Ontology mapping: the state of the art

Ontology mapping is seen as a solution provider in today's landscape of ontology research. As the number of ontologies that are made publicly available and accessible on the Web increases steadily, so does the need for applications to use them. A single ontology is no longer enough to support the tasks envisaged by a distributed environment like the Semantic Web. Multiple ontologies need to be accessed from several applications. Mapping could provide a common layer from which several ontologies could be accessed and hence could exchange information in semantically sound manners. Developing such mappings has been the focus of a variety of works originating from diverse communities over a number of years. In this article we comprehensively review and present these works. We also provide insights on the pragmatics of ontology mapping and elaborate on a theoretical approach for defining ontology mapping.

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A faster and less aggressive algorithm for correcting conservativity violations in ontology alignments

Applied Ontology ◽

10.3233/ao-210243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Cauã Roca Antunes ◽

Alexandre Rademaker ◽

Mara Abel

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Time Algorithm ◽

The State ◽

Ontology Alignment ◽

Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative ◽

Multiple Ontologies

Ontologies are computational artifacts that model consensual aspects of reality. In distributed contexts, applications often need to utilize information from several distinct ontologies. In order to integrate multiple ontologies, entities modeled in each ontology must be matched through an ontology alignment. However, imperfect alignments may introduce inconsistencies. One kind of inconsistency, which is often introduced, is the violation of the conservativity principle, that states that the alignment should not introduce new subsumption relations between entities from the same source ontology. We propose a two-step quadratic-time algorithm for automatically correcting such violations, and evaluate it against datasets from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2019, comparing the results to a state-of-the-art approach. The proposed algorithm was significantly faster and less aggressive; that is, it performed fewer modifications over the original alignment when compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm.

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A Sign of Things to Come: Predicting the Perception of Above-the-Fold Time in Web Browsing

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi13020050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Hamed Z. Jahromi ◽

Declan Delaney ◽

Andrew Hines

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

Web Applications ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

The State ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Web Page ◽

To Come ◽

Web Quality ◽

The Web

Content is a key influencing factor in Web Quality of Experience (QoE) estimation. A web user’s satisfaction can be influenced by how long it takes to render and visualize the visible parts of the web page in the browser. This is referred to as the Above-the-fold (ATF) time. SpeedIndex (SI) has been widely used to estimate perceived web page loading speed of ATF content and a proxy metric for Web QoE estimation. Web application developers have been actively introducing innovative interactive features, such as animated and multimedia content, aiming to capture the users’ attention and improve the functionality and utility of the web applications. However, the literature shows that, for the websites with animated content, the estimated ATF time using the state-of-the-art metrics may not accurately match completed ATF time as perceived by users. This study introduces a new metric, Plausibly Complete Time (PCT), that estimates ATF time for a user’s perception of websites with and without animations. PCT can be integrated with SI and web QoE models. The accuracy of the proposed metric is evaluated based on two publicly available datasets. The proposed metric holds a high positive Spearman’s correlation (rs=0.89) with the Perceived ATF reported by the users for websites with and without animated content. This study demonstrates that using PCT as a KPI in QoE estimation models can improve the robustness of QoE estimation in comparison to using the state-of-the-art ATF time metric. Furthermore, experimental result showed that the estimation of SI using PCT improves the robustness of SI for websites with animated content. The PCT estimation allows web application designers to identify where poor design has significantly increased ATF time and refactor their implementation before it impacts end-user experience.

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A Theoretical Foundation of Demand Driven Web Services

Cloud Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6539-2.ch018 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 392-422

Author(s):

Zhaohao Sun ◽

John Yearwood

Keyword(s):

Web Services ◽

Social Services ◽

Service Oriented Architecture ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Cloud Services ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

The Internet ◽

Service Oriented ◽

The Web

Web services are playing a pivotal role in business, management, governance, and society with the dramatic development of the Internet and the Web. However, many fundamental issues are still ignored to some extent. For example, what is the unified perspective to the state-of-the-art of Web services? What is the foundation of Demand-Driven Web Services (DDWS)? This chapter addresses these fundamental issues by examining the state-of-the-art of Web services and proposing a theoretical and technological foundation for demand-driven Web services with applications. This chapter also presents an extended Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), eSMACS SOA, and examines main players in this architecture. This chapter then classifies DDWS as government DDWS, organizational DDWS, enterprise DDWS, customer DDWS, and citizen DDWS, and looks at the corresponding Web services. Finally, this chapter examines the theoretical, technical foundations for DDWS with applications. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of Web services, mobile services, cloud services, and social services.

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Requirements Engineering for Courseware Development

Requirements Engineering for Sociotechnical Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-506-1.ch011 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 170-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ines Grützner ◽

Barbara Paech

Keyword(s):

Requirements Engineering ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Further Education ◽

The State ◽

Requirements Specification ◽

Development Projects ◽

Learning Context ◽

Active Involvement ◽

The Web

Technology-enabled learning using the Web and the computer and courseware, in particular, is becoming more and more important as an addition, extension, or replacement of traditional further education measures. This chapter introduces the challenges and possible solutions for requirements engineering (RE) in courseware development projects. First the state-of-the-art in courseware requirements engineering is analyzed and confronted with the most important challenges. Then the IntView methodology is described as one solution for these challenges. The main features of IntView RE are: support of all roles from all views on courseware RE; focus on the audience supported by active involvement of audience representatives in all activities; comprehensive analysis of the sociotechnical environment of the audience and the courseware as well as of the courseware learning context; coverage of all software RE activities; and development of an explicit requirements specification documentation.

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Semantic Web of Things for Industry 4.0

Semantic Web ◽

10.3233/sw-200407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 885-886

Author(s):

Dhavalkumar Thakker ◽

Pankesh Patel ◽

Muhammad Intizar Ali ◽

Tejal Shah

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Special Issue ◽

Semantic Web Technologies ◽

Web Of Things ◽

Web Technologies

Welcome to this special issue of the Semantic Web (SWJ) journal. The special issue compiles four technical contributions that significantly advance the state-of-the-art in Semantic Web of Things for Industry 4.0 including the use of Semantic Web technologies and techniques in Industry 4.0 solutions.

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A Dynamic Dashboarding Application for Fleet Monitoring Using Semantic Web of Things Technologies

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20041152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sander Vanden Hautte ◽

Pieter Moens ◽

Joachim Van Herwegen ◽

Dieter De Paepe ◽

Bram Steenwinckel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Data Exchange ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Vast Amount ◽

Data Formats ◽

Sensor Configuration ◽

Fixed Structure ◽

The Web ◽

At Will

In industry, dashboards are often used to monitor fleets of assets, such as trains, machines or buildings. In such industrial fleets, the vast amount of sensors evolves continuously, new sensor data exchange protocols and data formats are introduced, new visualization types may need to be introduced and existing dashboard visualizations may need to be updated in terms of displayed sensors. These requirements motivate the development of dynamic dashboarding applications. These, as opposed to fixed-structure dashboard applications, allow users to create visualizations at will and do not have hard-coded sensor bindings. The state-of-the-art in dynamic dashboarding does not cope well with the frequent additions and removals of sensors that must be monitored—these changes must still be configured in the implementation or at runtime by a user. Also, the user is presented with an overload of sensors, aggregations and visualizations to select from, which may sometimes even lead to the creation of dashboard widgets that do not make sense. In this paper, we present a dynamic dashboard that overcomes these problems. Sensors, visualizations and aggregations can be discovered automatically, since they are provided as RESTful Web Things on a Web Thing Model compliant gateway. The gateway also provides semantic annotations of the Web Things, describing what their abilities are. A semantic reasoner can derive visualization suggestions, given the Thing annotations, logic rules and a custom dashboard ontology. The resulting dashboarding application automatically presents the available sensors, visualizations and aggregations that can be used, without requiring sensor configuration, and assists the user in building dashboards that make sense. This way, the user can concentrate on interpreting the sensor data and detecting and solving operational problems early.

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Ontology Alignment

International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science ◽

10.4018/jkss.2010100102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 22-40

Author(s):

Tatyana Ivanova

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Ontology Mapping ◽

Ontology Alignment ◽

Main Motivation ◽

Significant Research ◽

Component Matching ◽

The Web ◽

Made In

A grand number of ontologies have been developed and are publicly accessible on the Web making techniques for mapping between various ontologies more significant. Research has been made in the area of ontology alignment, a grand number of approaches, algorithms, and tools have been developed in recent years, but are still not “perfect” and excellent knowledge. In this article, the author makes an overall view of the state of ontology alignment, including the latest research, comparing many approaches, and analyzing their strengths and drawbacks. The main motivation behind this work is the fact that despite many component matching solutions that have been developed so far, there is no integrated solution that is a clear success, which can be used for ontology mapping in all cases, making knowledge about developed ontology mapping methods and their clear classification needed.

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Combining the Semantic Web with the Web as Background Knowledge for Ontology Mapping

On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2007: CoopIS, DOA, ODBASE, GADA, and IS - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-76848-7_55 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 814-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruben Vazquez ◽

Nik Swoboda

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Background Knowledge ◽

Ontology Mapping ◽

The Web

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COMPENDIUM: a text summarisation tool for generating summaries of multiple purposes, domains, and genres

Natural Language Engineering ◽

10.1017/s1351324912000198 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 147-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ELENA LLORET ◽

MANUEL PALOMAR

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Textual Entailment ◽

Oriented Approach ◽

The Web

AbstractIn this paper, we present a Text Summarisation tool, compendium, capable of generating the most common types of summaries. Regarding the input, single- and multi-document summaries can be produced; as the output, the summaries can be extractive or abstractive-oriented; and finally, concerning their purpose, the summaries can be generic, query-focused, or sentiment-based. The proposed architecture for compendium is divided in various stages, making a distinction between core and additional stages. The former constitute the backbone of the tool and are common for the generation of any type of summary, whereas the latter are used for enhancing the capabilities of the tool. The main contributions of compendium with respect to the state-of-the-art summarisation systems are that (i) it specifically deals with the problem of redundancy, by means of textual entailment; (ii) it combines statistical and cognitive-based techniques for determining relevant content; and (iii) it proposes an abstractive-oriented approach for facing the challenge of abstractive summarisation. The evaluation performed in different domains and textual genres, comprising traditional texts, as well as texts extracted from the Web 2.0, shows that compendium is very competitive and appropriate to be used as a tool for generating summaries.

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