scholarly journals A reappraisal of the freehold property market in late medieval England

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian R. Bell ◽  
Chris Brooks ◽  
Helen Killick
Keyword(s):  
Social Constraints ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article re-examines the late medieval market in freehold land, the extent to which it was governed by market forces as opposed to political or social constraints, and how this contributed to the commercialisation of the late medieval English economy. We employ a valuable new resource for study of this topic in the form of an extensive dataset on late medieval English freehold property transactions. Through analysis of this data, we examine how the level of market activity (the number of sales) and the nature of the properties (the relative proportions of different types of asset) varied across regions and over time. In particular, we consider the impact of exogenous factors and the effects of growing commercialisation. We argue that peaks of activity following periods of crisis (Great Famine and Black Death) indicate that property ownership became open to market speculation. In so doing, we present an important new perspective on the long-term evolution of the medieval English property market.

An evolutionary perspective on the British banking crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Marshall ◽  
Stuart Dawley ◽  
Andy Pike ◽  
Jane Pollard ◽  
Mike Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Developing an evolutionary perspective towards the changing anatomy of the banking sector reveals the enduring tensions and contradictions between spatial centralisation and the possibilities for decentralisation before, during and after the British banking crisis. The shift from banking boom to crisis in 2007 is conceptualised as a significant and on-going moment in the long-term evolution of the historical institutional–spatial dominance of London over other city-regions in Britain. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the institutional and geographical legacies of the British national political economy and variegation of capitalism established in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in shaping contemporary geographical outcomes. Regulatory changes combined with financial innovation in the latter years of the twentieth century to create an opportunity for English regional and Scottish banks excluded from previous institutional–spatial centralisation to expand excessively and consequently several failed in the banking crisis. The paper considers the future trajectory of institutional–spatial centralisation in the banking sector amidst the continued spatial restructuring of the banking crisis, involving a re-drawing of organisational boundaries, overlapping institutional and technological changes and unprecedented uncertainty about the impact of Brexit on Britain’s wider political and economic landscape.

scholarly journals Exploring the effects of long-term anti-social behaviour victimisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 026975802096197
Author(s):  
Vicky Heap
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Insight Into

Despite victimological interest in the impacts of different types of criminal victimisation, there is little empirical work that examines the effects of sub-criminal behaviour on victims. This article begins to redress the balance by reporting the findings from a qualitative research project in England that investigated the effects of long-term anti-social behaviour victimisation. Semi-structured interviews explored victims’ accounts of the long-term anti-social behaviour they experienced and the resultant effects it had on their lives. The research uncovered that victims experience a range of mental and physical health effects as well as behavioural changes and has provided the first in-depth insight into the impact of this type of victimisation. The findings suggest the cumulative harms associated with anti-social behaviour need to be better acknowledged, understood and addressed, with greater support made available to victims.

Free Association and Civil Society in Cuba, 1787–1895

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
ALFONSO W. QUIROZ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractThis study provides a new perspective on civil society in Cuba during the nineteenth century based on concrete information about multiple types of association in different regions of the island. Modern associations developed mainly to meet specific social and cultural needs, achieve legal autonomy from the state and exercise free association despite colonial constraints. This long-term evolution covers several periods of intersections between civil society and political spheres, framed primarily by non-violent constitutionalist and reformist struggles rather than armed separatist conflicts. These findings contradict prevalent interpretations that portray an endemically weak yet increasingly militant civil society. Instead, a growing, moderate, and progressively autonomous and diverse civil society contributed gradually to undermine colonial despotism and establish key bases for post-independence democracy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Improved Thermistor Calibration on the Expendable Bathythermograph Profile Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1947-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlos Goes ◽  
Elizabeth Babcock ◽  
Francis Bringas ◽  
Peter Ortner ◽  
Gustavo Goni
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Expendable Bathythermograph ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractExpendable bathythermograph (XBT) data provide one of the longest available records of upper-ocean temperature. However, temperature and depth biases in XBT data adversely affect estimates of long-term trends of ocean heat content and, to a lesser extent, estimates of volume and heat transport in the ocean. Several corrections have been proposed to overcome historical biases in XBT data, which rely on constantly monitoring these biases. This paper provides an analysis of data collected during three recent hydrographic cruises that utilized different types of probes, and examines methods to reduce temperature and depth biases by improving the thermistor calibration and reducing the mass variability of the XBT probes.The results obtained show that the use of individual thermistor calibration in XBT probes is the most effective calibration to decrease the thermal bias, improving the mean thermal bias to less than 0.02°C and its tolerance from 0.1° to 0.03°C. The temperature variance of probes with screened thermistors is significantly reduced by approximately 60% in comparison to standard probes. On the other hand, probes with a tighter weight tolerance did not show statistically significant reductions in the spread of depth biases, possibly because of the small sample size or the sensitivity of the depth accuracy to other causes affecting the analysis.

Addressing the Foreign Terrorist Fighter Phenomenon from a Human Rights Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeda Limbada ◽  
Lynn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Rights Issues

Foreign terrorist fighters raise security concerns with regard to their actions abroad but also their possible return to their home countries. This paper asks whether tough state responses and new powers such as detention and withdrawal of citizenship raise significant human rights issues. It looks firstly at the different types of rights in play before examining counter-terror legislation from countries such as uk, Australia and Canada. Discourses of the profiles of extremists can be reductionist, ignoring the complexity of the journeys in and out of violent extremism. Does imprisonment does have a deterrent effect? What is the impact on communities of rendering individuals stateless? How does legislation impact on freedom of speech? The paper looks at good practices in deradicalisation from different countries, before outlining three key propositions. First is a much wider public education forum which explains different types of rights and encourages dialogue about what rights take precedence in a security strategy. Second is the forging of long term partnerships with communities, to build trust rather than stigmatise; and third is a greater democratisation of security policy, using two-way information and learning, from sources such as former extremists as well as from the voices of youth.

scholarly journals The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - I. The impact of r-process nucleosynthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 439 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rosswog ◽  
O. Korobkin ◽  
A. Arcones ◽  
F.- K. Thielemann ◽  
T. Piran
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
R Process ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals On the relativistic Lagrange-Laplace secular dynamics for extrasolar systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S310) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
M. Sansottera ◽  
L. Grassi ◽  
A. Giorgilli
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Secular Dynamics ◽  
Extrasolar Systems ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Numerical Integrations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe study the secular dynamics of extrasolar planetary systems by extending the Lagrange-Laplace theory to high order and by including the relativistic effects. We investigate the long-term evolution of the planetary eccentricities via normal form and we find an excellent agreement with direct numerical integrations. Finally we set up a simple analytic criterion that allows to evaluate the impact of the relativistic effects in the long-time evolution.

scholarly journals A Microanalytical Simulation Model to Predict the Long-Term Evolution of Employment Biographies in Austria: The Demographics Module

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Wurzer ◽  
Reinhold Hatzinger
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The well-known problems of decreasing birth rates and population ageing represent a major challenge for the Austrian pension system. It is expected that the group of pensioners will grow steadily in the future, while the proportion of people that support them – the taxpayers – will shrink. In this regard, microsimulation provides a valuable tool to identify the impact of various policy measures. With microsimulation, it is not only possibleto predict cross-sectional data (e.g., the distribution of age groups in 2050), but also to simulate lifecourses of people, providing longitudinal outcomes. The demographics module is the first in a series of modules that are part of a microsimulation prototype. This prototype is being developed in order to predict the long-term evolution of Employment Biographies in Austria.

Hydrogeological simulation of sedimentary basin evolution during a glacial cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Silbermann
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Thermal Problem ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Co-authors: Francesco Parisio, Thomas Nagel</strong></p><p>Glaciation cycles affect the long-term evolution of geosystems by crustal deformation, ground freezing and thawing, as well as large-scale hydrogeological changes. In order to properly understand the present and future conditions of potential nuclear waste repository sites, we need to simulate the past history. <br>For this, a sedimentary basin is considered here as a large-scale hydrogeological benchmark study. The long-term evolution during one glacial cycle is simulated using the open-source multi-field finite element code <em>OpenGeoSys</em>. The impact of the glacial loading (weight and induced shear) is taken into account using appropriate time-dependent stress boundary conditions. As a preliminary study, the hydro-mechanically coupled problem and the thermal problem are considered separately. For comparison with a previously published study by Bense et al. (2008), the entire displacement field is prescribed and the groundwater evolution (hydraulic problem) is regarded. Then, the displacement is only prescribed by means of boundary conditions. The impact of different constitutive assumptions on the deformation and hydraulic behavior is analyzed. The thermal problem is used to simulate the evolution of frost bodies in the subsurface beneath and ahead of the glacier.</p><p>V. F. Bense and M. A. Person. Transient hydrodynamics within intercratonic sedimentary basins during glacial cycles. Journal of Geophysical Research,<br>113(F4):F04005, 10 2008.</p>

A review of the effects of different marking and tagging techniques on marine mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Walker ◽  
Andrew W. Trites ◽  
Martin Haulena ◽  
Daniel M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Wildlife research often requires marking and tagging animals to collect data on survival, reproduction, movement, behaviour and physiology. Identification of individual marine mammals can be carried out using tags, brands, paint, dye, photogrammetry, telemetry and other techniques. An analysis of peer-reviewed articles published from January 1980 to April 2011 addressing the effects of marking revealed a preponderance of studies focussed on short-term effects such as injuries and behavioural changes. Some marking techniques were reported to cause pain and to change swimming and haul-out behaviour, maternal attendance, and duration of foraging trips. However, marking has typically not been found to affect survival. No published research has addressed other possible long-term effects of marking related to injuries or pain responses. Studies of the more immediate effects of marking (mostly related to externally attached devices such as radio-transmitters) have shown a variety of different types and magnitudes of responses. It is important to note that studies failing to find treament differences are less likely to be published, meaning that the present and any other reviews based on published literature may be a biased sample of all research conducted on the topic. Publishing results that found no or low impacts (i.e. best practices) as well as those that found significant impacts on animals should both be encouraged. Future research under more controlled conditions is required to document acute effects of marking, including injury and pain, and to better understand longer-term effects on health, reproduction and survival. We recommend that studies using marked animals standardise their reports, with added detail on methodology, monitoring and sampling design, and address practices used to minimise the impact of marking on marine mammals.

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