nd geochronometer can be used to determine quantitatively the `average' age at which segments of continental crust have been extracted from the earth's mantle. Variations in Nd model ages within sedimentary rock sequences indicate changes in sedimentary provenance over time and provide a potential correlation tool.In the Eromanga Basin, there is a distinct lithological contrast between the main reservoir unit, the Jurassic Hutton Sandstone, and the overlying Birkhead Formation. The quartz-rich Hutton Sandstone is characterised by relatively old Nd model ages, generally within the range 1.3–1.5 Ga. In contrast the lithic-rich Birkhead Formation has much younger model ages, generally Neodymium model ages measured in mudstones within the Flag Sandstone from the Harriet Field in the Barrow Sub-basin of the North West Shelf, range from 2.1–2.5 Ga. The old ages are consistent with the sediments being derived from the Archaean shield areas and the younger Proterozoic complexes of Western Australia. Tentative correlations based on model ages between mudstone units from two wells are consistent with correlations based on heavy mineral suites.Neodymium model ages have application to correlation at both regional and local scales within basins. Reliable information can be obtained on both sandstones and mudstones on samples as small 50 g. Potentially they can provide important quantitative information complementary to that derived from more conventional approaches.

Virgil's Location of Corythus

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
E. L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject

In a recent article JRS (1973), 68 f. Nicholas Horsfall sought to demonstrate that Corythus, which Virgil makes the original home of Dardanus (Aen. iii, 167 f.), should be identified with Tarquinii, some 50 miles north-west of Rome, on the coast of Etruria, rather than with Cortona, roughly twice as far away, to the north, and inland. In doing so he expressed surprise that the Virgilian evidence should have been completely ignored by previous writers on the subject (p. 68): and, using the Aeneid as the main source on which his own argument was based, he supported his conclusion with a careful examination of several other aspects of the problem.

The verb in northern Najdi Arabic

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Najdi Arabic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Pronouns

The dialects spoken in the Najd of Saudi Arabia have striking features which not only are unknown or unreported in other dialects but also retain some characteristics of the 'Arabiyya and of ancient dialects of the peninsula reported by the Arab grammarians. On both these counts, they are of paramount importance for synchronic, comparative and historical dialectology. Yet little is known of them and published materials remain scanty. It is the purpose of this article to describe in some detail the morphology of the verb, i.e., the stem, the subject markers and the object pronouns, and in the process, present phonological features and processes, in a dialect spoken in the North of the Najd, specifically that of Hāyil. This is an important town on the edge of the Jabal Shammar mountains just south of the Nafud, and some 350 miles to the north-west of Riyādh. Although the dialect manifests features which are typically Najdi, in the sense that investigation shows them to exist in other dialects of the Najd, it also possesses peculiarities all its own.

On Heptaphyllum, a New Genus of Carboniferous Coral

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way ◽  
West Of Ireland

A few years ago Mr. Carruthers described an aberrant coral, Cryptophyllum hibernicum, from the Lower Carboniferous of Bundoran, Donegal. Cryptophyllum occurred in the Lower Calp shales, which are considered to be about at the horizon of Vaughan's C2 to S1 beds. Another aberrant genus, Heptaphyllum, also from the north-west of Ireland—Lower Carboniferous shales, Sligo—forms the subject of this paper. Cryptophyllum is remarkable, first for the manner in which the earlier major septa appear—irregularly, and nearly simultaneously, instead of regularly, and in consecutive pairs, as is typical for Rugose Corals; and also in the development of only five septa instead of the normal six in the earliest growth stages. Heptaphyllum, as its name implies, develops seven septa in the young corallum. It resembles Cryptophyllum in having an early aseptate corallum, and in the way in which the earlier septa appear.

The Roman Military Occupation of North-West Spain

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 45-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The north-west corner of Spain was long neglected by Roman archaeologists, who have tended to concentrate on the more spectacular remains to be found in the south and east. However, recently more attention has been directed there by workers of several nationalities, who have now produced a quite extensive literature on the gold mines, as well as on wider aspects, chiefly in connection with the activities of the legion VII Gemina. Yet there has been little attempt in all this to examine why a substantial military force was maintained in the region for so long. This paper aims to review that problem to about the end of the second century A.D. The evidence available is almost entirely epigraphic, chiefly consisting of epitaphs and religious dedications. Building inscriptions are scarce. For convenience all the epigraphic material from the north-west of Spain that is relevant to the disposition of the army is collected in the appendix, and in the main text reference will be made to the numbers given there. In addition a few historical passages are of importance, but the archaeological site evidence is very slight. The nature of the evidence is such that most attention must be devoted to the units attested in the region and their deployment, with little to be said about their actual bases. Previous work on the subject has been dominated by the late Antonio García y Bellido in several masterly papers. However it has tended to concentrate more on the history of the units themselves than on questions of topography and the reasons behind their presence.

scholarly journals Modelling Local Patterns of Children Mortality. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lome-Hurtado ◽  
Jacques Lartigue Mendoza ◽  
Juan Carlos Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The number of death children at the international scale are still high, but with proper spatially-targeted health public policies this number could be reduced. In Mexico, children mortality is a particular health concern due to its alarming rate all throughout North America. The aims of this study are i) to model the change of children mortality risk at the municipality level, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time and (iii) to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities across time, using local trends of each municipality in Greater Mexico City. Methods: The study uses Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis to control for space-time patterns of data. This allow to model the geographical variation of the municipalities within the time span studied. Results: The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north, west, and some in the east; some of such municipalities show an increasing children mortality risk over time. The outcomes highlight some municipalities which show a medium risk currently but are likely to become high risk along the study period. Finally, the odds of children mortality risk illustrate a decreasing tendency over the 7-year framework. Conclusions: Identification of high-risk municipalities may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking out to reduce the incidence of children mortality, since it would provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.

scholarly journals The Development of Labial Clusters in the Aśokan Rock Edicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Yasuko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Over Time

The original range of consonant clusters in Indo-Aryan reduced significantly over time, developing into geminates, homorganic nasal-stop clusters, and sonorant-h clusters in Middle Indo-Aryan. Early Middle Indo-Aryan, as represented in the Aśokan inscriptions, however, still maintained the original clusters, or what appear to be transitional stages of the extensive changes. Salient among those cluster changes that are observed in the Aśokan inscriptions are the changes tm, tv> tp and dv > db in Girnār in the west; sm, sv > sp in Shāhbāzgaṛhī and Mānsehrā in the north-west; and mh > mbh in Kālsī in the north and in Dhaulī and Jaugaḍa in the east. The idiosyncratic nature of these changes lies in the development of a stop from m or v, where the more usual changes would be loss or assimilation of m after a stop and of v after a stop or a sibilant, while sm and hm would normally change to mh. This paper examines the manner assimilation of the “labial” clusters (that is, the clusters with m or v that normally do not incur assimilation of the adjacent consonant) in the Aśokan Rock Edicts. It discusses the conditions, the motivation, the course of the change of m/v to a labial stop, and the dialectal differences associated with this change.

scholarly journals Long-Term Influences of Stunting, Being Underweight, and Thinness on the Academic Performance of Primary School Girls: The NW-CHILD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8973
Author(s):  
Xonné Haywood ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
North West Province ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Over Time

Poor socio-economic status contributes to undernutrition which, in turn, can increase the risk of academic underachievement. This study wants to determine if stunting, being underweight, and thinness show long term relations with academic performance in primary school girls aged 6 to 13 in the North West province of South Africa. A randomized and stratified longitudinal research design including a baseline and two time-point measurements over seven school years was used. The sample included girls aged 6 to 13 years (N = 198) in the North West province of South Africa. Academic performance in the June school assessments and national and provincial assessments in grades 1, 4, and 7 were used to determine academic performance. Independent t-testing was used to determine differences between thinness, underweight and stunted girls as opposed to a reference group with no undernutrition indices. A repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment analyzed relations over time. Normal weight girls significantly outperformed stunted girls academically (p < 0.05) over time. Stunting had prolonged and significant negative influences on language, mathematics, and grade point average (p < 0.05). Early identification of undernutrition, especially stunting, is important for intervention and the implementation of timely prevention strategies, especially during early childhood years.

scholarly journals Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092096973
Author(s):  
Claire Nance ◽  
Sam Kirkham ◽  
Kate Lightfoot ◽  
Luke Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Uk

This paper investigates intonation in the urban dialect of Liverpool, Scouse. Scouse is reported to be part of a group of dialects in the north of the UK where rising contours in declaratives are a traditional aspect of the dialect. This intonation is typologically unusual and has not been the subject of detailed previous research. Here, we present such an analysis in comparison with Manchester, a city less than 40 miles from Liverpool but with a noticeably different prosody. Our analysis confirms reports that rising contours are the most common realization for declaratives in Liverpool, specifically a low rise where final high pitch is not reached until the end of the phrase. Secondly, we consider the origin of declarative rises in Scouse with reference to the literature on new dialect formation. Our demographic analysis and review of previous work on relevant dialects suggests that declarative rises were not the majority variant when Scouse was formed but may have been adopted for facilitating communication in a diverse new community. We highlight this contribution of intonational data to research on phonological aspects of new dialect formation, which have largely considered segmental phonology or timing previously.

Practising Public Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
North West ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Subject

This book is based on over 40 years work in public health at a time of unprecedented change and challenge. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of working at different levels of action, very much ‘how to do it and how it was done’. As such it is a personal account. This period marked a new era in which the previous medical paradigm, dating from the mid-nineteenth century, was replaced by a broader, multidisciplinary approach, grounded in social science, the humanities, ecology, and public engagement with the politics of health once more coming into focus. The author uses case studies, storytelling, and real-life experience of establishing a new and revitalized public health system in the North West of England to bring the subject alive for a new generation of students and practitioners. Building on historic insights and timeless lessons from the Victorian and early-twentieth-century pioneers, he traces the evolution of the new thinking and its translation into action. The volume offers a rich menu of examples of responses to an array of new challenges ranging from new infections, such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola, to the lifestyle diseases of the new age, and the application of public health thinking to mental health and the problems of an ageing population. The external threats to health from the environment and as a result of man-made disasters and emergencies are extensively covered. The author brings a fresh approach to public health and the communication of public health issues. This work is accessible and stimulating, speaking to a wide range of audiences and sharing his passion for the subject.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document